Kodi tikambirane za matenda a ubongo? Kodi mukudziwa?

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ubongo wathu, womwe ndi gawo laling'ono koma lovuta kwambiri la thupi lathu, umagwira ntchito yochuluka bwanji? Chiwalo chodabwitsa ichi chimalamulira chilichonse chomwe timaganiza, kuchita, ndi kumva. Koma nthawi zina, ubongo ukhozanso kukhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Lero, tikambirana za matenda otere omwe amakhudza ubongo, kapena (Matenda a Ubongo) . Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi, chifukwa pamenepo titha kuzindikira mwachangu matenda awa ndikupeza upangiri wofunikira wachipatala.

Mwachidule, ubongo uli ngati malo olamulira thupi lathu. Sikuti kukula ndi chitukuko chathu kokha, komanso ntchito zonse za thupi zimayendetsedwa ndi ubongo. Chilichonse chomwe mumaganiza, chilichonse chomwe mumamva, chilichonse chomwe mumachita chimayambira pamenepo. Ubongo ndi gawo la dongosolo lathu la mitsempha . Uli ngati bolodi la makompyuta. Ndi kudzera mu netiweki ya mitsempha yomwe chidziwitso chokhudza thupi lathu ndi dziko lakunja chimapita ku ubongo ndi msana . Ubongo umakonza zizindikiro izi ndikutumiza mayankho kudzera mu msana kudzera mu mitsempha. Chifukwa chake, pali matenda ambiri omwe amakhudza ubongo uwu. Izi zitha kusintha khalidwe la munthu, umunthu wake, luso lake lomvetsetsa zambiri, komanso luso lake lochita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kodi matenda a ubongo ndi amtundu wanji?

Pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya matenda a ubongo. Ena ndi osowa kwambiri. Koma tiyeni tikambirane za magulu akuluakulu omwe tonsefe tiyenera kudziwa.

Matenda a Ubongo Odziteteza Kuthupi

Izi zikumveka zachilendo pang'ono, sichoncho? Chitetezo cha mthupi mwathu, mwachidule, chimachitika pamene chitetezo cha thupi lathu, asilikali omwe akuyenera kutiteteza ku matenda, akuukira mbali zina za ubongo wathu . Amaganiza kuti ndi mdani wochokera kunja.

• Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi Multiple Sclerosis (MS) . Monga momwe waya wamagetsi uli ndi chophimba cha pulasitiki pamwamba pake, maselo athu amitsempha nawonso ali ndi chophimba choteteza. Mu MS, chophimba ichi chimawonongeka m'mitsempha ya muubongo, msana, ndi maso.
• Palinso matenda ena a ubongo omwe amafanana ndi MS, koma ndi ochepa pang'ono.
• Matenda ena, monga autoimmune encephalitis, angayambitse kutupa muubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu aiwale komanso azigwedezeka miyendo ndi miyendo.

Khunyu

Khunyu , kapena monga momwe ena amanenera, 'kukhala ndi khunyu', ndi chizolowezi chokhala ndi khunyu mobwerezabwereza . Khunyu imakhala ngati mphepo yamkuntho muubongo.

• Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kutaya chidziwitso ndi mayendedwe osalamulirika a thupi.(kugwedezeka).
• Koma khunyu zina sizimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Zingakhale zosamveka bwino, kapena zingaphatikizepo kuyenda kosalamulirika kwa gawo limodzi la thupi.

Matenda

Matenda amabwera pamene mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majeremusi, monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi, alowa muubongo mwathu kapena m'maselo oteteza ubongo.

• Matenda a meningitis ndi matenda omwe amakhudza nembanemba yoteteza ubongo. Nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zizindikiro monga mutu, chisokonezo , komanso khosi lolimba.
• Nthawi zina, pamafunika kupopera msana kuti mudziwe kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matendawa. Pamenepo ndi pomwe mankhwala oyenera opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angaperekedwe.

