Kodi matenda a mtima ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino za matenda oopsawa.

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kupweteka pang'ono kapena kupsinjika pachifuwa panu? Ambiri aife timaganiza kuti, "Izi ziyenera kuti ndi gastritis." Koma si ululu wonse pachifuwa womwe ndi gastritis. Ukhoza kukhala chiyambi cha matenda oopsa kwambiri a mtima, kapena omwe amaika moyo pachiswe, kapena chomwe timachitcha matenda a mtima. Ngati atazindikirika pakapita nthawi, angapulumutse moyo. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane za izi molondola komanso mosavuta lero.

Mwachidule, kodi matenda a mtima ndi chiyani?

Matenda a mtima, omwe amadziwika kuti ``Myocardial Infarction'', ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri omwe amapezeka pamene minofu ya mtima silandira magazi okwanira. Tangoganizani kuti chitoliro chomwe chimabweretsa madzi m'nyumba mwathu chatsekedwa ndi dothi. Kenako madziwo satuluka mumpope, sichoncho? Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira, pamene mitsempha imodzi kapena zingapo zamagazi (mitsempha) zomwe zimanyamula magazi kupita kumtima zatsekedwa, magazi samayenda kupita ku gawo lina la mtima.

Magazi akachepa, minofu ya mtima yomwe imasowa magazi imayamba kufa. Ngati magazi sakubwerera msanga, izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kosatha kwa mtima kapena imfa.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani kwenikweni munthu akadwala matenda a mtima?

Mukakhala ndi matenda a mtima, magazi amalowa mumtima mwanu amasiya kwathunthu kapena amachepa kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti minofu ya mtima iwonongeke kapena kufa. Gawo la mtima likafa popanda magazi, silingathenso kupopa magazi. Izi zitha kusokoneza kayendedwe ka mtima wonse. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kapena kuletsa kuyenda kwa magazi m'thupi lonse. Izi zitha kupha ngati sizikuthandizidwa mwachangu.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi zingakhale zotani?

Pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro zambiri za matenda a mtima. Zina zimakhala zofala kwambiri, zina sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zizindikirozi bwino.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe anthu ambiri amakumana nazo ndi izi:

Kodi pali kusiyana kwa zizindikiro pakati pa amuna ndi akazi?

Inde, mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi iyi. Zizindikiro zomwe akazi amakumana nazo akadwala matenda a mtima zimatha kusiyana ndi za amuna.

• Azimayi savutika kwambiri ndi ululu waukulu pachifuwa poyerekeza ndi amuna. M'malo mwake, amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga kupuma movutikira, kutopa kwambiri, kusowa tulo, nseru, ndi kusanza . Akhozanso kumva ululu kumbuyo, mapewa, khosi, manja, kapena m'mimba.
• Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ululu wa pachifuwa "wachizolowezi" womwe tonse timadziwa.

Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti akazi makamaka azidziwa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyanazi.

Kodi zifukwa za matenda a mtima ndi ziti?

Matenda ambiri a mtima amayamba chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi cholesterol deposits (Plaque) . Monga momwe mumathira mafuta pansi pa sinki ya kukhitchini, mafutawo amamatira mkati mwa mapaipi, cholesterol ndi zina zimamatira mkati mwa mitsempha yathu yamagazi ndikupanga wosanjikiza. Timatcha izi `(Atherosclerosis).` Pamene cholesterol deposits izi zikuwonjezeka ndipo mitsempha yamagazi ikuchepa, timatcha vutoli `(Coronary Artery Disease)`.

Nthawi zina, pamwamba pa cholesterol iyi pamaphulika. Magazi amaundana pamalo pomwe panaphulika ndipo amakhazikika. Ngati magazi amaundanawa atseka mtsempha wamagazi kwathunthu, amatha kuletsa kuyenda kwa magazi kupita ku minofu ya mtima, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima.

Kuwonjezera pa chifukwa chachikulu ichi, matenda a mtima amathanso kuchitika pazifukwa zina, kawirikawiri (pafupifupi 5% ya matenda onse a mtima).

