Kodi Dokotala Wamkulu ndi ndani? Tiyeni tikambirane izi mwachidule!

Mwina munamvapo za 'Dokotala Wamkulu'. Kapena mwina munakumanapo ndi m'modzi mwa abale anu kapena anzanu. Kodi Dokotala Wamkulu ndi ndani kwenikweni? Amachita chiyani? Kodi amasiyana bwanji ndi madokotala ena? Tiyeni tikambirane zonsezi m'chinenero chosavuta cha Chisinhala chomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Dokotala Wamkulu ndi ndani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, dokotala wamkulu ndi dokotala komanso dokotala wa opaleshoni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kuzindikira matenda, kuwachiza, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, kuchita opaleshoni. Chinthu chapadera ndichakuti anthuwa samangokhala mbali imodzi yokha ya thupi. Monga dokotala wathu wabanja, koma amathanso kuchita opaleshoni.

Mwachitsanzo, madokotala ena ndi akatswiri pa za mtima (katswiri wa mtima) kapena ubongo (katswiri wa misempha). Koma dokotala wamkulu amagwira ntchito m'dera lalikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kuchiza ziwalo zanu zam'mimba (ziwalo zam'mimba), zotupa m'mbali zina za thupi lanu, kapena kuvulala kangapo chifukwa cha ngozi nthawi imodzi. Ndiwo omwe amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri posamalira wodwalayo asanachite opaleshoni ('asanachite opaleshoni'), panthawi ya opaleshoni ('opaleshoni'), komanso pambuyo pa opaleshoni ('asanachite opaleshoni'). Nthawi zambiri ndi omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi madokotala ena ndi anamwino.

Opaleshoni ya anthu onse ndi imodzi mwa njira 14 zapadera zochitira opaleshoni zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi American College of Surgeons.

Kodi dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni amachiritsa chiyani?

Ndanena kale kuti dokotala wamkulu ali ngati "dokotala wa banja yemwe amathanso kuchita opaleshoni." Choncho amachiritsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Ndipo, chithandizo chimenecho chimaphatikizapo opaleshoni ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, ngati dokotala wamkulu akuona kuti sakukhulupirira mokwanira kuchiza vuto linalake, adzakutumizirani kwa katswiri. Umenewo ndi udindo wawo.

Kodi matenda omwe amachiritsidwa nthawi zambiri ndi ati?

Nazi zina mwa matenda omwe dokotala wamkulu nthawi zambiri amachiza:

• Kuvulala koopsa: Tangoganizirani kuti akuchiritsa kuvulala kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ngozi kapena kugwa akuyenda pamsewu.
• Matenda a thupi: Izi zitha kukhala zilema zobadwa nazo kapena zotupa zomwe zimakula munthu akakula.
• Khansa ya m'mawere: Khansa ya m'mawere, yomwe ingachitike mwa amuna ndi akazi, imachiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni.
• Matenda a m'mimba ya m'mimba:Izi zikutanthauza matenda okhudzana ndi mmero, m'mimba, ndi m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zinthu monga gastritis zikuipiraipira, mungafunike kuchitidwa endoscopy kapena opaleshoni.
• Njira ya ndulu: Izi zikuphatikizapo ndulu, njira ya ndulu, kapamba, ndi chiwindi. Miyala ya ndulu nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa opaleshoni ndi dokotala wamkulu.
• Matenda a Endocrine: Mwachitsanzo, opaleshoni imachitika pochiza zotupa mu gland ya chithokomiro kapena adrenal glands.
• Matenda a mitsempha yamagazi: Amathandizanso pamavuto ena a mitsempha yamagazi.
• Matenda oopsa komanso matenda osatha: Nthawi zina amachita opaleshoni yomwe odwala omwe ali m'zipinda zosamalira odwala kwambiri amafunikira, kapena pazinthu zina zomwe zimachitika kuti achepetse ululu wa odwala kumapeto kwa moyo wawo.

Kodi mumakhala bwanji Dokotala Wamkulu wa Opaleshoni?

Kukhala dokotala wa opaleshoni si ulendo wophweka. Choyamba, ayenera kukhala dokotala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kuphunzira zaka zinayi kusukulu ya zamankhwala ndikupeza "digiri ya zamankhwala". Pamenepo ndi pomwe amayamba maphunziro kuti akhale dokotala wa opaleshoni.

