Tangoganizani mukuona munthu wapafupi nanu mwadzidzidzi atataya chidziwitso, thupi lake lonse litawongoka ngati mtengo, ndipo miyendo yake itatsekedwa mwanjira yachilendo... Kodi zimenezo n’zoopsa komanso zopweteka bwanji mtima? Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu kwambiri omwe amadziwika mu sayansi ya zamankhwala. Izi zimatchedwa Decerebrate Posturing. Ngakhale kuti dzinali lingamveke lovuta pang'ono mukalimva, lero tikambirana za izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi Decerebrate Posturing iyi ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, izi si matenda, koma chizindikiro. Pamene ubongo wathu, makamaka ubongo, wawonongeka kwambiri, minofu ya thupi imakhazikika mosadzifunira ndipo thupi limakhala ndi kaimidwe kosayenera. Izi zimatchedwa Decerebrate Posturing. Munthu amene akuona izi angaganize kuti akuchita izi mwadala , koma kwenikweni alibe ulamuliro pa izi.
Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti munthu amene akusonyeza chizindikirochi nthawi zonse amakhala wosazindikira, ali mu chikomokere chachikulu . Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangadzutsidwe polankhula kapena kukhudza. M’chipatala, madokotala amasamala kwambiri za chizindikirochi akamachita mayeso otchedwa Glasgow Coma Scale, omwe amayesa kuopsa kwa wodwala amene ali mu chikomokere.
Umu ndi momwe vutoli limaonekera nthawi zambiri. Lingaoneke mbali imodzi yokha ya thupi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri.
| Chiwalo cha thupi | Chizindikiro chomwe chikuwonetsa |
|---|---|
| Miyendo | Yawongoleredwa kwathunthu ndi kuumitsidwa. |
| Zala zala | Ikuyang'ana kunja kuchokera ku thupi, ikutembenukira pang'ono mkati. |
| Manja | Imagwiridwa molunjika ndi thupi, ikukanikizidwa mwamphamvu mbali zonse ziwiri. Manja amatembenuzidwa mkati, ndipo manja akuyang'ana kunja. |
| Dzanja | Yapindika kuchokera m'thupi. |
| Zala | Chogwiriracho chimapindidwa mkati ngati pilo. |
| Msana | Ikhoza kukhala yopindika kumbuyo komanso yolimba. |
Kodi n’chiyani chikuchititsa vutoli lalikulu?
Monga ndanenera kale, chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kuwonongeka kwa tsinde la ubongo. tsinde la ubongo ndi mlatho womwe umalumikiza ubongo wathu ndi msana. Gawoli limayang'anira njira zofunika kwambiri kuti munthu apulumuke, monga kupuma ndi kugunda kwa mtima. Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwa izi ndi nkhani yaikulu kwambiri.
Nazi zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zingayambitse kufooka kwa minofu:
- Kuvulala kwakukulu pamutu: Kuvulala kwa ubongo koopsa (TBIs) komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu monga ngozi zamagalimoto ndi kugwa.
- Stroke: Kutsekeka kapena kusweka kwa mtsempha wamagazi womwe umapereka magazi ku ubongo.
- Kutuluka magazi muubongo: Kutuluka magazi mkati mwa ubongo (Intracranial Hemorrhage) chifukwa cha zifukwa monga kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Ziphuphu za muubongo: Khansa kapena zotupa zosaopsa zomwe zimakula, makamaka mu tsinde la ubongo.
- Matenda oopsa: Matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo, monga meningitis kapena encephalitis.
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mutu: Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa chigaza chifukwa cha kutupa kwa ubongo.
- Kusowa kwa mpweya muubongo: Kuchepa kwa mpweya muubongo kumachitika pamene mpweya wopita ku ubongo umachepa pazochitika monga kumira kapena matenda a mtima.
- Matenda ena: Matenda monga matenda a Reye ndi Hydrocephalus (kuchuluka kwa madzi muubongo).
Kodi izi zimachiritsidwa bwanji?
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti kuuma kwa thupi kumeneku sikungathe kuchiritsidwa mwachindunji. Madokotala amayesetsa kuchiza matenda omwe amayambitsa vutoli.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati chifukwa chake ndi matenda a muubongo, maantibayotiki adzaperekedwa. Ngati magazi akutuluka muubongo, opaleshoni ingafunike kuti ithetse kapena kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Popeza odwalawa ali ndi chikumbumtima, sangathe kupuma okha. Nthawi ngati zimenezi, amaikidwa mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) ndipo amaikidwa chopumira mpweya.Tili olumikizidwa ndipo timapereka chithandizo chonse chofunikira kuti tipitirize kukhala ndi moyo.
Popeza pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa izi, mankhwala amasiyana. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angafotokoze bwino chithandizo chomwe wodwala wanu adzalandire.
Kodi vutoli lingapewedwe?
