Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiyani pa kukumbukira kwanu? Tiyeni tiphunzire za matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD)?

Kodi nthawi zina mumaganiza kuti, "O, ndinayiwalanso izi!"? Kuiwala zinthu zazing'ono ndipo nthawi zina kusokonezeka kungakhale kwachibadwa. Komabe, zinthu monga kuiwala pang'onopang'ono komanso kusintha kwa khalidwe kungakhalenso zizindikiro za matenda aakulu. Lero tikambirana za matenda osowa, koma oopsa kwambiri, omwe amakhudza ubongo. Umenewo ndi matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob, kapena CJD monga momwe timatchulira mwachidule.

Kodi CJD uyu ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Taganizirani izi, ubongo wathu ndi makina ovuta kwambiri. Kuti makinawa agwire ntchito bwino, ziwalo zake zazing'ono, zotchedwa maselo, ziyenera kukhala zathanzi. CJD ndi matenda osowa komanso oopsa omwe amawononga pang'onopang'ono maselo athu a ubongo. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi mtundu wosadziwika bwino wa puloteni wotchedwa ``prions`` .

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti 'ma prion' amenewa ndi chiyani. M'thupi lathu, makamaka muubongo, muli zinthu zotchedwa mapuloteni. Izi zili ngati makina ang'onoang'ono, ali ndi mawonekedwe akeake, ndipo pokhapokha ngati ali mu mawonekedwe amenewo ndi pomwe angagwire ntchito yawo bwino. Taganizirani ngati origami. Ngati muwapinda bwino, mutha kupanga nyama yokongola kapena duwa. Koma ngati muwapinda molakwika? Sizigwira ntchito. Umu ndi momwe mapuloteni awa amapinda molakwika. Nthawi zina mapuloteni awa amapinda molakwika. Timatcha mapuloteni opindika molakwika kuti 'ma prion'.

'Ma prion' osokonekerawa amayamba kusonkhana mkati mwa maselo a ubongo. Amasonkhanitsa ndikuwononga maselo amenewo. Zili ngati mulu wa zinyalala zomwe zimasonkhana tsiku lililonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake odwala CJD amakhala ndi zizindikiro za dementia , monga kuiwala kukumbukira ndi kusokonezeka. Akhozanso kusintha khalidwe lawo komanso kuyenda movutikira.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti CJD nthawi zonse imakhala yopha. Palibe mankhwala pakadali pano, ndipo palibe njira yochepetsera kufalikira kwa matendawa. Komabe, pali mankhwala ndi chisamaliro chomwe chingathandize wodwalayo kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuchepetsa ululu.

Uwu ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Padziko lonse lapansi, matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu pafupifupi mmodzi kapena awiri pa anthu miliyoni imodzi chaka chilichonse. Ngakhale m'dziko ngati United States, milandu pafupifupi 350 ya CJD imanenedwa chaka chilichonse.

Pali mtundu umodzi wa izi wotchedwa ``variant CJD`` (kapena ``vCJD``) . Komanso ndi wosowa kwambiri. Umayamba chifukwa chodya nyama ya ng'ombe yomwe ili ndi matenda a ``bovine spongiform encephalopathy`` (BSE), omwe ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ng'ombe.

Kodi zizindikiro za CJD ndi ziti? Tiyeni tiwone kuyambira pachiyambi.

Zizindikiro za CJD nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, pamene matendawa akupitirira, zizindikirozi zimatha kukula mofulumira. Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zazikulu, kuyambira pachiyambi cha matendawa mpaka kumapeto kwake:

• Mavuto a kuiwala ndi kukumbukira:Zimayamba ndi kuiwala zinthu zazing'ono. Zinthu monga dzina la mnzanu, msewu, kapena ntchito yomwe munkagwira. Pang'onopang'ono, izi zimaipiraipira.
• Kusokonezeka ndi kusokonezeka: Simungakumbukire komwe muli, nthawi yanji, kapena amene ali pafupi.
• Kusintha kwa khalidwe ndi umunthu: Simungakhale munthu yemweyo kale. Mungakwiye msanga, kumva chisoni, kapena kutaya mtima konse.
• Mavuto a masomphenya, kuvutika kumvetsetsa zomwe mukuwona: Maso anu amafooka, ndipo simungathe kuzindikira zomwe mukuwona.
• Kuona zinthu molakwika: Kuona kapena kumva zinthu zomwe palibe, kapena kukhala ndi zikhulupiriro zabodza zoti winawake akufuna kukuvulazani.
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwirizana kwa ziwalo (ataxia): Simungathe kuyenda bwino, mukuvutika kulamulira miyendo yanu, ndipo mungagwedezeke ngati munthu woledzera.
• Mavuto okhudza kukhazikika kwa thupi: Kugwa uli chiimire kapena ukuyenda.
• Kupindika kwa minofu kosalamulirika (`myoclonus`) ndi kuuma kwa minofu (`dystonia`): Kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi kwa mkono kapena mwendo, kapena kumva minofu ya thupi ikulimba.
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu: Kungachitike ngati chimfine.
• Kufa ziwalo: Ziwalo zina za thupi zimafa ziwalo.
• Kufooka kwa minofu: Minofu ya thupi imatayika.