Matenda amisala

Matenda amisala, khalidwe, ndi maganizo angachepetse chisangalalo cha munthu pa moyo komanso kuthekera kwake kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mitundu ikuluikulu ya izi ndi:

• Nkhawa
• Matenda a Bipolar
• Kuvutika maganizo
• Matenda Ovutika Maganizo Pambuyo pa Zoopsa (PTSD)
Schizophrenia

Tangoganizani kuti ubongo wanu uli ngati kompyuta, ndipo maganizo anu ali ngati mapulogalamu omwe amayenda pa iyo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, maganizo anu ndi 'dongosolo logwirira ntchito' la ubongo wanu. Akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo ali ngati akatswiri a mapulogalamu a pakompyuta omwe amazindikira chifukwa chake pulogalamu iyi sigwira ntchito bwino ndipo imayambitsa mavuto.

Kawirikawiri, chithandizo chimaphatikizapo mankhwala ndi kulankhula. Anthu ena amakayikira kuonana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo . Koma sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Matenda amisala amakhudza munthu mmodzi pa akulu asanu, choncho ndikofunikira kulankhula momasuka za matendawa ndikupempha thandizo.

Matenda a Ubongo Osagwira Ntchito

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni muubongo. Mwachidule, maselo a muubongo amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Gululi likuphatikizapo:

• Matenda a Alzheimer
• Matenda a Parkinson
• Matenda ambiri monga ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) amabadwa nawo.

Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimaipiraipira pakapita nthawi. Zingakhudze kuganiza, kukumbukira, kuyenda, kapena kuphatikiza zonsezi. Zimapezeka kwambiri mwa okalamba. Zina mwa izo ndi zachibadwa.

Matenda a Neurodevelopment

Matendawa amakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko cha ubongo, makamaka paubwana. Nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi akatswiri a ubongo a ana. Nthawi zina katswiri wa majini amatha kudziwa ngati ndi cholowa. Ngati ndi choncho, angapereke uphungu kwa banja. Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda a ubongo, kuphatikizapo:

• Matenda Osagwira Ntchito Mokwanira (ADHD)
• Matenda a Autism Spectrum
• Dyslexia ( mavuto owerenga)

Stroke

Sitiroko, kapena 'kupuwala' monga momwe ena amachitcha, kumachitika pamene mtsempha wamagazi womwe umapatsa ubongo zakudya umatsekedwa, kapena nthawi zina umaphulika. Komabe, zotsatira zake zimakhala nthawi yomweyo. Sitiroko imawononga gawo la ubongo. Izi zingayambitse mavuto polankhula, kumvetsetsa, kuwona, mphamvu, kumva, kapena kugwirizana. Ngati ubongo wawonongeka kwambiri ndi sitiroko imodzi kapena zingapo, zingayambitse matenda a dementia, matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu aiwale . Nthawi zina, sitiroko ingayambitse khunyu.

Kuvulala kwa Ubongo Koopsa

Gulu ili likuphatikizapo zinthu kuyambira kuvulala pang'ono monga kugwedezeka kwa ubongo mpaka kuvulala kwakukulu kwa ubongo monga zilonda zowomberedwa. Kuvulala kwa ubongo kungachitike chifukwa cha kugwa, ngozi zamagalimoto, ngozi zamasewera, kapena nkhanza zapakhomo (kuphatikizapo nkhanza za ana). Kumenyedwa mobwerezabwereza kumutu kungayambitse zipsera mu ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto lotchedwa chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) . Madokotala a opaleshoni ya mitsempha amachiritsa kuvulala ndi kutuluka magazi mkati mwa ubongo. Akatswiri a zamaganizo, madokotala amisala, ndi akatswiri olankhula amathandiza ndi mavuto a khalidwe ndi kuganiza omwe amayamba pambuyo pa kuvulala kwa ubongo. Akatswiri a mitsempha amathandizanso anthu omwe avulala.

Ziphuphu za muubongo

Khansa zomwe zimakula m'mbali zina za thupi, monga mapapo, bere, kapena m'matumbo, zimatha kufalikira ku ubongo ndikupanga zotupa. Kapena, zotupazi zimatha kupangika mu minofu ya ubongo yokha kapena m'zophimba ubongo.

