Kodi pali vuto ndi magazi anu? Tiyeni tiphunzire za hemoglobinopathy mwachidule!

Kodi nthawi zonse mumadzimva otopa komanso otopa? Mwina khungu lanu ndi lotumbululuka pang'ono? Kapena pali wina aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhala ndi matenda a magazi? Ndiye zomwe ndikukuuzani ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa inu. Lero tikambirana za matenda a magazi otchedwa Hemoglobinopathy, omwe ali ndi dzina lovuta pang'ono, koma amapezeka mwa anthu ambiri. Musadandaule, tikambirana izi mosavuta.

Kodi Hemoglobinopathy ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tipeze yankho lenileni!

Mwachidule, hemoglobinopathy ndi gulu la matenda obadwa nawo omwe amakhudza mapuloteni m'magazi athu otchedwa hemoglobin. Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti hemoglobin iyi ndi chiyani, eti?

Taganizirani izi motere: hemoglobin ili ngati ngwazi yaying'ono mkati mwa maselo ofiira a magazi athu. Ndi yomwe imatenga mpweya kuchokera m'mapapu athu tikamapuma ndikuugawa m'thupi lathu lonse. Imagwira ntchito ngati taxi ya mpweya. Chifukwa chake ngati hemoglobin iyi sinapangidwe bwino, kapena ngati sinapangidwe mokwanira, matupi athu salandira mpweya wokwanira. Pamenepo ndiye mavuto amayamba.

Matendawa ndi obadwa nawo, kutanthauza kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini omwe timalandira kuchokera kwa makolo athu. Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amavutika ndi vutoli. Ndipotu, ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda obadwa nawo m'magazi. Ofufuza apeza mitundu yoposa 600 ya hemoglobinopathy!

Matupi athu akapanga hemoglobin yosayenera, kapena osakwanira, zizindikiro monga kupweteka kwa thupi, kutopa, ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuchitika. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira msanga. Ndicho chifukwa chake madokotala amayesa makanda kuti awone ngati ali ndi hemoglobinopathy akangobadwa.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti Hemoglobinopathy si matenda ochiritsika kotheratu. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera, titha kuwongolera zizindikiro ndikupewa zovuta.

Kodi pali mitundu iti ya hemoglobinopathy?

Monga tanenera kale, pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya izi. Mitundu iyi nthawi zambiri imatchulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo za Chingerezi. Zilembozi zimatanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapuloteni a hemoglobin ndi dongosolo lomwe ofufuza adazipeza. Izi zimathandiza madokotala kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwenikweni kwa majini komwe kumachitika.

Nazi zina mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya hemoglobinopathy:

• Matenda a Hemoglobin C: Apa ndi pomwe hemoglobin wabwinobwino amalowedwa m'malo ndi mtundu wotchedwa hemoglobin C.
• Matenda a Hemoglobin E: Apa, hemoglobin wabwinobwino amalowedwa m'malo ndi hemoglobin E.
• Matenda a Hemoglobin D: Apa, hemoglobin wabwinobwino amalowedwa m'malo ndi hemoglobin D.
• Matenda a hemoglobin SC:Vutoli limachitika ngati mwalandira jini imodzi ya sickle cell ndi jini imodzi ya hemoglobin C.
• Matenda a Hemoglobin SD: Apa, jini imodzi ya sickle cell ndi jini imodzi ya hemoglobin D zimabadwa nazo.
• Matenda a Hemoglobin SE: Apa, jini imodzi ya sickle cell ndi jini imodzi ya hemoglobin E zimabadwa nazo.
• Matenda a sickle cell: Pa vutoli, maselo ofiira a m'magazi anu amakhala ngati sickle. Izi zimawalepheretsa kuyenda mosavuta m'mitsempha yamagazi ndipo zimatha kuwatsekereza.
• Thalassemias: Mu mkhalidwe uwu, thupi lanu silipanga hemoglobin yokwanira.

Izi zingamveke ngati zovuta pang'ono, koma dokotala akhoza kukufotokozerani zambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti? Onani ngati muli nazonso...

Zizindikiro za hemoglobinopathy zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu, koma pali zizindikiro zina zomwe zimafala:

• Manja ndi mapazi ozizira
• Mkodzo wakuda (kufiyira)
• Kutopa pafupipafupi
• Kuchedwa kukula kwa ana
• Kutuluka kwachikasu pakhungu ndi maso (Jaundice)
• Khungu lotumbululuka
• Kuvuta kupuma, kupuma movutikira
• Kugona kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse
• Kutupa kwa miyendo

Makanda omwe ali ndi hemoglobinopathy yayikulu amatha kuwonetsa zizindikiro akangobadwa. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zimawonekera ali ana. Kwa akuluakulu, zizindikirozi zimatha kukhala zowopsa kwambiri panthawi yomwe matendawa akukulirakulira (monga vuto la sickle cell).

Chifukwa chiyani hemoglobinopathy iyi imachitika?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti pali kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhudza hemoglobin yanu. Mutha kupeza kusintha kwa majini kumeneku kuchokera kwa amayi anu, abambo anu, kapena onse awiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ichi si chinthu chomwe tingathe kuchilamulira, ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku cholowa.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza izi? (Zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo)

Anthu ena ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza hemoglobinopathy. Tiyeni tiwone omwe ali:

• Ngati makolo anu ndi ochokera ku Africa, Mediterranean, Southeast Asia kapena West Asia. (Zimenezi zitha kuonekanso ku Sri Lanka)
• Ngati amayi anu, abambo anu, kapena m'bale wanu ali ndi hemoglobinopathy.
• Ngati mukukhala m'dera lomwe mayeso a hemoglobinopathy a ana obadwa kumene samachitika nthawi zonse.

