Kodi mukudziwa za khansa ya ndulu? Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule.

Kodi mudamvapo za chiwalo chaching'ono chonga thumba chomwe chili kumanja kwa mimba yanu, pansi pa chiwindi chanu? Timachitcha ndulu. Chimasunga madzi otchedwa 'bile' omwe amapangidwa ndi chiwindi. Nndulu iyi imatithandiza kugaya zakudya zamafuta zomwe timadya. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina maselo a khansa amayamba kukula mkati mwa chiwalo chaching'onochi. Ndicho chomwe timachitcha khansa ya ndulu.

Kodi Khansa ya Gallbladder ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya ndulu ndi pamene maselo abwinobwino mu ndulu amakhala khansa ndipo amakula mosalamulirika. Khansa imeneyi nthawi zambiri imayamba mkati mwa maselo mu ndulu. Timaitcha kuti `(mucosal layer)`. Kenako, pang'onopang'ono, imayamba kufalikira kunja.

Vuto lalikulu ndi izi ndilakuti siziwonetsa zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro . Nthawi zambiri, zimapezeka mwangozi. Tangoganizirani, madokotala amapeza khansa iyi pokhapokha akamachitidwa opaleshoni yochotsa ndulu pazifukwa zina.

Koma pali nkhani yabwino. Ngati khansa iyi yapezeka pachiyambi chake, ndiko kuti, ngati sinafalikire kupitirira ndulu, pali mwayi waukulu woti opaleshoni ichotsedwe ndikuchira kwathunthu . Komabe, mwa anthu ambiri, khansayo yafalikira kale kupitirira ndulu pofika nthawi yomwe imapezeka. Pamenepo, chithandizo chimakhala chovuta pang'ono.

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

Ngakhale kuti tilibe deta yeniyeni pa izi ku Sri Lanka, khansa iyi ndi yosowa kwambiri m'maiko ngati America. Komabe, ndi yofala kwambiri m'maiko aku Asia monga India, Japan, Korea, ndi mayiko ena ku South America. Chifukwa cha izi chikuwoneka ngati kuchuluka kwa miyala ya ndulu pakati pa anthu m'maiko amenewo. Chifukwa miyala ya ndulu ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa khansa iyi.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya ndulu ndi ziti?

Monga ndanenera kale, chifukwa chachikulu chomwe khansa iyi imavutira kuizindikira ndichakuti siiwonetsa zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro. Ngakhale zizindikirozo zikaonekera, zimafanana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za miyala ya m'ndulu. Choncho anthu amaganiza kuti, "O, iyi iyenera kukhala miyala."

Koma ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzisamalira.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa imeneyi imayamba? Kodi zinthu zoopsa zake ndi ziti?

Asayansi sakudziwabe momwe selo lathanzi limakhalira selo la khansa. Koma apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopeza khansa iyi. Izi timazitcha zinthu zoopsa.

Khansa iyi imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini. Koma izi si kusintha kwa majini komwe kumachitika kuchokera kwa makolo. Ndi kusintha komwe kumachitika munthu akamakula.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?

• Kwa akazi: Akazi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa iyi kuposa amuna.
• Kwa anthu azaka zopitirira 65: Chiwopsezo chimawonjezeka ndi zaka. Avereji ya zaka zomwe munthu amadwala matendawa ndi pafupifupi zaka 72.
• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi miyala ya ndulu: Ichi ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu. Anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi miyala ya ndulu amatha kudwala khansa iyi.
• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi ma polyps a ndulu: Zomera zazing'ono zomwe zimapangidwa pakhoma la ndulu zimatha kusanduka khansa.
• Matenda a cholecystitis osatha: Chiwopsezo chimakhala chachikulu ngati ndulu yatupa kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Kunenepa kwambiri: Kulemera kwambiri kwa thupi nakonso ndi chinthu chomwe chingayambitse matenda.
• Matenda a typhoid: Matenda a typhoid omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya wotchedwa `Salmonella typhi` nawonso ndi matenda osatha ndipo ndi oopsa.
• Chidendene cha porcelain: Matenda omwe calcium imasonkhana m'makoma a ndulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba ngati njerwa za porcelain. Izi zimawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha khansa.
• Matenda a Choledochal: Matenda ofanana ndi a cyst omwe amapezeka m'mitsempha ya ndulu.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusuta fodya ndi kukhudzana ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opanga mphira ndi nsalu akukhulupiriridwa kuti akuwonjezera chiopsezo.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?

Monga ndanenera kale, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira chifukwa palibe zizindikiro. Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, mbiri ya matenda a m'banja mwanu, ndikukuyesani. Kenako, ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi khansa, adzalamula kuti muyesedwe kangapo.

1. Kuyezetsa magazi (Kuyezetsa kwa labu)

Zinthu zina m'magazi zimatha kuyezedwa kuti mudziwe bwino za khansa.

