Kodi tikudziwa bwino za matenda a shuga otchedwa Coma?

Mungakumbukire munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga, mwina wachibale kapena bwenzi. Nthawi zina timamva za anthu otere mwadzidzidzi atataya chidziwitso, osatha kulankhula, ndipo nthawi zina kugwa. Uwu ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso oopsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, lero taganiza zolankhula za matenda awa omwe angayambitsidwe ndi matenda a shuga, kapena monga momwe madokotala amatchulira, `(Kukomoka Kokhudzana ndi Matenda a Shuga)`. Kudziwa izi bwino kudzatithandiza kusamalira okondedwa athu.

Kodi chikomokere chokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga n'chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, matenda a shuga ndi vuto lalikulu, lomwe limakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chomwe chimachitika pamene shuga m'magazi mwathu yakwera kwambiri (hyperglycemia) kapena yatsika kwambiri (hypoglycemia). "Coma" ndi mkhalidwe wosazindikira konse, monga kugona tulo tofa nato, ndipo sungathe kudzutsidwa ndi mawu. Komabe, akadali ndi moyo ngakhale atataya chidziwitso. Uwu ndi mkhalidwe womwe umafuna chithandizo chamankhwala chadzidzidzi.

Pali zifukwa zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zomwe munthu wodwala matenda a shuga angagwere mu chikomokere. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

1. Mkhalidwe wa Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic (HHS)

2. Ketoacidosis Yokhudzana ndi Matenda a Shuga (DKA)

3. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia)

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za chilichonse mwa izi mwatsatanetsatane, chabwino?

1. Kodi Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) ndi chiyani?

Matendawa, otchedwa HHS, amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2. Amayamba pamene shuga m'magazi mwanu (shuga) wakwera kwambiri (nthawi zambiri kuposa 600 mg/dL) kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zingayambitse thupi lanu kutaya madzi ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lisamathe madzi ambiri, kusokonezeka, ndi zizindikiro zina. Ngati simulandira chithandizo mwachangu, zingayambitse chikomokere.

2. Kodi matenda a shuga otchedwa Ketoacidosis (DKA) ndi chiyani?

Matenda otchedwa ``DKA'' nawonso ndi oopsa. Amakhudza kwambiri anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 (amatha kukhudza anthu omwe ali nawo kale, komanso omwe sakudziwa kuti ali nawo). Komabe, nthawi zina amatha kufalikiranso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2.

DKA imachitika thupi lanu likakhala kuti mulibe insulin yokwanira (yachilengedwe kapena yotengedwa kuchokera kunja). Monga mukudziwa, insulin ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti shuga m'magazi mwathu, shuga, ilowe m'maselo athu ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu. Choncho insulin ikasowa kapena yosakwanira, thupi limayamba kuswa mafuta kuti likhale ndi mphamvu. Mafuta akasweka, mankhwala otchedwa ketones amatulutsidwa m'magazi.

Pamene kuchuluka kwa `(ma ketones)` m'thupi la munthu wodwala matenda a shuga kukukwera, magazi pang'onopang'ono amakhala `(acid).` Ngati izi sizikuthandizidwa pa nthawi yake, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi chikomokere. Mulingo wa shuga m'magazi mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi `(DKA)` nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera kuposa 250 mg/dL. Koma kumbukirani, chifukwa chachikulu cha `(DKA)` ndi kusowa kwa `(insulin)` ndi kuwonjezeka kwa `(ma ketones)`, osati shuga m'magazi okha. Anthu ena odwala matenda a shuga amatha kudutsa `(DKA)` ngakhale shuga wawo uli wokwera kuposa 250 mg/dL.

3. Kodi hypoglycemia yoopsa ndi chiyani?

Ichi ndi chifukwa chachitatu. Ngati shuga m'magazi atsika pansi pa 40 mg/dL, amaonedwa kuti ndi vuto lalikulu la ``hypoglycemia```. Izi ndizoopsa kwambiri pa moyo.