• Kuchepa kwadzidzidzi kwa mitsempha yamagazi ya mtima (Coronary artery spasm).
• Matenda osowa omwe amayambitsa kuchepa kwa mitsempha yamagazi.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ya mtima chifukwa cha ngozi.
• Embolism ndi pamene chinthu chonga magazi omwe adapangidwa kwina m'thupi chimayenda ndikukakamira mumtsempha wamagazi mumtima.
• Matenda obwera chifukwa cha kudya angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mtima kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a mtima. Zina mwa izo sitingathe kuzisintha, koma zina tikhoza kuzilamulira.

Kodi madokotala amadziwa bwanji ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima?

Matenda a mtima nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'chipinda chadzidzidzi cha chipatala (ETU). Mukapita ku ETU ndi zizindikiro zanu, dokotala adzakuyesani. Adzayesa kugunda kwa mtima wanu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kumvetsera mtima ndi mapapo anu, ndikufunsani za zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe mwakhala mukukumana nazo.

Kenako, mayeso angapo amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire izi.

• Kuyesa Magazi: Iyi ndiyo njira yodalirika kwambiri yodziwira matenda a mtima. Minofu ya mtima ikawonongeka, mankhwala otchedwa ``Cardiac Troponin`` amatulutsidwa m'magazi kuchokera m'maselo amenewo. Izi zimayesedwa ndi mayeso a magazi.
• ECG (Electrocardiogram): Iyi ndi mayeso oyamba omwe mudzapatsidwa mukapita ku ETU. Imayang'ana zizindikiro zamagetsi za mtima wanu kuti mudziwe ngati pali kuwonongeka kulikonse pamtima wanu kapena ngati pali kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika.
• Echocardiogram: Izi zili ngati ultrasound scan. Zimajambula mkati ndi kunja kwa mtima wanu kuti zione momwe ukugwirira ntchito komanso ngati ma valve akugwira ntchito bwino.
• Coronary Angiogram: Kuyeza kumeneku kumagwiritsa ntchito utoto wapadera ndi X-ray kuti ijambule zithunzi za mitsempha yamagazi mumtima. Izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati mitsempha yamagazi yatsekedwa.

Kodi chimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Cholinga chachikulu chochiza matenda a mtima ndikubwezeretsa magazi kupita ku minofu ya mtima yomwe yawonongeka mwachangu momwe zingathere. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira mankhwala mpaka opaleshoni.

Chithandizo chachangu

• Mpweya: Mpweya umaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe akuvutika kupuma kudzera mu chubu cha m'mphuno kapena chophimba pakamwa.
• Mitundu ya mankhwala:
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutsekeka kwa Magazi: Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi monga aspirin.
• Nitroglycerin: Izi zimachepetsa kupweteka pachifuwa ndipo zimakulitsa mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda mosavuta.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu: Mankhwala monga morphine amaperekedwa kuti achepetse ululu pachifuwa.
• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Matenda a Mtima: Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa mkati mwa maola 12 oyambirira munthu atadwala matenda a mtima.
• Beta-blockers: Izi zimalamulira kugunda kwa mtima, kupatsa mtima mpumulo ndikuthandiza kuti ubwererenso.
• Ma Statin: Izi zimalamulira cholesterol, zimakhazikitsa cholesterol m'mitsempha yamagazi, komanso zimaletsa matenda ena a mtima.

Mankhwala enieni

• Kuchiza kwa Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) / Angioplasty: Iyi ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yochizira. Mwachidule, chubu chopyapyala (catheter) chimalowetsedwa kudzera mwendo kapena mkono mu mtsempha wamagazi mumtima, ndipo chipangizo chonga baluni chimadzazidwa kuti chitsegule malo otsekeka. Kenako stent , chipangizo chonga mesh, chimayikidwa pamalopo kuti mtsempha usatsekenso.Kufulumira kwa izi kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wa wodwalayo.
• Opaleshoni ya Coronary Artery Bypass (CABG): Iyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa opaleshoni ya bypass . Opaleshoni iyi imachitika pamene mitsempha yamagazi mumtima yatsekeka kwambiri m'malo ambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa cha mtsempha wamagazi kuchokera mbali ina ya thupi (nthawi zambiri pachifuwa, mkono, kapena mwendo) ndikupanga njira yatsopano yoti magazi aziyenda mozungulira malo otsekekawo.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire pambuyo pa chithandizo?

Nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti mumve bwino mutatha kulandira chithandizo imadalira kuopsa kwa matenda a mtima, nthawi yomwe chithandizo chinayamba, komanso matenda ena aliwonse omwe munali nawo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amakhala kuchipatala ndi motere:

• Ngati wapatsidwa mankhwala okha: Pafupi masiku 6.
• Ngati chithandizo cha PCI/Stent chachitika: Pafupifupi masiku anayi.
• Ngati munachitidwa opaleshoni ya bypass (CABG): Iyi ndi opaleshoni yaikulu ndipo kuchira kumatenga nthawi. Mungafunike kukhala masiku 8 mpaka 12.

Zingatenge milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi itatu kuti munthu achire bwino kuchokera kuchipatala ndikubwerera kuntchito ndi zochita zake zachizolowezi. Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani malangizo enieni pankhaniyi.

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani kuti mupulumuke matenda a mtima ndikupewa kuti asabwerenso?

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe matenda a mtima. Ngati mwakhalapo kale ndi matenda a mtima, ndikofunikira kuchita izi kuti mupewe matenda ena.

• Pezani upangiri woyenera wa dokotala: Pitani kwa dokotala wa banja lanu (PCP) kuti mukayezedwe kamodzi pachaka. Yesani zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, shuga, ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi.
• Siyani kusuta konse: Ndudu, ndudu, ndi ndudu zamagetsi ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi zosachepera 30, masiku osachepera 5 pa sabata. Ngakhale kuyenda mofulumira ndikwabwino.
• Khalani ndi zakudya zabwino: Chepetsani zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, mchere, shuga, chakudya chofulumira, ndi zakudya zopakidwa m'mabokosi momwe mungathere. Phatikizani ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, zitsamba, ndi nyama zopanda mafuta ambiri ndi nsomba muzakudya zanu.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera: Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga kulemera koyenera malinga ndi kutalika kwanu.
• Lamulirani matenda ena: Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena cholesterol, imwani mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani molondola komanso panthawi yake.
• Chepetsani kupsinjika maganizo: Pumulani maganizo anu ndi zinthu monga yoga ndi kusinkhasinkha.

Bwanji mukuti 1990 m'malo mopita kuchipatala nokha?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mtima, kuyimba foni ku 1990 ndikutenga ambulansi kungakhale njira yopulumutsira moyo, m'malo mopeza galimoto ndikupita nokha kuchipatala. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa izi:

1. Chithandizo chingayambe mu ambulansi: Ogwira ntchito zachipatala ophunzitsidwa bwino omwe ali pa ambulansi akhoza kuyamba mayeso oyambira (monga ECG) ndi mankhwala (mpweya, aspirin) omwe mukufuna paulendo wopita kuchipatala. Izi zimapulumutsa nthawi yamtengo wapatali.

2. Mudzalandira chithandizo mwamsanga kuchipatala: Mukafika ndi ambulansi, mudzadziwitsidwa pasadakhale kuti ndinu wodwala wadzidzidzi, kotero mudzalandira chithandizo mwamsanga ku ETU.

3. Ngati mwataya chikumbumtima panjira: Matenda a mtima angayambitse mtima wanu kugunda molakwika kapena kuyima, zomwe zingakupangitseni kutaya chikumbumtima. Izi zitha kukhala ngozi yayikulu ngati mukuyendetsa galimoto. Ngati izi zitachitika mu ambulansi, akhoza kukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo ndikukupulumutsani.

Kumbukirani, "Sekondi iliyonse yomwe mumasunga imakhala ndi nyama mumtima mwanu." Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukupeza mwayi wabwino m'moyo.