• Mosiyana ndi zotupa zomwe zimafalikira kuchokera ku ziwalo zina za thupi, zotupa zomwe zimapangidwa muubongo wokha kapena mu meninges zimaonedwa kuti sizabwino, kutanthauza kuti sizivulaza , ngati zimakula zokha ndipo siziwononga minofu yaubongo yozungulira.
• Koma ngati akukula mofulumira ndi kulowa mu ubongo wozungulira, amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi zotupa zoopsa komanso za khansa .
• Astrocytoma ndi chotupa chofala chomwe chimayamba mkati mwa ubongo. Meningioma ndi chotupa chofala chomwe chimayamba m'mabokosi a ubongo.

Kodi matenda a ubongo amenewa ndi ofala bwanji?

Matenda a muubongo amakhudzadi anthu ambiri. Koma kuchuluka kwa matenda aliwonse kumasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muyang'ana ziwerengero ku United States:

• Matenda a Alzheimer amakhudza anthu oposa 6 miliyoni.
• Matenda a Autism amakhudza pafupifupi mwana m'modzi mwa ana 44 aliwonse.
• Matenda a khansa ya muubongo ndi khansa zina za mitsempha sizimafala kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale pafupifupi 1.3% ya khansa zonse.
• Khunyu imakhudza anthu 1.2%, ndipo anthu akuluakulu pafupifupi 3 miliyoni ndi ana 470,000.
• Matenda a Meningitis tsopano sakufala kwambiri chifukwa cha katemera. Milandu 371 yokha ndi yomwe inanenedwa mu 2019.
• Matenda amisala ndi ofala kwambiri, ndipo amakhudza munthu m'modzi mwa akuluakulu asanu.
• Anthu pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi amakhala ndi matenda a multiple sclerosis .
• Matenda a sitiroko amapezeka mwa anthu pafupifupi 800,000 chaka chilichonse.
• Anthu opitilira 220,000 adagonekedwa m'chipatala mu 2018 chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa ubongo komwe kudachitika mwadzidzidzi .

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ubongo?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ubongo komanso zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:

• Poizoni ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe: Kukumana ndi mankhwala oopsa ndi kuwala kwa nthawi yayitali kungapangitse kuti matenda ena monga zotupa muubongo azikula.
• Majini: Majini ena ndi kusintha kwa majini kungayambitse kapena kuwonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda ambiri a muubongo. Ofufuza apeza majini okhudzana ndi zotupa za muubongo, khunyu, matenda a neurodegenerative, matenda a neurodevelopmental, ndi matenda amisala. Majini omwe amayambitsa matendawa amatha kukhala obadwa nawo kapena angachitike mwangozi.
• Kugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo chamthupi: Matenda a muubongo omwe amakhudza chitetezo chamthupi chokha amayamba pamene chitetezo chamthupi chathu chikuukira maselo a thupi lathu.
• Matenda: Zamoyo monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi zingayambitse matenda a muubongo monga meningitis.
• Kuvulala: Ngozi ndi kuvulala ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha kuvulala kwa ubongo. Kuvulala kwa ubongo kungapangitsenso kuti munthu adwale matenda ena a ubongo, monga khunyu ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.
• Zosankha za moyo wosapatsa thanzi: Zinthu monga kudya zakudya zosapatsa thanzi, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusuta fodya, ndi kumwa mowa zapezeka kuti zikugwirizana ndi matenda a sitiroko ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.

Madokotala sakudziwabe chifukwa chake mitundu ina ya matenda a ubongo imayamba. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi 60% ya odwala matenda a khunyu sadziwa chifukwa chake (idiopathic). Ofufuza akupitilizabe kuphunzira za matenda a ubongo awa kuti apeze zomwe zimayambitsa ndi mankhwala.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a ubongo ndi ziti?