Mukudziwa, gwero lalikulu la mphamvu m'thupi lathu makamaka ubongo ndi `(shuga)`. Choncho shuga ikachepa m'magazi, thupi silingagwire ntchito bwino. Ngati shuga ikatsika pansi pa 40 mg/dL, monga tafotokozera, mutha kusintha m'thupi lanu ndi m'maganizo mwanu, zomwe zingakupangitseni kuti musathe kuchita chilichonse. Ngati vuto lalikulu la `(hypoglycemia)` silinachiritsidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, mutha kukhala ndi chikomokere.

Matenda oopsa a hypoglycemia amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe amamwa insulin ya matenda a shuga kapena mitundu ina ya mapiritsi a shuga monga sulfonylureas.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga ndi ziti? Kodi timazizindikira bwanji?

Pali zizindikiro zitatu zazikulu za coma:

• Kusazindikira: Zili ngati kugona tulo tatikulu kwambiri. Kaya mulankhule bwanji, n'zovuta kwambiri, pafupifupi zosatheka, kukudzutsani.
• Kusayankha bwino kwa maso: Maso amakhalabe otsekedwa. Palibe yankho lomwe limabuka munthu akatsegula maso ake. Komabe, nthawi zina maso amakhala ndi mayankho ena omveka bwino ngati kuwala.
• Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi: Palibe kuyenda modzidzimutsa . Komabe, pali kuyenda kwina kodzidzimutsa komwe kungachitike.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zomwe zimawonekera musanagone mu `(DKA)`, `(HHS)` ndi `(hypoglycemia)` zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Ngati muzindikira izi msanga, mutha kupewa ngozi yayikulu.

Zizindikiro zomwe zingayambitse chikomokere mu DKA:

• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kuwawa kwam'mimba.
• Kupuma mofulumira komanso mozama (madokotala amatcha izi "Kussmaul kupuma"). Kungakhale mu kamvekedwe kamodzi.
• Mpweya umakhala ngati fungo la zipatso.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri komanso kufooka.
• Kumva kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kusokonezeka.
• Kuchepa kwa tcheru.

Zizindikiro zomwe zingayambitse chikomokere mu mkhalidwe wa `(HHS)`:

• Kusintha kwa maganizo: chisokonezo, kusokonezeka maganizo, kuona zinthu m'maganizo.
• Zili ngati kuti mwatsala pang'ono kutaya chikumbumtima.
• Pakamwa pouma komanso ludzu lochuluka (polydipsia).
• Kukodza pafupipafupi.
• Kusawona bwino kapena kutayika kwa masomphenya.
• Kusanza, nthawi zina kwambiri mbali imodzi ya thupi.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha hypoglycemia yayikulu zikuphatikiza:

• Kuona zinthu molakwika kapena kuona zinthu ziwiri.
• Kusokoneza mawu pamene mukulankhula.
• Kutaya kulinganiza bwino zinthu komanso kuvutika kuchita zinthu.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo.
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu kumakhala ngati kugwidwa ndi khunyu.

Ngati muwona zizindikiro zilizonsezi, musanyalanyaze. Ndi bwino kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi timatani ngati wina wataya chikumbumtima chifukwa cha matenda a shuga? (Thandizo loyamba)

Tangoganizirani kuti munthu m'dera lanu wataya mwadzidzidzi chidziwitso chifukwa cha matenda a shuga. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite:

• Imbani 1990 nthawi yomweyo ndipo pitani ambulansi. Ngati mukudziwa kuti munthuyo ali ndi matenda a shuga, uzaninso woyendetsa wa 1990.
• Musawapatse chakudya kapena chakumwa. Angatsamwitsidwe.
• Mosamala mutembenuzireni munthuyo cham'mbali kuti malovu kapena kusanza zisatseke njira yopumira.
• Mpaka ambulansi ikafike, tsatirani malangizo operekedwa ndi woyendetsa galimoto wa 1990.

