Antchito ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu: Zimene muyenera kudziwa zokhudza ma enzyme!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe chakudya chomwe timadya, mwachitsanzo mbale ya mpunga, chimapatsa thupi lathu mphamvu? Kapena pamene tikupuma, pamene minofu yathu ikukula, za anzathu ang'onoang'ono koma amphamvu kwambiri omwe ali kumbuyo kwa zonsezi? Anzathu amenewo amatchedwa ma enzyme . Awa ali ngati antchito ang'onoang'ono osaoneka m'mafakitale mkati mwa matupi athu, omwe nthawi zonse amatithandiza kukhala ndi moyo.

Kodi ma enzyme ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Ma enzyme ndi mtundu wa mapuloteni . Amathandiza kufulumizitsa zochita za mankhwala m'thupi lathu, zomwe zimatchedwa metabolism . Tangoganizani, ma enzyme amenewa amafunika kuti apange zinthu zina ndikuwononga zina. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, zamoyo zonse zili ndi ma enzyme!

Matupi athu amapanga ma enzyme mwachilengedwe. Timapezanso ma enzyme kuchokera muzakudya zina zomwe timadya komanso zinthu zina zopangidwa.

Ndiye, kodi ma enzyme amenewa amapereka chithandizo chotani ku thupi?

Ntchito imodzi yofunika kwambiri ya ma enzymes ndi kuthandiza kugaya chakudya . Kugaya chakudya ndi njira yomwe chakudya chomwe timadya chimasandutsidwira mphamvu. Taganizirani izi, tili ndi ma enzyme m'malovu athu, kapamba, matumbo, ndi m'mimba.

Mwachitsanzo, mukamadya mpunga, ma enzyme amathandiza kuswa sitachi yomwe ili mmenemo kukhala shuga. Ma enzyme amapezekanso kuti agaye chakudya chamafuta kapena cholemera mapuloteni monga mphodza. Izi zimaswa mafuta, mapuloteni, ndi chakudya m'zidutswa zazing'ono zomwe thupi lingathe kuyamwa. Kenako thupi limagwiritsa ntchito michere imeneyi kuti likule komanso kuti maselo azitha kuchira.

Kuwonjezera pa kugaya chakudya, ma enzyme amathandiza ndi zinthu zina zambiri:

• Kupuma: Inde, enzyme iyi imagwira ntchito tikamapuma.
• Kukula kwa minofu: Thupi limafunikanso thandizo la ma enzyme kuti limange minofu.
• Kuti mitsempha igwire bwino ntchito: Izi ndizofunikira kuti mitsempha yathu igwire bwino ntchito.
• Kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi: Ma enzyme amathandizanso kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza, zomwe ndi poizoni , zomwe zimasonkhana m'thupi lathu.

Kodi pali mitundu ina ya ma enzyme?

Inde! Pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya ma enzyme m'thupi lathu. Chinthu chapadera ndichakuti, mtundu uliwonse wa enzyme uli ndi ntchito imodzi yokha yoti uchite . Zili ngati pali akatswiri osiyana pa ntchito iliyonse.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Enzyme ya Sucrase imagwira ntchito yongophwanya shuga wa sucrose.
• Lactase ndi enzyme yomwe imaphwanya shuga wa lactose womwe umapezeka mu mkaka. Anthu ena amavutika m'mimba akamamwa mkaka chifukwa chosowa enzyme iyi.

Nazi zina mwa mitundu yofunika kwambiri ya ma enzymes m'chimbudzi chathu:

• Chakudya Chopatsa Mphamvu: Izi zimaswa chakudya (zinthu monga sitachi) kukhala shuga.
• Lipase:Izi zimagawa mafuta (zinthu monga mafuta) kukhala mafuta acids.
• Mapuloteni: Izi zimaswa mapuloteni kukhala ma amino acid.

Kodi enzyme imagwira ntchito bwanji? Kodi ziwalo zake ndi ziti?

Zosavuta kwambiri. Enzyme iliyonse ili ndi malo otchedwa "malo ogwirira ntchito." Izi zili ngati mawonekedwe apadera pa enzyme. Chinthu chomwe enzyme imagwira ntchito chimatchedwa "substrate." Substrate iyi ilinso ndi mawonekedwe akeake apadera.

Taganizirani ngati kiyi ndi bowo la kiyi. Ngati enzyme ndi bowo la kiyi, substrate ndiye kiyi yomwe imayigwirizana bwino. Pokhapokha ngati ziwirizi zikugwirizana bwino ndi pomwe enzymeyo ingagwire ntchito. Mwanjira ina, monga momwe mungayikire kiyi mu bowo la kiyi, chitseko chimatseguka, momwe mankhwala amachitira zinthu zimachitika pamene substrate imamangirira pamalo omwe akugwira ntchito.

Kodi kutentha ndi pH zimakhudza bwanji ma enzyme?

Kuti ma enzyme agwire ntchito bwino, amafunika kukhala ndi malo oyenera . Ngati malowo sali bwino, mawonekedwe a ma enzyme amatha kusintha. Kenako kiyi ndi kiyi sizigwirizana bwino, ndipo ma enzymewo sagwira ntchito.

Enzyme iliyonse ili ndi kutentha kwake ndi pH yake yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.