Monga mukudziwa, ubongo umalamulira ntchito iliyonse m'thupi lathu. Choncho ngati ubongo wavulala kapena uli ndi matenda, ntchito iliyonse ingakhudzidwe, kutengera mtundu, malo, ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa. Mutha kukumana ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino monga:

• Malungo
• Mutu (makamaka mutu watsopano, woopsa, kapena wosiyana ndi wamba)
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu
• Kusazindikira

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a ubongo amatha kuwonekera ngati kusintha kwa zinthu monga:

• Kulinganiza
• Khalidwe
• Kupuma
• Kugwirizana
• Kuyang'ana kwambiri
• Kukumbukira
• Maganizo
• Kuyenda
• Umunthu
• Kumva ngati dzanzi, kutayika kwa kumverera (monga dzanzi, kutayika kwa kumverera)
• Kulankhula (monga chibwibwi, kuvutika kupeza mawu)
• Mphamvu (makamaka mbali imodzi ya thupi)
• Kumeza
• Masomphenya (monga, masomphenya osawoneka bwino mwadzidzidzi, masomphenya awiri)

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikirozi zomwe sizachilendo, mwadzidzidzi, kapena zikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Musatenge mopepuka.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matenda a ubongo?

Njira zofunika kwambiri pozindikira matenda ndi mbiri yakale ndi kuyezetsa thupi. Pakuyezetsa thupi, cholinga chachikulu chimakhala pa kuyezetsa mitsempha. Izi zikuphatikizapo mayeso omwe amayesa mayendedwe, momwe munthu akumvera, momwe thupi lake limagwirira ntchito, komanso luso lake loganiza. Zomwe zapezeka mu mayesowa zimatsimikizira mayeso ena omwe akufunika.

Mayeso ena angaphatikizepo:

• Kufufuza za khansa: Dokotala amatenga kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu ndikukayesa mu labu. Kufufuza za khansa kumathandiza kudziwa ngati khansa ya muubongo ndi khansa kapena ayi.
• Kuyezetsa matenda: Izi zikuphatikizapo mayeso monga electroencephalogram (EEG), yomwe imayesa ntchito yamagetsi ya ubongo. Palinso mayeso otchedwa evoked potentials testing, omwe amawona momwe zizindikiro za mitsempha zimafalikira ku ubongo.
• Mayeso ojambulira zithunzi: Kujambula zithunzi za CT , MRI , ndi PET scans zimatha kupanga zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za ubongo. Izi zingathandize kuzindikira momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito komanso madera omwe ali ndi matenda kapena kuwonongeka.
• Kuyezetsa kwa mu labotale: Kuyezetsa magazi, mkodzo, ndowe, kapena madzi amsana kungathandize dokotala wanu kumvetsetsa chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro zanu. Kuyezetsa majini kungathenso kuchitika kuti adziwe kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa matenda ena a muubongo.
• Mayeso okhudza kugwira ntchito kwa maganizo: Awa ndi mayeso omwe amachitidwa papepala kapena pa kompyuta. Mayesowa amalola dokotala wanu kuwunika luso lanu lokumbukira, kuganiza, komanso kuthetsa mavuto.

Kodi matenda a ubongo amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Kupatula kupewa matendawa asanayambe, njira zochiritsira zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda.

• Matenda ena amatha kuchiritsidwa (monga kupereka maantibayotiki a meningitis, kapena kuchotsa chotupa).
• Zina zimatha kuchiritsidwa, koma sizichira kwathunthu (monga kupereka mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro za matenda a Parkinson, kapena kupereka mankhwala oletsa khunyu).
• Zina zomwe tiyenera kuzisintha (monga kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo pamavuto ena olinganiza bwino).

Dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

• Uphungu ndi Chithandizo cha Maganizo: Kuthetsa mavuto amisala ndikupereka chithandizo chamaganizo.
• Zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo: Kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda ena, monga matenda a Alzheimer's ndi multiple sclerosis, ndikuletsa kubwereranso kwa sitiroko.
• Mankhwala: Chiritsani matendawa ndikuwongolera zizindikiro zake.
• Opaleshoni ya endovascular yomwe siivuta kwambiri: Konzani mtsempha wamagazi womwe wasweka.
• Kuchiza thupi, ntchito kapena kulankhula: Bwezeretsani luso lomwe latayika.
• Mpumulo: Thandizani ubongo kuchira.
• Opaleshoni: Kuletsa kutuluka magazi mkati, kuchotsa chotupa muubongo, kapena kupewa khunyu.