Ngati zachitika bwino, izi zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri populumutsa moyo wa munthuyo.

N’chifukwa chiyani matenda a shuga amachititsa kuti munthu asadziwe zambiri? (Zifukwa zake n’zosavuta)

Monga tafotokozera kale, pali zifukwa zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga, sichoncho?

• Mkhalidwe wa hyperosmolar hyperglycemic `(HHS)`.
• Matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis (DKA).
• Kutsika kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia).

Matenda a HHS ndi DKA onse ndi matenda omwe madzi m'thupi amachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamathenso madzi m'thupi. Kusowa madzi m'thupi kumeneku kungayambitse chikomokere.

Kumbali ina, mu hypoglycemia yayikulu, ubongo sulandira kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe umafunikira. Shuga ndi wofunikira kuti ubongo ugwire ntchito bwino. Ukatha, ubongo "umatseka" ndipo ukhoza kukhala ndi chikomokere. Mwamva zimenezo?

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga?

Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a shuga (ngakhale amene sanazindikire matenda a shuga) ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Komabe, chiopsezochi chimasiyana pang'ono kutengera mtundu wa matenda a shuga:

• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala chikomokere, kaya chifukwa cha DKA kapena hypoglycemia yayikulu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amafunika insulin nthawi zonse ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwawo kumasinthasintha kwambiri kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chikomokere chifukwa cha HHS kuposa DKA kapena hypoglycemia yayikulu.

Kodi zinthu zina zoopsa ndi ziti?

Kuwonjezera pa zinthu izi, zinthu zina zingawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga:

• Kudwala matenda ena.
• Kuchitidwa opaleshoni.
• Kuvulala kwakuthupi (Kuvulala).
• Mavuto ndi njira yoperekera insulin (monga cholembera cha insulin, kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa pampu).
• Kuiwala, kudumpha, kapena kumwa insulin yochuluka.
• Kusasamalira matenda a shuga moyenera (monga kusayang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi tsiku lililonse, kusamwa mankhwala moyenera).
• `(Kusadziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi)` (kutanthauza kusadziwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga wotsika m'magazi).
• Kumwa mowa.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matenda a shuga?

Chikomokere cha matenda a shuga ndi vuto ladzidzidzi lomwe limafuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi. Aliyense amene ali pachikomokere amafunika kugonekedwa kuchipatala.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amatha kuzindikira msanga matenda a shuga mwa kutenga mbiri yanu yachipatala, kuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (kuyeza shuga m'magazi), ndikuchita mayeso ena kuti aone ngati muli ndi ketones komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga azivala chibangili kapena mkanda woteteza ku matenda. Pakagwa ngozi, madokotala amatha kuwona ndi kupanga zisankho mwachangu. Ndikofunikanso kuuza achibale anu, anzanu, ndi anzanu akuntchito kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga. Mwanjira imeneyi, amadziwa zomwe angachite pakagwa ngozi.

Kodi mumalandira bwanji chithandizo cha matenda a shuga?

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimasiyana malinga ndi chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa , koma kugonekedwa kuchipatala nthawi zonse ndikofunikira.

Chithandizo cha chikomokere chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi `(DKA)` kapena `(HHS):

• Madzi a m'magazi (IV fluids): Izi zimaperekedwa kuti zithetse vuto la kusowa madzi m'thupi komanso kusalingana kwa ma electrolyte.
• Insulini: Gulu lachipatala lingakupatseni insulini kudzera mu IV kapena ngati jakisoni wopangidwa pansi pa khungu.
• Mankhwala ena: Mankhwala ena angaperekedwe kuti akuthandizeni kuchira. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuchiza matenda aliwonse omwe angayambitse shuga m'magazi.