Kuti achite izi, ayenera kumaliza pulogalamu yophunzirira opaleshoni ya zaka zosachepera zisanu . Maphunziro awa amachitika pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, akamaliza chaka chimodzi bwino ndi pomwe akuyenera chaka chotsatira.

Ngakhale atamaliza maphunzirowa, ayenerabe kupasa mayeso awiri a bolodi kuti akhale dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito.

1. Choyamba ndi mayeso oyenereza . Ili ndi mayeso olembedwa okhala ndi mafunso osankha mayankho.

2. Mukangopambana mayeso amenewa, mudzakhala oyenerera kulemba mayeso a "certification" . Awa ndi mayeso apakamwa.

Munthu akangopambana mayeso onse awiriwa, amadziwidwa kuti ndi "Wochita Opaleshoni Wamkulu Wovomerezeka." Ndiye taganizirani kudzipereka ndi kugwira ntchito mwakhama komwe kumafuna!

Kodi dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni amaphunzira chiyani?

Dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni amaphunzira mozama za zigawo zisanu ndi zinayi zazikulu za opaleshoni yayikulu panthawi ya maphunziro ake. Izi ndi:

• Njira yogaya chakudya: Izi zikutanthauza pafupifupi gawo lililonse la dongosolo lathu logaya chakudya.
• Ziwalo zam'mimba ndi m'chiuno: Ziwalo zomwe zili mkati mwa mimba, monga chiwindi, impso, ndi kapamba.
• Mabere, khungu ndi minofu yofewa: Amaphunziranso za zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pa thupi.
• Mutu ndi khosi:Amathandizanso matenda ena omwe amapezeka m'madera amenewa.
• Matenda a mtima: Chidziwitso choyambira chokhudza mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
• Dongosolo la Endocrine: Dongosolo la tiziwalo timene timatulutsa mahomoni.
• Opaleshoni ya khansa: Izi zikutanthauza kuchiza khansa kudzera mu opaleshoni.
• Kuvulala: Izi zikuphatikizapo kuvulala kwa minofu ndi mafupa, kuvulala mutu, ndi kuvulala m'manja.
• Opaleshoni ya chisamaliro chadzidzidzi ndi yadzidzidzi: Zinthu monga opaleshoni yopulumutsa moyo zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Pa nthawi yophunzira, ayenera kukhala zaka zosachepera zinayi ndi theka pa zaka zisanu akugwira ntchito ndi odwala. Ndipo zaka zosachepera zitatu akugwira ntchito m'magawo asanu ndi anayi akuluakulu omwe atchulidwa kale. Sangathe kuphunzira kwa miyezi yoposa 12 mu opaleshoni imodzi kapena miyezi yoposa 6 mu chipatala chopanda opaleshoni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maphunziro awo ayenera kukhala otakata kwambiri.

Kodi Dokotala Wamkulu wa Opaleshoni amachita chiyani?

Dokotala wamkulu akamaliza maphunziro ake n’kupita kuntchito, maopaleshoni ndi chithandizo chomwe amachita nthawi zonse chingasiyane malinga ndi chipatala chomwe amagwira ntchito, kaya chili mumzinda waukulu kapena kudera lakutali.

Tangoganizirani, m'chipatala chachikulu, chokonzedwa bwino, pakhoza kukhala akatswiri opanga opaleshoni omwe amachita maopaleshoni enaake. Mwachitsanzo, dokotala wa mtima angachite maopaleshoni a mtima, ndipo dokotala wa mitsempha angachite maopaleshoni a mitsempha. Komabe, m'chipatala chomwe mulibe akatswiri ambiri, dokotala wamkulu angafunike kuchita ntchito zambirizi. Chifukwa chake, udindo wawo ndi wofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi maopaleshoni ofala kwambiri ndi ati?

Nazi mitundu ina ya opaleshoni yomwe mungayembekezere kuti dokotala wamkulu azichita nthawi zonse:

• Opaleshoni yoletsa kubwereranso m'mimba (Nissen fundoplication): Opaleshoni yoletsa asidi m'mimba kuti isakwere m'khosi chifukwa cha matenda monga gastritis.
• Kuchotsa Appendix (Kuchotsa Appendix / Appendectomy): Pamene matenda (appendicitis) achitika m'mbali yaying'ono ya thupi yotchedwa appendix, amachotsedwa opaleshoni.
• Opaleshoni ya Bariatric (kuchepetsa thupi): Opaleshoni yothandiza anthu onenepa kwambiri kuchepetsa thupi.
• Opaleshoni ya m'mawere: Opaleshoni ya zotupa za m'mawere, monga khansa ya m'mawere.
• Opaleshoni yofufuza (Laparotomy kapena Laparoscopy): Ngati matenda sangadziwike, mkati mwa thupi mumatsegulidwa kapena kamera imayikidwa kuti ione mkati.
• Kuchotsa ndulu (Cholecystectomy): Kuchotsa ndulu pamene mavuto monga miyala ya ndulu achitika.
• Opaleshoni yokonza hernia:Kukonza hernia (kutuluka kwa ziwalo za m'matumbo kudzera pamalo ofooka pakhoma la m'mimba).
• Kuchotsa Prostate (Prostatectomy): Opaleshoni yomwe imachitika mwa amuna kuti achiritse matenda monga khansa ya prostate.
• Kuchotsa bandeji (Spleenectomy): Bandeji ingafunike kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha matenda ena a magazi ndi ngozi zina.
• Kuchotsa chiberekero (Hysterectomy): Opaleshoni yochitidwa pochiza matenda ena okhudzana ndi chiberekero mwa akazi.

Kodi njira zochitira opaleshoni ndi ziti?

Masiku ano, madokotala ochizira matenda amisala amaphunzitsidwa kugwira ntchito ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa (`njira zochizira matenda zothandizira ukadaulo`). Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito njira zakale zochizira matenda akuluakulu, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zochizira matenda ang'onoang'ono komanso opaleshoni yothandizidwa ndi kamera. Njira zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo asamve bwino ndipo zingamuthandizenso kuchira msanga.

Pali njira zitatu makamaka:

1. Endoscopy

2. Opaleshoni ya Laparoscopic

3. Opaleshoni ya roboti

Kodi Endoscopy ndi chiyani?

Iyi ndi njira yachilendo kwambiri. Endoscopy ndi njira yomwe imalola dokotala wa opaleshoni kuchita maopaleshoni ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lanu popanda kudula khungu lanu kapena minofu yanu. Tangoganizirani, amagwiritsa ntchito zida zazitali komanso zoonda. Izi zimadutsa mu chubu chachitali, chosinthasintha chotchedwa endoscope. Kumapeto kwa chubu ichi kuli kamera yaying'ono ya kanema.

'Endoscope' iyi imadutsa pakhosi panu ('endoscopy yapamwamba') kapena m'mimba mwanu ('colonoscopy'). Zithunzi zomwe zimawonedwa kuchokera ku kamera zimawonetsedwa pa 'screen'. Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito zida zazing'onozi kuti achite opaleshoniyo akuyang'ana screen.

Mwachidule, iyi ndi njira yofufuzira kapena opaleshoni yaying'ono yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyika kamera m'mimba popanda kuduladula kwakukulu.

Zinthu zofala kwambiri zomwe zimachitika kudzera mu endoscopy ndi izi:

• Kuchotsa ma polyps ang'onoang'ono kapena zotupa (polypectomy).
• Kutenga zitsanzo za minofu kuti akayesedwe (biopsy).
• Kudula ndi kutulutsa minofu yolimba (`myotomy`).

Kodi opaleshoni ya laparoscopic ndi chiyani?

Opaleshoni ya laparoscopic ndi njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe siivuta kwenikweni . Pachifukwa ichi, dokotalayo amalowa m'mimba mwanu kudzera m'mabala ang'onoang'ono a "keyboo" osakwana theka la inchi .

Chitoliro chokhala ndi kamera chotchedwa laparoscope (chomwenso ndi mtundu wa endoscope) chimayikidwa kudzera m'bowo limodzi ndipo mkati mwake mumayang'aniridwa. Zithunzi kuchokera ku kamera zimawonetsedwa pa sikirini. Kenako zida zazitali, zopyapyala zimayikidwa kudzera m'bowo lina ndipo opaleshoniyo imachitika pamene akuyang'ana sikiriniyo. Njirayi imalola wodwalayo kuchira mwachangu ndipo imasiya zipsera zochepa.

Ma opaleshoni ofala kwambiri omwe amachitidwa ndi madokotala a opaleshoni ya laparoscopic ndi awa:

• Appendectomy ndi opaleshoni yochizira appendicitis.
• Opaleshoni ya miyala ya ndulu (Cholecystectomy).
• Opaleshoni ya m'mimba ndi opaleshoni yochepetsa thupi.

Kodi opaleshoni ya roboti ndi chiyani?