Kodi matenda a muubongo angapewedwe?

Pali mwambi wakuti, ‘Kupewa matenda kumaposa kuchiza.’ Zimenezo ndi zoonadi.

Matenda a muubongo omwe angapewedwe angapewedwe mwa kudya zakudya zabwino komanso kukhala ndi moyo wochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, kuwongolera matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi , matenda a shuga , ndi cholesterol yambiri , komanso kulandira katemera woteteza matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo ndi mitsempha.

Malangizo awa angathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a ubongo omwe angapewedwe:

• Kutsatira moyo wathanzi: Izi zikuphatikizapo kudya zakudya zabwino ndi mtima,Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupewa kusuta fodya, kuchepetsa kumwa mowa, komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa.
• Kupewa kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma X-ray ndi magwero ena a ma radiation.
• Onetsetsani kuti inu ndi okondedwa anu mwalandira katemera wa Bacterial Meningitis .
• Dziwani zizindikiro zochenjeza za sitiroko ndipo funsani thandizo lachipatala mwamsanga.
• Kuthana ndi matenda osatha monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yambiri, matenda ashuga, ndi kunenepa kwambiri .
• Chepetsani chiopsezo cha kuvulala m'mutu mwa kupewa kugwa, kuvala malamba achitetezo mukamayendetsa galimoto, komanso kuvala zipewa mukamakwera njinga kapena kusewera masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Kukhala wokangalika m'maganizo komanso m'magulu.

Kodi tsogolo lanu ndi lotani ngati mutadwala matenda a ubongo?

Matenda ena a muubongo amatha popanda kuwonongeka kwamuyaya. Ena amatha kutha, koma amatha kusiya kufooka kwina m'maganizo mwanu kapena mwakuthupi. Ena ndi matenda omwe akupita patsogolo kwa moyo wanu wonse. Dokotala wanu adzagwira nanu ntchito kuti akuthandizeni kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu ndikusunga kapena kuyambiranso kugwira ntchito momwe mungathere. Musadandaule, ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso chithandizo, zinthu zambiri zitha kuthetsedwa.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo msanga cha kuvulala kwa ubongo ndi matenda ena. Pitani kuchipatala kukayezetsa ngakhale mutavulala pang'ono pamutu. Komanso, dziwitsani dokotala wanu ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse kwachilendo pa chilichonse mwa izi:

• Khalidwe, malingaliro, kapena umunthu
• Kukumbukira ndi nthawi yoganizira
• Ntchito zakuthupi, kuphatikizapo kuyenda, kulinganiza, ndi kugwirizana
• Kulankhula
• Masomphenya

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za sitiroko, imbani 911 nthawi yomweyo! Izi ndi zosintha zomwe zimachitika mwachangu, popanda kupweteka:

• Kusintha kwa kalankhulidwe (kugwedezeka kapena kusokonezeka) kapena kuvutika kumvetsetsa ena.
• Kuvuta kuona m'maso amodzi kapena onse awiri.
• Mutu waukulu mwadzidzidzi.
• Kulephera kulinganiza bwino zinthu, kugwirizana bwino, kapena kutha kuyenda.
• Kufooka kapena dzanzi pankhope, mkono, kapena mwendo, makamaka mbali imodzi ya thupi.

Kodi uthenga umene tikufuna kutenga kuchokera m'nkhaniyi ndi wotani?

Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda a muubongo. Ena ndi ofala kwambiri, pomwe ena amakhudza anthu ochepa pachaka. Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anani mosamala kuti adziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa zizindikiro zanu ndikukupatsani njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Ngati inu kapena wina m'banja mwanu mwavulala kapena matenda muubongo, tsatirani upangiri wa dokotala wanu wa chithandizo ndi chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali. Chithandizo, mankhwala, kusintha kwa moyo, ndi chithandizo choyenera zingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wodzaza momwe mungathere.Musaiwale kuti thanzi la ubongo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa thanzi lathu lonse! Choncho tiyeni tilisamalire.

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