Khansa ya chikhodzodzo: Musachite mantha, tiyeni tikambirane za izi

Kodi mwaonapo kuti mtundu wa mkodzo wanu wasintha? Mwina ndi mtundu wofiira ngati pinki... Kapena mumamva ngati mukufunika kukodza pafupipafupi, koma zimamveka ngati simungathe? Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sitimasamala zinthuzi, nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zizindikiro zofunika zomwe thupi lathu limapereka. Imeneyo ndi imodzi mwa mitu yofunika kwambiri, khansa ya chikhodzodzo, yomwe tikambirane lero. Musachite mantha, chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa izi.

Mwachidule, kodi khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi chiyani?

Khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi mtundu wa khansa wosowa kwambiri. Imayamba m'maselo omwe ali mkati mwa chikhodzodzo chathu. Ganizirani chikhodzodzo chanu ngati chiwalo chaching'ono chonga thumba chomwe chimasonkhanitsa ndikusunga mkodzo wanu. Pali njira zambiri zochizira khansa iyi, kuphatikizapo opaleshoni yochotsa maselo a khansa.

Koma chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndichakuti khansa ya chikhodzodzo ikhoza kubwereranso pambuyo pa chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti munthu amene ali ndi vutoli apitirize kulankhulana ndi dokotala wake ndikutsatira nthawi zonse. Ngati izi zapezeka msanga, ndiko kuti, ngati khansayo yachiritsidwa isanafalikire mbali zina za thupi, zotsatira zake zitha kupezeka. Komabe, ngakhale itachiritsidwa poyamba, pali mwayi wa 75% woti ibwererenso. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala maso.

Kodi vutoli limakhudza bwanji thupi lathu?

Chikhodzodzo chanu chili pakati pa mafupa a m'chiuno mwanu, pansi pa impso zanu. Mkodzo wopangidwa ndi impso zanu umasonkhana mu chikhodzodzo ichi. Mkati mwake muli nembanemba yapadera yotchedwa urothelium. Maselo omwe ali mu nembanemba iyi amatha kutambasuka pamene chikhodzodzo chikudzaza ndi mkodzo ndikugwedezekanso pamene chikutuluka. Chimakhala ngati buluni ya rabara. Nthawi zambiri imatha kusunga makapu awiri a mkodzo.

Khansa ya chikhodzodzo imachitika pamene maselo ena omwe ali mu chikhodzodzo (urothelium) amasintha maselo ndikuyamba kugawikana modabwitsa komanso mosalamulirika. Maselo osazolowerekawa amakula pamodzi kuti apange zotupa. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, maselo a khansawa amatha kufalikira kudzera m'makoma a chikhodzodzo kupita ku ma lymph nodes apafupi ndikuchokera pamenepo kupita ku ziwalo zina, monga mafupa, mapapo, kapena chiwindi.

Kodi mitundu ya khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi iti?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Izi zimagawidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa selo lomwe khansa imayambira. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu.

Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala amaika khansa iyi m'gulu lina, lomwe limadalira momwe khansayo yafalikira kwambiri.

• Siyowononga: Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansa imangokhala pamwamba pa khoma lamkati la chikhodzodzo.
• Sichimayambitsa minofu: Khansa yapita patsogolo pang'ono, koma sinalowe m'minofu.
• Kulowa minofu: Pankhaniyi, khansa yalowa mu minofu ya chikhodzodzo. Ikhoza kufalikira kupitirira pamenepo. Imeneyi ndi nkhani yoopsa kwambiri.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu woona matendawa?

Kodi khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi chiyani?Khansa yachinayi yofala kwambiri pakati pa amuna. Amuna ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wodwala khansayi kuposa akazi.

Khansa imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhudza anthu azaka zoposa 55. Avereji ya zaka za munthu amene wapezeka ndi matendawa ndi pafupifupi zaka 73.

Kodi zizindikiro zazikulu za khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chodziwika bwino cha matendawa ndi magazi mu mkodzo (hematuria). Komabe, musaope kuganiza kuti chifukwa chakuti muli ndi magazi mu mkodzo wanu, ndi khansa. Ikhozanso kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda ena (monga miyala ya mkodzo, matenda). Komabe, ngati muwona magazi mu mkodzo wanu pazifukwa zilizonse, muyenera kuwona dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zina.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi zomwe zimayambitsa?

Ngakhale madokotala sanganene chifukwa chake maselo a chikhodzodzo amasanduka maselo a khansa. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zapezeka zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha izi.