Chithandizo cha chikomokere chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha hypoglycemia yayikulu:

• Glucagon yadzidzidzi:Uwu ndi mtundu wopangidwa wa hormone ya glucagon. Itha kuperekedwa ndi wokondedwa kapena dokotala ngati jakisoni kapena ngati mankhwala opopera m'mphuno (kutengera mtundu wake). Glucagon yopangidwa imagwira ntchito potulutsa shuga wosungidwa m'chiwindi, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Chofunika kwambiri: Ngakhale munthu wapafupi nanu atakupatsani `(glucagon)`, muyeneradi kulandira chithandizo kuchipatala. Ayenera kukupatsani `(glucagon)` ndikuyimbira 1990 nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati mavuto ena achitika, monga kulephera kwa ziwalo, angafunikenso chithandizo chamankhwala chowonjezera.

Kodi tingatani kuti tipewe matenda a shuga?

Kuti mupewe matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za hypoglycemia (DKA), hypoglycemia (HHS), ndi hypoglycemia. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zomwe mungachite kuti muchiritse matendawa asanafike pachimake.

Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati:

• Ngati shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi 300 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo kawiri motsatizana popanda chifukwa chomveka.
• Ngati shuga wanu m'magazi mwatsika (osakwana 70 mg/dL) ndipo subwerera mwakale mutayesa katatu kulandira chithandizo (monga mapiritsi a shuga, zakumwa zotsekemera), imbani dokotala wanu kapena 911 nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi munthu angapulumuke chifukwa cha matenda a shuga? Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse za nthawi yayitali?

Inde, chikomokere cha matenda a shuga chingapewedwe ngati chomwe chikuyambitsa matendawa chithandizidwa mwachangu. Komabe, anthu ena amathanso kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kosatha. Ngati salandira chithandizo mwachangu komanso moyenera, imfa imatha kuchitika.

Chiŵerengero cha imfa cha DKA chili pakati pa 0.2% ndi 2.5%. Anthu amene ali ndi chikomokere, amakhala ndi hypothermia, komanso amakhala ndi mkodzo wochepa (oliguria) amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa kwambiri.

Pafupifupi 20% ya anthu omwe ali ndi HHS amafa chifukwa cha vutoli. Anthu omwe ali ndi chikomokere ndi/kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhala ndi vuto loipa.

Kodi mungakhale nthawi yayitali bwanji muli ndi matenda a shuga?

Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mumakhala mu chikomokere cha matenda a shuga kumadalira kwambiri momwe mumapezera chithandizo choyenera mwachangu. Njira yokhayo yothetsera chikomokere chotere ndikubwezeretsa shuga m'magazi ndi insulin yanu kukhala yathanzi. Izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati pali thandizo la akatswiri azachipatala. Munthu yemwe ali mu chikomokere cha matenda a shuga sangabwererenso ku chikumbumtima chake yekha.

Ngati munthu amene ali ndi chikomokere choterechi salandira chithandizo pa nthawi yake, akhoza kufa. "Pakapita nthawi" zimasiyana malinga ndi vuto ndi munthu. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupeza thandizo mwachangu.

Mwachidule, nazi zinthu zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba):

Ngakhale kuti matenda a shuga ndi oopsa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amatha kupewedwa.

• Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti,Dziwani zizindikiro zochenjeza za `(DKA)`, `(HHS)` ndi shuga wotsika m'magazi ndipo chitanipo kanthu mwachangu mukaziona.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za vutoli, imbani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
• Mavuto a matenda a shuga ndi owopsa kwambiri, koma kukhala odziwa bwino ndi okonzeka ndiyo njira yabwino yopewera mavutowa.
• Musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso aliwonse okhudza kuthana ndi matenda anu a shuga kapena mavuto awa. Thanzi lanu ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa inu.

Matenda a Shuga, Chikomokere, DKA, HHS, Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, Shuga m'magazi, Insulini, Thandizo Loyamba, Mavuto a Shuga, Kutaya Kukumbukira