Zizindikiro izi zitha kuwoneka chimodzi ndi chimodzi, kapena zingapo zingachitike pamodzi. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwona dokotala mwachangu ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa CJD? Tiyeni tikumbukirenso 'ma prion' amenewo

Monga tafotokozera kale, chifukwa chachikulu cha CJD ndi mapuloteni opindika molakwika otchedwa "prions." Chinthu choopsa kwambiri pa "prions" awa ndichakuti amatha kupindika molakwika ngakhale mapuloteni abwinobwino. Monga momwe apulo imodzi yoyipa ingapangitsire maapulo ena onse kuwonongeka.

Maselo a muubongo sangathe kuchotsa ma 'prion' olakwikawa. Choncho amasonkhana, kenako n’kuwononga maselo a muubongo. Pamene ma 'prion' amenewa akufalikira muubongo wonse, matendawa amakula mofulumira kwambiri.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya CJD?

Inde, pali mitundu ikuluikulu ingapo ya CJD:

• CJD yosakhazikika: Iyi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa CJD. Choyambitsa chenicheni sichikudziwikabe. Chimachitika mwadzidzidzi, popanda chifukwa chodziwika bwino.
• Genetic CJD: Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha jini yolakwika yomwe imabadwa kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi kapena onse awiri. Pali mitundu iwiri ya izi: Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome ndi fatal familial insomnia . Izi ndi zovuta pang'ono, koma ndi matenda enieni.
• CJD Yopezeka (`CJD Yopezeka`):Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, zingachitike kudzera mu kusamutsidwa kwa chiwalo kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi CJD, kusamutsidwa kwa minofu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zochitira opaleshoni zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Masiku ano, pali nkhawa zambiri pankhaniyi.
• Chosintha cha CJD (vCJD): Takambirana kale za izi. Zimayamba chifukwa chodya nyama ya ng'ombe yomwe yadwala matenda amisala a ng'ombe (BSE). Ma prion omwe amayambitsa BSE amatha kudwala anthu komanso nyama zina.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a CJD?

Aliyense akhoza kutenga CJD. Nthawi zina, 'prions' m'thupi lanu imatha kukhalapo kwa zaka zambiri popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Koma zizindikiro zikayamba kuonekera, matendawa amatha kukula msanga chifukwa ubongo umawonongeka.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu azaka zapakati pa 50 ndi 80. Komabe, mtundu wa majini wa CJD nthawi zambiri umapezeka pakati pa zaka 30 ndi 50.

Kodi CJD ndi matenda opatsirana?

Vutoli ndi la anthu ambiri. Matenda a CJD safalikira kudzera mu kugwirana chanza, kulankhulana, kapena kudya limodzi. Njira yokhayo yomwe CJD ingafalitsidwire kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina ndi kudzera mu kusamutsa chiwalo kapena minofu kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi CJD, kapena pogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ena kuchokera kwa munthu amene wakhala akudwala matendawa.

Amati mtundu wotchedwa `vCJD` ukhoza kufalikira kudzera mu kuikidwa magazi, koma zimenezo n’zosowa kwambiri. Matenda otchedwa `vCJD` okha ndi osowa kwambiri.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matenda a CJD?

Dokotala amafufuza matenda a CJD mwa kufufuza mosamala zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zanu. Kuwonjezera pa kuyezetsa thupi, adzakufufuzanso za mitsempha. Adzakufunsani kuti muchite ntchito zosavuta kuti muzindikire mavuto omwe ali ndi ubongo wanu.

Akatswiri amaika CJD mu gulu la 'spongiform encephalopathy' . Ngakhale dzinali lingamveke ngati lovuta pang'ono, limatanthauza momwe ubongo wowonongeka ndi 'prions' umaonekera pansi pa maikulosikopu. Ndiko kuti, umaoneka ngati siponji yokhala ndi ziphuphu.

Kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi CJD, mayeso monga MRI scan kapena spinal tap (kupunthwa kwa lumbar) amachitidwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala angagwiritse ntchito mayeso ngati awa kuti apeze matenda ena omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za CJD komanso kuti afufuze za CJD:

• Kuyezetsa magazi
• Kuyezetsa majini - makamaka kuti muwone ngati mtundu wa chinthucho ndi cholowa m'malo mwake
• Kachipangizo ka electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Kusanthula mkodzo
• Kufufuza ubongo - Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, pokhapokha ngati mayeso ena onse alephera kupereka chidziwitso chotsimikizika.

Kodi pali chithandizo cha CJD?

Mwatsoka, palibe mankhwala, chithandizo, kapena machiritso a CJD. Chinthu chokhacho chomwe madokotala angachite ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa zizindikiro. Izi zimatchedwa chisamaliro chochepetsa ululu .

Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala angaperekedwe pochiza khunyu, kusintha kwa khalidwe, kapena kugwedezeka kwa minofu kosalamulirika. Komabe, ubwino wa mankhwala amenewa ndi wochepa.

Vutoli likhoza kuipiraipira mofulumira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, njira zothandizira inu ndi okondedwa anu ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pamapeto a matendawa, ntchito zothandizira odwala okalamba zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri.

Nthawi zina, ngati mukuyenerera, gulu lanu lachipatala lingakulangizeni kuti mutenge nawo mbali mu mayeso azachipatala omwe akufufuza njira zatsopano zochizira.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a CJD angayembekezere tsogolo lotani?

Popeza matenda a CJD ndi osachiritsika ndipo alibe mankhwala, chiyembekezo cha munthu amene ali ndi matendawa chimakhala choipa kwambiri. Zizindikiro zikayamba, sipatenga nthawi yaitali kuti munthu azitha kugwira ntchito payekha, kuyenda, ndi kulankhula.

Popeza kusintha kungachitike mwachangu kwambiri, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito ndi gulu lanu lachipatala kuti mukonzekere pasadakhale kuti zikhumbo zanu ndi zosowa zanu zikwaniritsidwe. Ndipotu, kaya muli ndi vuto lachipatala kapena ayi, ndi bwino kuti aliyense akhale ndi 'malangizo pasadakhale' . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwalemba kale chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe mukufuna ngati simungathe kufotokoza zomwe mukufuna. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi dongosololi koyambirira kwa matenda omwe akufalikira mofulumira ngati CJD.

Popeza vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndi bwino kufunsa upangiri kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo kuti akuthandizeni inu ndi banja lanu kuthana ndi kusinthaku ndikukhala olimba m'maganizo.

Kodi moyo wa wodwala wa CJD ndi wotani?

Odwala ambiri a CJD amamwalira mkati mwa miyezi ingapo kapena chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene matendawa apezeka. Chosiyana ndi majini a CJD, momwe anthu amatha kukhala ndi moyo kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka khumi zizindikiro zitayamba.

Dokotala wanu angakupatseni chidziwitso chaposachedwa komanso chaposachedwa chokhudza matenda anu. Kumbukirani, ziwerengero sizikhudza aliyense mofanana.

Kodi CJD ingapewedwe?

Mitundu yambiri ya CJD singathe kupewedwa. Yokhayo ndi mtundu wotchedwa `vCJD`. Imachokera ku kudya ng'ombe yomwe ili ndi `BSE` (matenda a ng'ombe openga).

Kuyezetsa ziweto kumathandiza kuti ng'ombe zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ka BSE zisalowe m'gulu la chakudya. Komabe, nyama yosayesedwa komanso yokonzedwa molakwika ikhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo. Kuti mukhale otetezeka, pewani kudya nyama yosayesedwa komanso yosalamulirika, makamaka ziwalo za ubongo kapena mafupa.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Kuzindikira matenda a CJD ndi chinthu chosintha moyo. Zingamveke ngati inu ndi dziko lozungulirani mwapita m'kuphethira kwa diso. Kusintha koteroko kungakhale kovuta kwambiri kwa inu ndi okondedwa anu kuthana nako.

Ngati simukudziwa zomwe mungayembekezere kapena momwe mungachitire, gulu lanu lachipatala lili pano kuti likuthandizeni. Angakuthandizeni kukonzekera pasadakhale ndikukonzekera zomwe zikubwera. Kumbukirani, simuli nokha.

CJD , Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob, prion, matenda a ubongo, matenda a mitsempha, kulephera kukumbukira, matenda a dementia, matenda a ng'ombe amisala