• Kuyesa kwa ntchito ya chiwindi: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa ma enzyme omwe amatulutsidwa ndi chiwindi. Kuchuluka kumeneku kungasinthe ngati khansa yakhudza chiwindi.
• Mayeso a zizindikiro za chotupa: Mayeso a magazi otchedwa CEA ndi CA 19-9 amayang'ana kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe maselo a khansa amatulutsa. Ngati izi zakwera, zimadzutsa kukayikira kuti pali khansa.

2. Mayeso ojambula zithunzi

Mayesowa amajambula ziwalo zomwe zili mkati mwa thupi kuti aone ngati pali khansa komanso momwe yafalikira.

• Kuyeza m'mimba ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri yoyesera poyamba. Imatenga zithunzi za ziwalo za m'mimba. Ngati chinthu chonga chotupa chaoneka, mudzatumizidwa kukayezetsanso.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Kujambula kwa kompyuta):Ma X-ray amagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula zithunzi za thupi lonse. Izi zimathandiza kuti zinthu zambiri ziwonekere.
• Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging): Kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito kujambula zithunzi zamkati mwa thupi.
• ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography): Endoscope (chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera) imayikidwa kudzera pakamwa, utoto umalowetsedwa mu ducts za ndulu, ndipo zithunzi za X-ray zimatengedwa. Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuona ngati ducts zachepa chifukwa cha khansa.

3. Maopaleshoni

• Kufufuza za khansa: Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yotsimikizira 100% kuti khansa ilipo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu kuchokera pa chotupa chomwe chikukayikiridwa ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu.
• Laparoscopy: Kudula pang'ono m'mimba kumapangidwa ndipo chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera chimayikidwa, zomwe zimathandiza dokotala kuwona mwachindunji ndulu ndi minofu yozungulira. Izi zimathandiza kuwona momwe khansa yafalikira.

Magawo ndi Chithandizo cha Khansa

Madokotala akangozindikira khansa, amazindikira momwe yafalikira m'thupi. Izi timazitcha kuti kukhazikika kwa khansa. Chithandizo chimatsimikiziridwa kutengera gawo ili.

• Gawo 0: Maselo osazolowereka omwe angakhale khansa amapezeka mkati mwa ndulu.
• Gawo 1: Khansa ili mkati mwa ndulu, ndipo mwina yafalikira mpaka ku minofu.
• Gawo lachiwiri: Khansa yafalikira kupitirira minofu.
• Gawo 3: Khansa yafalikira mpaka kunja kwa ndulu ndi ziwalo zapafupi, monga chiwindi, kapena ma lymph nodes.
• Gawo 4: Khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi ma lymph nodes angapo.

Khansa ya Gawo 1 imatchedwa "yapafupi". Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansayo imangopezeka mu ndulu yokha. Pa gawoli, machiritso athunthu amatha kuchitika ndi opaleshoni. Chithandizo chimakhala chovuta kwambiri m'magawo 2, 3, ndi 4.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira zinthu zambiri, monga gawo la khansa komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

Chithandizo cha khansa yoyambirira

Ngati khansa yapezeka msanga, cholinga chachikulu ndi kuchotsa khansa yonse ndi opaleshoni ndikuiletsa kuti isabwererenso.

• Opaleshoni: Dokotala wa khansa amachita opaleshoni yochotsa ndulu. Nthawi zina, si ndulu yokha komanso ma lymph nodes ozungulira ndi gawo laling'ono la chiwindi lingafunike kuchotsedwa.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Radiation yamphamvu kwambiri imaperekedwa kuti iwononge maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe angakhalepo pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy:Mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti aphe maselo a khansa kapena kuletsa kukula kwawo. Mankhwalawa angaperekedwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni kapena pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radiation.

Chithandizo cha khansa yopita patsogolo

Cholinga cha chithandizo cha khansa yosachira kapena yobwerezabwereza ndikuwongolera zizindikiro ndikukhalitsa moyo wautali, m'malo mochiza matendawa.

Mankhwala a radiation ndi chemotherapy amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pano. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kukhala ndi mwayi wochita nawo mayeso azachipatala a mankhwala atsopano.

• Chithandizo cholunjika: Mankhwala amaperekedwa omwe amakhudza kusintha kwa majini m'maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Chimalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chizindikire ndikuwononga maselo a khansa.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse za mankhwalawa?

Inde. Monga chithandizo chilichonse, pakhoza kukhala zotsatirapo zake. Opaleshoni imakhala ndi zoopsa monga mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa ululu, matenda, komanso magazi kuundana. Mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi radiation angayambitse zotsatirapo zake monga kutaya tsitsi, nseru, ndi kutopa. Koma zonsezi ndi zosiyana kwa munthu aliyense. Ndikofunikira kukambirana momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe mukulandira komanso zotsatira zake kuti mumvetsetse bwino.

Kodi matendawa angachiritsidwe?

Ikhoza kuchiritsidwa. Koma imafunika kuzindikira khansayo pachiyambi kwambiri ndikuichotsa ndi opaleshoni isanafalikire ku ziwalo zina. Ikakhala kuti sinachiritsidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, mwayi woti ichire ndi wochepa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timati tiyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zake.