Ngakhale sitingathe kuletsa mwachindunji kuoneka kwa matenda obwera chifukwa cha ubongo, tikhoza kudziteteza ku matenda ndi ngozi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa . Ndicho chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe tingachite.
- Valani zida zodzitetezera: Kuvulala kumutu ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha ngozi. Chifukwa chake , valani chisoti moyenera mukakwera njinga ndi njinga zamoto. Mukayenda m'magalimoto, onetsetsani kuti mwavala lamba wachitetezo .
- Thandizani matenda osatha: Ngati muli ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena khunyu, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu, imwani mankhwala anu moyenera, ndipo muwagwiritse ntchito bwino.
- Moyo Wathanzi: Kudya zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kukhala ndi thupi labwino kungathandize kupewa matenda monga sitiroko.
- Pezani chithandizo cha matenda mwachangu: Musangoganiza kuti "palibe vuto" mukalandira matenda m'khutu, mphuno, kapena m'diso. Nthawi zina, matendawa amatha kufalikira ku ubongo ndikuyambitsa matenda aakulu. Chifukwa chake, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikupeza chithandizo.
- Pewani mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa: Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kungawonongenso thanzi la ubongo.
Kodi muyenera kufunsa upangiri wa dokotala liti?
Izi n'zosaganizika.
Ngati muwona munthu atakomoka, minofu yake ikuchepa, ndipo ali pamalo osazolowereka omwe afotokozedwa, ndi vuto lachipatala lofunika kwambiri.
Imbani ambulansi (monga 1990) nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani munthuyo ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) mwachangu momwe mungathere. Musachedwetse kaye.
Ndikudziwa kuti n’zoopsa kwambiri komanso zopweteka mtima kuona munthu amene mumamukonda ali mu mkhalidwe umenewu. Ngakhale pali zochitika zina pomwe anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli sapulumuka, sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa mankhwala amakono, njira zatsopano zatulukira zodziwira ndikuchiza matenda omwe amayambitsa vutoli. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi chiyembekezo ndikugwira ntchito limodzi ndi madokotala.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kukhazikika kwa thupi si matenda, koma chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ubongo.
- Munthu amene amasonyeza khalidwe limeneli nthawi zonse amakhala wosazindikira ndipo ali pachiwopsezo.
- Izi ndi zadzidzidzi zoopsa kwambiri zachipatala. Wodwalayo ayenera kutengedwera nthawi yomweyo ku Chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
- Chithandizo sichimayang'ana mwachindunji momwe thupi limakhalira, koma matenda omwe amayambitsa izi (monga sitiroko, kuvulala mutu).
- Njira monga kupewa kuvulala mutu ndi kusamalira matenda osatha zingachepetse chiopsezo cha vutoli.
👩🏽⚕️ Mafunso ena (Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri)
💬 Mapiritsi a Ambrisentan (Ambrisentan / Letairis) ndi mankhwala apadera kwambiri omwe amaperekedwa pa matenda ati?
Iyi si mankhwala wamba! Iyi ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri a Endothelin Receptor Antagonist (ERA) omwe amamasula mitsempha yamagazi mumtima ndi m'mapapo, matenda oopsa omwe mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imanyamula magazi kuchokera mumtima kupita m'mapapo imachepa/kuuma, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa mitsempha kumakhala kokwera kwambiri kotero kuti kumatha kuphulika! Izi ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa Bosentan, ndipo sizivulaza chiwindi.
💬 Mitsempha ya magazi yopita ku mapapo ikatsekedwa ndipo mukufa, mumamwa bwanji mapiritsi awa (Ambrisentan) kuti muwonjezere mitsempha?
Mitsempha yamagazi m'mapapo imalamulidwa kuti ichepetsedwe ndi mankhwala amphamvu m'thupi lathu otchedwa 'Endothelin-1'! Piritsi ili likalowa m'magazi, limatseka (mosankha kwambiri) malo okhawo omwe mankhwalawo amatha kumangirira/kukanikiza batani la zomangira mitsempha yamagazi (ETA receptors). Popeza ma receptors ena (ETB) amatsegulidwa, mankhwala omwe amamasula mitsempha yamagazi amalowa, ndipo mitsempha yonse m'mapapo imamasuka bwino (Vasodilation) ndipo wodwalayo amachira.
💬 Kodi ndi 'zoopsa zoopsa' ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa (Machenjezo a Black Box) zomwe akazi omwe akumwa mankhwalawa (Ambrisentan) ayenera kudziwa?
Choopsa chachikulu ndichakuti izi ndizoletsedwa kwa 'Amayi apakati'! Ngati mwana wabadwa akumwa izi, mwanayo adzakhala ndi mawonekedwe opunduka (Teratogenic / Birth defects) ndipo adzafa mkati (chifukwa chake, njira ziwiri zolerera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito)! Chotsatira china chachikulu ndichakuti izi zimayambitsa kutupa kwakukulu kwa thupi lonse/akakolo (Severe Fluid Retention / Peripheral Edema).











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