Kodi munayamba mwawonapo munthu mwadzidzidzi akugwidwa ndi "kufooka"? Aliyense amachita mantha akaona zinthu monga kugwedezeka kwa thupi ndi kutaya chidziwitso, sichoncho? Nthawi zambiri timatcha vutoli khunyu. Ndiye, khunyu ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Nchifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika? Kodi ndizoopsa? Lero tikambirana zonsezi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi n’chiyani kwenikweni chimachitika mkati mwa ubongo?
Kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chaching'ono. Tangoganizani kuti ubongo wathu uli ngati dongosolo lamagetsi m'nyumba. Maselo (ma neuron) mu ubongo amatumizirana mauthenga kudzera mu zizindikiro zazing'ono zamagetsi. Chilichonse chimachitika mwadongosolo komanso mozungulira.
Komabe, mu ubongo wa munthu amene ali ndi khunyu, njira yolumikizirana yamagetsi iyi mwadzidzidzi 'imafupikitsa ma circuits'. Maselo m'dera limodzi kapena angapo a ubongo mwadzidzidzi amayamba kuwombera mosalamulirika, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zamagetsi zambiri. Monga mphepo yamkuntho. Pamenepo ndi pomwe timakhala ndi vuto lotchedwa khunyu . Kusokonezeka kwa magetsi kumeneku kumapangitsa munthu kutaya chikumbumtima, kugwedezeka, ndikusintha khalidwe.
Mwachidule, khunyu si matenda okha. Ndi matenda osatha omwe amapezeka mu ntchito zamagetsi muubongo. Khunyu kamodzi sizitanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi khunyu. Ngati pali nthawi zina za khunyu, ikhoza kukhala khunyu.
Ndi mitundu iti ya khunyu yomwe ilipo?
Ambiri a ife tikamaganiza za 'kukomoka', timaganiza za vuto lalikulu lomwe timagwa pansi, kugwedezeka, ndi kutulutsa madzi. Koma kodi mukudziwa kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya khunyu? Izi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: limodzi limadalira komwe khunyu imayambira muubongo.
| Gulu la kulanda | Kufotokozera ndi zizindikiro |
|---|---|
| 1. Kugwidwa ndi Matenda Oopsa | Izi zimayambira pamalo enaake mbali imodzi ya ubongo. Palinso mitundu iwiri ya izi. Kugwidwa ndi Focal Aware: • Pa nthawiyi, wodwalayo amakhala kuti wadziwa bwino zinthu ndipo amatha kumva zinthu zomwe zikuchitika momuzungulira. • Kumva kuwawa, monga m'dzanja limodzi kapena mwendo umodzi. • Mwadzidzidzi mukumva fungo kapena kukoma kwachilendo. • Kumva ngati mukuona kuwala pamaso panu, chizungulire. Kugwidwa ndi Kuzindikira kwa Focal Disabilities: • Pa nthawiyi, mungataye nzeru pang'ono, kapena kusadziwa zomwe zikukuzungulirani. • Kuyang'ana mopanda kanthu. • Kubwerezabwereza zinthu zomwezo mobwerezabwereza, monga kukhudza milomo, kukanda manja, kapena kuphethira maso. |
| 2. Kugwidwa ndi khunyu komwe kumafalikira muubongo nthawi imodzi (Kugwidwa ndi khunyu komwe kumafala nthawi zonse) | Izi zimakhudza mbali zonse ziwiri za ubongo nthawi imodzi. Mitundu yomwe timaiona nthawi zambiri imakhala m'gululi. Kugwidwa ndi Khunyu: • Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kwa ana aang'ono. Mwadzidzidzi amasiya zomwe akuchita kwa masekondi angapo ndikuyang'ana mopanda chidwi. Zili ngati apita kudziko la maloto. Anthu ambiri amalakwitsa izi ngati kulota masana. Matenda a Tonic-Clonic: • Ichi ndi 'choyenera' chomwe tonse timachidziwa (dzina lakale la Grand Mal). • Mwadzidzidzi, mumataya chidziwitso ndipo mumagwa pansi. Choyamba, thupi lanu limauma (Tonic phase), kenako thupi lanu limayamba kugwedezeka (Clonic phase). • Kutuluka kwa lilime, kutulutsa madzi m'thupi, ndi mkodzo/ndowe pa zovala zingachitike. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatenga mphindi 1-5. Matenda a Atonic Khunyu: • Izi zimatchedwanso 'Kugwidwa ndi Chinyezi'. Minofu ya thupi imataya mphamvu mwadzidzidzi ndipo umagwa pansi, ngati chidole chokhala ndi chingwe chosweka. Matenda a Myoclonic Khunyu: • Kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi kwa mkono, mwendo, kapena thupi lonse, ngati kuti kwagundidwa ndi mphezi. Izi zimatenga nthawi yochepa, pafupifupi sekondi imodzi kapena ziwiri. |
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khunyu?
Munthu amene ali ndi khunyu nthawi zina samakhala ndi khunyu nthawi zonse. Koma zinthu zina zimatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi khunyu. Izi timazitcha kuti zoyambitsa khunyu . Izi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu.
- Kusiya kumwa mankhwala: Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu. Ngati simumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wakupatsani pa nthawi yake, pali mwayi waukulu woti mudwale khunyu.
- Kusagona mokwanira: Zinthu monga kusagona mokwanira komanso kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso zingakhudze ubongo.
- Kupsinjika Maganizo: Kukomoka kumathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu monga kupanikizika kwambiri komanso nkhawa.
- Matenda ndi malungo: Matenda akalowa m'thupi ndipo malungo ayamba, ntchito ya ubongo imatha kusintha.