Opaleshoni ya robotic ndi njira yapamwamba kwambiri yochitira opaleshoni ya laparoscopic. Imagwiritsa ntchito laparoscope ndi zida zazitali, zopyapyala kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono a makiyi. Kusiyana kwake ndi kwakuti zida izi zimayendetsedwa ndi manja a robotic.

Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti loboti idzachita opaleshoni yokha. Dokotalayo amagwiritsa ntchito mkono wa loboti kuchokera pa kompyuta yomwe ili mchipinda chochitira opaleshoni. Izi zimathandiza kuti pakhale opaleshoni yolondola komanso yosamala. Madokotala odziwa bwino opaleshoni amatha kuphunzira za opaleshoni ya loboti panthawi yophunzitsidwa nthawi zonse, kapena akhoza kuchita maphunziro owonjezera (fellowship).

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni ndi dokotala wamba?

Funso limene anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi ili. Dokotala aliyense ndi dokotala. Koma si dokotala aliyense ndi dokotala. Madokotala ndi anthu omwe ndi madokotala kenako amalandira maphunziro owonjezera ndi satifiketi yochitira opaleshoni. Mwachidule, opaleshoni ndi njira yomwe imachitika mkati mwa thupi la munthu, monga ziwalo, minofu, ndi mafupa, kuti achiritse kuvulala kapena matenda.

Dokotala Wamkulu (kapena Dokotala Woyang'anira Chisamaliro Chachikulu - PCP) ndi dokotala amene amachita opaleshoni yamankhwala wamba, osati katswiri. Nthawi zambiri sachita opaleshoni.

Kumbali ina, dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni ndi dokotala amene wasankha kukhala katswiri pa opaleshoni. Sikuti amangogwira ntchito pa opaleshoni imodzi yokha, koma amagwira ntchito m'munda waukulu wa "opaleshoni yonse."

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu akhale Surgeon General?

Tangoganizani, m'dziko ngati America, zimatenga zaka zinayi kuti munthu apeze digiri ya bachelor. Kenako zimatenga zaka zina zinayi kuti munthu apeze digiri ya udokotala. Kenako zimatenga zaka zisanu kuti munthu apeze digiri ya opaleshoni. Zimenezo ndi zaka 13! Kenako zimatenga nthawi kuti munthu apambane mayeso a bolodi omwe ndatchula kale. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuphunzira kwa zaka zosachepera 13 kuti mukhale dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni. Kodi zimenezo si kudzipereka kwakukulu?

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Dokotala Wamkulu ndi Dokotala wa Ana?

Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Dokotala aliyense wa ana ndi dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni. Koma si dokotala wamkulu aliyense wa opaleshoni wa ana.

Mwachidule, dokotala wa opaleshoni ya ana ndi munthu amene waphunzitsidwa kale ntchito ya dokotala wamkulu kenako n’kulandira maphunziro ena apadera ochiritsira ana. Zili ngati dokotala wa ana, koma dokotalayu amathanso kuchita opaleshoni.

Dokotala wa opaleshoni ali ngati dokotala wamba wokhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera. Mphamvu imeneyo ndi kuthekera kochiza matenda osiyanasiyana m'chipinda chochitira opaleshoni.

Zimafunika maphunziro ambiri, chidziwitso, ndi luso kuti munthu akhale munthu wotere. Koma ndi ntchito yokhutiritsa kwambiri. Chifukwa masiku awiri safanana. Nthawi zonse pamakhala mavuto atsopano, zokumana nazo zatsopano.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, ndikuganiza kuti tsopano muli ndi lingaliro labwino la dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni.

• Dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni ndi dokotala wapadera amene waphunzitsidwa kuchita maopaleshoni osiyanasiyana. Sikuti amangochita opaleshoni imodzi yokha ya thupi.
• Amachiritsa zinthu zambiri, monga mavuto am'mimba, ngozi, zotupa za m'mawere, ndi ma hernia.
• Amasamalira wodwalayo asanayambe opaleshoni, panthawi yake, komanso pambuyo pake.
• Angathe kuchita opaleshoni pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano monga `Endoscopy` ndi `Laparoscopy`, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochepa zodulira.
• Kukhala dokotala wa opaleshoni kumafuna maphunziro ndi maphunziro ambiri.
• Ngati mukufuna opaleshoni, dokotala wanu angakutumizireni kwa dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni. Musadandaule, alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Dokotala Wochita Opaleshoni, Dokotala Wamkulu, opaleshoni, opaleshoni, chithandizo chamankhwala, matenda, Dokotala Wamkulu