• Kusuta: Ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu komanso chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Munthu amene amasuta ndudu ali ndi chiopsezo chowirikiza kawiri cha khansa iyi kuposa munthu amene sasuta. Kusuta ndudu, mapaipi, ndi kupuma utsi wa munthu amene akusuta kumawonjezera chiopsezocho.
• Kupezeka ndi khansa ya m'mimba: Ngati mwalandira chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mimba pogwiritsa ntchito radiation, ndiye kuti palinso chiopsezo.
• Chemotherapy: Mankhwala ena a chemotherapy angapangitsenso kuti pakhale chiopsezo.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala enaake: Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto, labala, zikopa, utoto, nsalu zina, ndi zinthu zokonzera tsitsi, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Matenda opatsirana m'mitsempha ya mkodzo pafupipafupi: Anthu omwe amadwala matenda monga matenda a mkodzo ndi miyala ya mkodzo kwa nthawi yayitali ali pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya squamous cell.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito catheter kwa nthawi yayitali: Anthu omwe ali ndi catheter nthawi yayitali pazifukwa zina nawonso ali ndi chiopsezo chotere.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji izi? (Kuzindikira)

Mukapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro, adzakuyesani mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

Mayeso a pang'onopang'ono

1. Kusanthula mkodzo: Gawo loyamba ndi kuyesa chitsanzo cha mkodzo. Izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati pali matenda kapena ayi.

2. Cytology: Maselo omwe ali mu mkodzo amawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti awone ngati pali maselo a khansa.

3. Cystoscopy: Iyi ndi njira yaikulu yoyesera matenda.Mu izi, chubu chopyapyala chofanana ndi pensulo (cystoscope) chokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa chimayikidwa kudzera mu mkodzo kuti chione mkati mwa chikhodzodzo chonse. Nthawi zina kuwala kwapadera kwa buluu ndi utoto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira bwino maselo a khansa. Panthawiyi, chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu (biopsy) chingachotsedwenso pamalo okayikitsa ndikutumizidwa kukawunika.

Ngati mayesowa atsimikizira kuti khansa ilipo, mayeso ena amachitidwa kuti adziwe zambiri zokhudza khansayo.

• Kuchotsa chotupa cha chikhodzodzo kudzera mu mkodzo `(TURBT)`: Izi zimachitika pozindikira komanso kuchiza. Chipangizo chofanana ndi cystoscope chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula ndikuchotsa chotupacho m'chikhodzodzo. Chotupa chochotsedwacho chimawunikidwa kuti chione ngati khansa yafalikira ku minofu.
• Kujambula kwa MRI ndi CT: Mitundu iyi ya kujambulidwa imatha kuwona ngati khansa yafalikira kupitirira chikhodzodzo kupita ku ziwalo zozungulira.
• Kujambula X-ray pachifuwa ndi Kujambula Mafupa: Mayesowa amachitika kuti aone ngati khansa yafalikira m'mapapo kapena m'mafupa.

Dokotala amasankha siteji ya khansa kutengera zomwe zapezeka kuchokera ku mayeso onsewa.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Pali njira zinayi zazikulu zochizira khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Nthawi zina njira imodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi.

1. Opaleshoni

Uwu ndiye mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe imachitika umasiyana malinga ndi gawo la khansa.

• TURBT: Njira ya ``TURBT'' yomwe tidakambirana kale imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chithandizo ngati khansayo sinafalikire ku minofu. Chotupacho chimadulidwa ndikuchotsedwa kapena kutenthedwa pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi amphamvu kwambiri.
• Kuchotsa khansa ya m'mawere: Ngati khansa yafalikira kupitirira chikhodzodzo kapena ngati pali zotupa m'chikhodzodzo chonse, chikhodzodzo chonse chimachotsedwa opaleshoni. Mwa amuna, prostate gland ingachotsedwenso, ndipo mwa akazi, chiberekero ndi mazira angachotsedwenso. Chikhodzodzo chikachotsedwa, njira yochotsera mkodzo imapangidwa kuti mkodzo utuluke.

2. Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Izi ndi mankhwala omwe amapha maselo a khansa. Nthawi zina mankhwala awa amaperekedwa mwachindunji m'chikhodzodzo kudzera mu chubu. Izi zimatchedwa intravesical therapy . Izi zitha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo athanzi.

3. Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy

Izi zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti chiukire maselo a khansa. Chimodzi mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi katemera wa Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).

4. Chithandizo cha Radiation

Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri kuti kuwononge maselo a khansa. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina m'malo mwa opaleshoni.

5. Chithandizo Cholunjika

Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yochiritsira. Ikuphatikizapo kupereka mankhwala omwe amangokhudza kusintha kwa majini komwe kumasintha maselo athanzi kukhala maselo a khansa.

Kodi mumadzisamalira bwanji?

Kukhala ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo kungakhale kovuta, makamaka chifukwa ikhoza kubwereranso. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite.

• Tsatirani zakudya zopatsa thanzi la mtima: Phatikizani nyama, nsomba, mkaka, mtedza, ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosiyanasiyana muzakudya zanu.
• Idyani zakudya zokhala ndi ulusi wambiri: Izi zithandiza pa mavuto am'mimba omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chithandizo.
• Kuchita Masewera Olimbitsa Thupi: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono kumathandiza kuchepetsa nkhawa.
• Lumikizanani ndi ena: Pali ena omwe akukumana ndi matenda amtunduwu. Kugawana zomwe akumana nazo ndikulankhula nawo kungakuthandizeni kukhala ndi mphamvu zamaganizo.