- Kuwala kowala: Magetsi owala, masewera ena apakanema, ndi mapulogalamu apa TV zingakhudze anthu ena.
- Mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo:Kumwa mowa, makamaka panthawi yosiya kumwa mowa, kungayambitse khunyu.
- Kusintha kwa mahomoni mwa akazi: Azimayi ena amakumana ndi khunyu chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusamba kwawo.
- Mankhwala ena: Mankhwala ena a chimfine ndi ziwengo (monga omwe ali ndi diphenhydramine) akhoza kuletsedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mutu waching'alang'ala.
Kodi zimayambitsa mutu waching'alang'ala ndi chiyani?
Nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 70% ya milandu, palibe chifukwa chenicheni chomwe chimayambitsa mutu waching'alang'ala. Komabe, pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zadziwika.
- Majini: Ngati wina m'banjamo ali ndi mutu waching'alang'ala, pali chiopsezo chochepa choti enanso adzadwala mutu waching'alang'ala. Koma sizikutanthauza kuti adzadwala mutu waching'alang'ala.
- Kuvulala Mutu: Kuvulala mutu kwambiri, monga ngozi ya galimoto kapena kugwa, kungawononge ubongo ndikupangitsa kuti munthu agone.
- Matenda a muubongo: Matendawa angayambitsidwe ndi matenda monga encephalitis ndi meningitis, omwe amawononga ubongo.
- Matenda a Stroke ndi Ubongo: Pamene magazi akupita ku ubongo asokonekera chifukwa cha sitiroko kapena pamene chotupa cha mu ubongo chikukula, maselo a mu ubongo amatha kuwonongeka ndipo khunyu ingayambe.
- Mavuto obadwa nawo: Chikuku chingayambitsidwenso ndi kusowa kwa mpweya muubongo pobadwa, kapena ndi mavuto ena okhudza kukula kwa ubongo.
Kodi izi zimazindikirika bwanji?
Ngati muli ndi khunyu, chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuonana ndi dokotala. Iye adzakufunsani inu ndi aliyense amene munaona khunyuyo kuti afotokoze zomwe zinachitika.
Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso awiri akuluakulu akhoza kuchitidwa.
1. EEG (Electroencephalography): Izi zimaphatikizapo kumangirira masensa ang'onoang'ono pamutu panu ndikulemba momwe magetsi alili muubongo wanu. Ngati muli ndi khunyu, imatha kuzindikira njira zina zachilendo.
2. Kujambula Ubongo: Kujambula ngati MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kungayang'ane zizindikiro za kuwonongeka mkati mwa ubongo, monga chotupa, chilonda, kapena sitiroko.
Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?
Chikuku si chinthu choopa, chifukwa ndi vuto lomwe lingathe kulamuliridwa kwambiri.
Mankhwala oletsa khunyu
Chithandizo chachikulu ndi mankhwala oletsa khunyu. Odwala pafupifupi 70% amatha kuchepetsa khunyu lawo ndi mankhwala. Dokotala wanu adzakusankhirani mankhwala oyenera kutengera mtundu wanu wa khunyu, zaka zanu, ndi matenda ena. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu kapena kusintha mlingo popanda upangiri wa dokotala wanu.
Chithandizo cha Zakudya
Kwa ana ena, makamaka omwe salandira bwino mankhwala, dokotala angakulangizeni zakudya zapadera, monga zakudya za ketogenic . Izi ndi zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri komanso zopanda chakudya chambiri.
Opaleshoni
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khunyu omwe sakulamuliridwa ndi mankhwala ndipo amayamba pamalo amodzi muubongo, opaleshoni ndi njira ina. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa gawo losazolowereka la ubongo komwe khunyu imayambira. Ngakhale izi sizingatheke kwa aliyense, zitha kukhala zopambana kwambiri kwa munthu woyenera.
Nthawi zomwe tiyenera kusamala
Kawirikawiri, khunyu imatha yokha mkati mwa mphindi 1-2, koma nthawi zina, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.
Nthawi yoti mupite ku ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) nthawi yomweyo:
* Ngati khunyu limatenga mphindi zoposa 5.
* Ngati khunyu imodzi yatha ndipo ina ichitika musanabwererenso ku chikumbumtima.
* Ngati mukuvutika kupuma panthawi ya khunyu.
* Ngati khunyu layambitsa kuvulala kwakukulu.
* Ngati mayi woyembekezera kapena munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga ali ndi khunyu.
Mawu ochepa okhudza SUDEP
Izi zingamveke zoopsa, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa. SUDEP (Imfa Yosayembekezereka mu Khunyu) ndi pamene munthu wodwala khunyu amafa mwadzidzidzi popanda chifukwa chilichonse chodziwika bwino. Izi ndi zachilendo kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi khunyu losalamulirika bwino ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo ichi ndikumwa mankhwala anu monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera ndikuletsa khunyu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Khunyu si matenda amisala kapena chinthu chochititsa manyazi nacho, koma ndi vuto la ubongo.
- Anthu ambiri amatha kuletsa khunyu lawo bwino kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.
- Ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakulemberani panthawi yoyenera komanso muyeso woyenera. Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu nokha.
- Dziwani zomwe zimayambitsa khunyu ndipo pewani momwe mungathere (monga kugona tulo, kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo).
- Ngati muli ndi matenda a dementia, ndikofunikira kuuza achibale anu ndi anzanu apamtima za matendawa kuti akuthandizeni pakagwa ngozi.
- Ngati muli ndi mafunso, mantha, kapena kukayikira pankhaniyi, kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu.
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