Kodi ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiphunzire za ukadaulo wopulumutsa miyoyo uwu m'njira yosavuta!

Tangoganizani kuti munthu ali mu vuto lalikulu kwambiri, mtima ndi mapapo ake sizikugwira ntchito bwino. Wafika poti mankhwala wamba kapena ma ventilator omwe tonse timawadziwa sangamupulumutse. Nthawi zina madokotala amaganiza za ukadaulo uwu wotchedwa ECMO ngati njira yomaliza. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri sanamvepo za izi, ichi ndi chipangizo chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe chingapulumutse miyoyo. Lero, tikambirana za izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi ECMO ndi chiyani mwachidule?

Mwachidule, ECMO ndi makina omwe amagwira ntchito ngati mtima ndi mapapo opangidwa kunja kwa thupi. Pamene mtima ndi mapapo anu ali ofooka kwambiri kuti agwire ntchito yawo bwino, makinawa amagwira ntchito kwakanthawi.

Ngati tifotokoza tanthauzo la dzina lakuti ECMO, ndi motere:

• Kunja kwa thupi - Izi zikutanthauza "kunja kwa thupi".
• Kupereka mpweya wa okosijeni ku Membrane - Izi zikutanthauza "kupereka mpweya kudzera mu nembanemba yapadera."

Kodi mukumvetsa tsopano? Chomwe chimachitika apa ndichakuti magazi omwe amachotsedwa m'thupi amalowetsedwa mu makina okhala ndi nembanemba yapadera kenako n’kupopedwanso m'thupi. Makinawa amachita zomwe mapapo athu amachita. Nthawi zina amagwiranso ntchito yopompa yomwe mtima umachita.

Mwa kupatsa mtima ndi mapapo "kupuma" mwanjira imeneyi, amatha kukonza kuwonongeka komwe akumana nako. Pakadali pano, makina a ECMO amapereka mpweya wokwanira m'thupi.

Kodi pali mitundu ya ECMO?

Inde, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ECMO. Madokotala amasankha mtundu woti agwiritse ntchito kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili.

Kodi ECMO imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika ziti?

ECMO si chinthu chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pa chimfine kapena fuluwenza wamba. Ndi njira yopulumutsa moyo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu pamene palibe chithandizo china chomwe chapambana.

• Matenda Ovuta Kwambiri Okhudza Kupuma (ARDS): Pamene mapapo awonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda monga chibayo chachikulu, kupsa, kapena kumira, ndipo thupi silingathe kupeza mpweya. ECMO yathandiza anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli panthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19.
• Kutupa kwa Mapapo: Kutupa kwa magazi komwe kumachitika m'thupi (nthawi zambiri m'miyendo) kumatuluka ndikukhazikika mumtsempha waukulu wamagazi m'mapapo. Uwu ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso omwe angaphe.
• Kuvulala kwa Mtima: Pamene minofu ya mtima yawonongeka chifukwa cha matenda a mtima aakulu, ngozi, kapena kugwa, ndipo ikulephera kupopa magazi bwino.
• Kwa makanda obadwa kumene: ECMO imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumutsa miyoyo ya makanda aang'ono kwambiri omwe ali ndi mavuto aakulu a mtima kapena mapapo pobadwa, makamaka omwe anabadwa msanga.
• Kuika ziwalo ndi opaleshoni: ECMO imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza wodwala amene akuyembekezera kuikidwa mtima kapena mapapo, kapena kuthandiza thupi kuchira pambuyo pa opaleshoni yaikulu.

Kodi chithandizo cha ECMO chimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Izi zimachitika mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) motsogozedwa ndi gulu la madokotala ndi anamwino ophunzitsidwa bwino.

1. Kuchotsa ululu: Choyamba, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sadzamva kupweteka kulikonse. Kenako, dokotala wa opaleshoni amaika machubu akuluakulu (machubu kapena ma cannula) mu mtsempha waukulu wamagazi kapena mtsempha wamagazi womwe uli m'khosi, pachifuwa, kapena m'mimba mwa wodwalayo.

2. Kulumikiza ku makina: Chubu chimodzi chimakoka magazi osowa mpweya kuchokera m'thupi kupita ku makina a ECMO.

3. Kuonjezera mpweya:Pamene magazi awa akudutsa m'mapapo opangidwa (oxygenator) mkati mwa makina, mpweya wa carbon dioxide womwe uli mmenemo umachotsedwa ndipo mpweya wa okosijeni umawonjezedwa.

4. Kupompanso m'thupi: Magazi oyera, okhala ndi mpweya amapompedwanso m'thupi kudzera mu chubu china.

Pa nthawi yonseyi, wodwalayo akhoza kukhala kuti wazindikira kapena wagona tulo. Gulu la ECMO limayang'anira wodwalayo ndi makina mosamala kwa maola 24.

Kodi mumapewa bwanji ECMO?

Mtima ndi mapapo anu akayamba kumva bwino ndipo mutatha kugwira ntchito nokha, madokotala anu amayamba pang'onopang'ono kukuchotsani pa makina. Izi zimatchedwa "kuyamwa." Chithandizo cha makina chimachepa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lanu lizigwira ntchito lokha. Ngati zonse zikuyenda bwino, machubu adzachotsedwa patatha masiku angapo ndipo zosokera zidzabwezeretsedwanso pamalo pake.

Kodi ubwino ndi zoopsa zazikulu za ECMO ndi ziti?

Monga chithandizo chilichonse chovuta chamankhwala, ECMO ili ndi ubwino waukulu komanso zoopsa zazikulu. Ndi chisankho cha moyo ndi imfa.

Kodi mungathandize bwanji banja la wodwala?

Ndizovuta kwambiri kwa banja kuona wokondedwa wanu atalumikizidwa ndi makina ngati awa. Koma pali zinthu zomwe mungachite. Koma musanachite chilichonse, onetsetsani kuti mwalandira chilolezo kuchokera kwa dokotala kapena ogwira ntchito yosamalira anamwino.

• Lankhulani ndi wodwalayo: Ngakhale atakhala kuti sakudziwa kalikonse, akhoza kukumvani. Mawu anu adzawatonthoza.
• Werengani buku kapena mvetserani nyimbo: Nyimbo zotonthoza kapena phokoso la inu mukuwerenga buku zingawapatse chitonthozo.
• Bweretsani ndi kusunga zithunzi za banja lanu: Sungani zithunzi za banja lanu pamalo omwe angathe kuziwona.
• Chinyezitsa khungu: Kuti khungu lisaume, mutha kufunsa dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni mafuta oyenera.

Kodi ECMO ndiye njira yomaliza?

Inde, ECMO nthawi zambiri imakhala njira yomaliza . Madokotala amapanga chisankho ichi pambuyo poti njira zina zonse zochiritsira zalephera.

Komanso, ECMO imagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osinthika . Mwachitsanzo, chibayo chachikulu chimatha kuchiritsidwa. ECMO imaperekedwa kuti ithandize mapapo mpaka atachira. Komabe, ECMO sigwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda osachiritsika, monga khansa yomaliza.

Iyi si mankhwala. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti wodwalayo achire popanda kuvulaza ziwalo zina m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo akhoza kufa ali pa ECMO ngati vuto lake silingathe kuthetsedwa.