• pH: Iyi ndi njira yodziwira momwe chinthu chilili ndi asidi kapena alkaline. Ma enzyme ndi osavuta kumva izi. Ngati chilengedwe chili ndi asidi wambiri kapena alkaline kwambiri, ma enzymewo sangagwire ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, enzyme ya pepsin m'mimba mwathu imathandiza kuswa mapuloteni. Ngati m'mimba mulibe asidi wokwanira, pepsin singagwire ntchito bwino.
• Kutentha: Ma enzyme amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa thupi lathu, komwe kuli pafupifupi madigiri Celsius 37 (98.6°F). Kutentha kukakwera, ma enzyme amachita mofulumira. Komabe, kutentha kukakwera kwambiri, ma enzyme amasiya kugwira ntchito. Ndicho chifukwa chake tikamatentha kwambiri, ntchito za thupi lathu zimachepa. Ma enzymewa satha kulamulira.

Ndi matenda ati omwe angayambitsidwe ndi mavuto a ma enzyme?

Nthawi zina, ngati matupi athu alibe enzyme inayake yokwanira , matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya amatha kuchitika. Zina mwa izi zimatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana kudzera m'majini (monga cholowa).

Zina mwa matenda obadwa nawo a metabolic ndi awa:

• Matenda a Fabry: Mu mkhalidwe uwu, thupi silingathe kupanga enzyme ya alpha-galactosidase A, yomwe imafunika kuti iwononge mafuta (lipids).
• Matenda a Krabbe (globoid cell leukodystrophy): Izi zimakhudza chitetezo chozungulira maselo amitsempha, otchedwa myelin , ndi ma enzyme ofunikira. Zimakhudza Central Nervous System .
• Matenda a mkodzo wa manyuchi a maple: Izi zikuphatikizapo zinaMa enzyme ofunikira kuswa ma amino acid a unyolo wozungulira amakhudzidwa.

Kuphatikiza pa izi, palinso matenda ena omwe angayambitsidwe ndi kusalinganika kwa ma enzyme:

• Matenda a Crohn: Kusalinganika kwa mabakiteriya m'matumbo mwathu (gut microbiome) kungayambitse chitetezo chamthupi m'matumbo. Izi zingakhudze mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa.
• Kulephera kwa Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI): Izi zimachitika pamene kapamba wanu sapanga ma enzyme okwanira ogaya chakudya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simungathe kugawa bwino chakudya kapena kuyamwa michere. EPI ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda monga kapamba wosatha , khansa ya kapamba , matenda a shuga, kapena cystic fibrosis .
• Kusagwirizana ndi lactose: Vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa enzyme (lactase) yofunikira kugaya lactose, shuga wopezeka mu mkaka ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mkaka. Anthu ambiri amakumana ndi zizindikiro monga kudzimbidwa ndi mpweya akamwa mkaka.

Kodi mayeso a enzyme amazindikira bwanji matenda?

Dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito mayeso a magazi kuti aone ngati pali matenda enaake, monga kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes a chiwindi, zomwe zingakhale chizindikiro cha matenda a chiwindi .

Kodi ndiyenera kumwa ma enzymes owonjezera?

Kawirikawiri, munthu amene alibe matenda aakulu ndipo amadya zakudya zabwino amakhala ndi ma enzyme okwanira m'thupi lake.

Komabe, ngati muli ndi vuto linalake la thanzi (monga EPI), dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mumwe mankhwala owonjezera a enzyme. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi EPI amamwa mapiritsi a enzyme yogaya chakudya asanadye. Izi zimathandiza matupi awo kuyamwa michere kuchokera muzakudya.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti nthawi zonse muyenera kufunsa upangiri kwa dokotala musanamwe mankhwala enaake a enzyme. Si bwino kugwiritsa ntchito izi nokha.

Kodi mankhwala angakhudze kuchuluka kwa ma enzyme?

Inde, mankhwala ena angayambitse kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa ma enzyme.

• Mwachitsanzo, maantibayotiki amatha kupha mabakiteriya abwino omwe amafunikira kuti ma enzyme ena agwire ntchito bwino. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zina maantibayotiki amayambitsa kusokonezeka m'mimba ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Akapha mabakiteriya oipa omwe amayambitsa matenda, amaphanso mabakiteriya abwino omwe amathandiza kugaya chakudya.
• Ma Statins (mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol) amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes a chiwindi ndi minofu, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kapena minofu.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti chifukwa cha vuto la ma enzyme?

N'zosatheka kudziwa bwinobwino ngati muli ndi vuto la enzyme popanda kuyezetsa magazi. Komabe, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kutupa kapena mpweya
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Kutopa pafupipafupi
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino
• Kuchepa kwa magazi (kusowa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi)
• Kutuluka magazi m'mimba

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Ma enzyme ndi othandiza ang'onoang'ono, koma amphamvu omwe amathandizira machitidwe a biochemical m'thupi lathu. Amathandiza pa chilichonse kuyambira kupuma mpaka kugaya chakudya. Kuchepa kwa enzyme kapena kuchuluka kwake kungayambitse mavuto azaumoyo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake osatha angafunike kumwa ma enzyme owonjezera kuti matupi awo azigwira ntchito bwino. Komabe, izi ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuyang'anira.

Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kapena mafunso, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala. Ntchito ya ma enzymes ndi yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathanzi!

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