Ngati muli ndi hemoglobinopathy, pali mwayi woti mwana wanunso adzakhala ndi matendawa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala musanayambe banja.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Ngati hemoglobinopathy siiyendetsedwa bwino, mavuto osiyanasiyana angabuke. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi: Mitundu ina ya hemoglobinopathy ingayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Izi zingayambitse kutopa kwambiri komanso kufooka.
• Matenda ofala: Hemoglobinopathy ingayambitse kufooka kwa chitetezo chamthupi , zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ndi matenda.
• Kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo: Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (hemoglobinopathy) kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi. Ngati magazi okhala ndi mpweya wambiri saperekedwa bwino pakapita nthawi, minofu ndi ziwalo zathu zimatha kuwonongeka.
• Ululu: Mu mitundu ina ya hemoglobinopathy, monga matenda a sickle cell, magazi amaundana amatha kupangika mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi ndikuyitseka. Izi zingayambitse ululu waukulu komanso kuchepa kwa magazi.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola? (Kuzindikira)

Madokotala amachita mayeso angapo kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi hemoglobinopathy.

• Kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC): Iyi nthawi zambiri ndi nthawi yoyamba kuyezetsa magazi. Ikhoza kukuuzani za mitundu ya maselo m'magazi mwanu, kutanthauza kuti, muli ndi angati pa mtundu uliwonse wa selo.
• Kuyesa majini: Kuyesa kumeneku kumatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa majini komwe kumachitika.
• Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Kuyesa kumeneku kumasiyanitsa mamolekyu a hemoglobin ndi chitsanzo cha magazi anu ndipo kumayang'ana zolakwika.
• Kufufuza za iron: Kuyesaku kungachitike kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa iron.
• Kuyezetsa makanda: M'mayiko ambiri monga Canada ndi America, makanda obadwa kumene amayezetsa magazi awo kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi hemoglobinopathy. Zipatala zina ku Sri Lanka zilinso ndi malo ochitira izi.
• Kuyezetsa mwana asanabadwe: Kuyezetsa kumeneku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa ngati mwana wosabadwayo ali ndi hemoglobinopathy panthawi ya mimba.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Pali njira zingapo zochizira matenda a hemoglobinopathy, koma njirazi zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa.

• Kuika magazi: Matenda ena, monga thalassemia ndi matenda a sickle cell, amakhudza kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi. Kuika magazi kungakhale kofunikira kuti hemoglobin ikhale yofanana.
• Mapiritsi a Folic acid: Izi zingathandize kuwonjezera kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi.
• Chithandizo cha majini:Uwu ndi mankhwala atsopano. Asayansi amatenga maselo okhudzidwa m'thupi lanu, n'kuwakonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera, kenako n'kuwabwezeretsa m'thupi lanu. Zili ngati kulembanso malangizo m'majini anu.
• Chithandizo cha iron chelation: Ngati muli ndi iron yochuluka m'thupi lanu, chithandizochi chingachotse iron yochuluka. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera m'kamwa kapena ngati jakisoni.
• Chithandizo cha okosijeni: Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni chithandizo cha okosijeni pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena. Cholinga cha izi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'magazi anu ndikuchepetsa ululu.
• Kusamutsa maselo ofiira a m'magazi: Izi zimaphatikizapo kusintha maselo ofiira a m'magazi osazolowereka ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi athanzi. Komabe, izi sizofala kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kupeza wopereka woyenera. Zimakhalanso ndi chiopsezo cha matenda a graft-versus-host (GvHD) .

Kumbukirani, kutengera mtundu wa hemoglobinopathy womwe muli nawo, simungafunikire chithandizo chilichonse. Choncho ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu ndikufunsani chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu.

Kodi ndidzakhala bwino nthawi yayitali bwanji nditatha kulandira chithandizo?

Zimatengera mtundu wa hemoglobinopathy yomwe muli nayo komanso kuopsa kwake. Anthu ambiri amayamba kumva bwino pakatha milungu kapena miyezi ingapo kuchokera pamene mwayamba kulandira chithandizo.

Matenda a magazi m'thupi ndi vuto lomwe limakhalapo kwa moyo wonse, choncho muyenera kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse komanso kuyang'aniridwa. Dokotala wanu adzakuthandizani kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu.

Kodi tsogolo la anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi lotani?

Mukalandira chithandizo choyenera, tsogolo lanu likhoza kukhala lowala. Anthu opitilira 90% omwe ali ndi hemoglobinopathy amakhalabe ndi moyo mpaka atakula.

Komabe, ngati sichinachiritsidwe, mitundu yambiri ya hemoglobinopathy imatha kubweretsa imfa m'zaka zochepa zoyambirira za moyo. Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira msanga ndi kuchiza ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera mavuto akuluakulu.

Kodi izi sizingapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, ayi. Popeza hemoglobinopathy ndi chinthu chomwe mumachitengera, palibe njira yochitetezera. Komabe, titha kuthana ndi zizindikirozo ndi chithandizo choyenera.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Kukhala ndi hemoglobinopathy kungakhale kovuta, koma ngati mudzisamalira bwino, mutha kuchepetsa ululu ndi zotsatirapo zina.

Nazi malangizo ena omwe angakuthandizeni:

• Imwani madzi ambiri. Yesetsani kumwa malita osachepera awiri kapena atatu a madzi patsiku.
• Khalani ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma musapitirire. Mvetserani thupi lanu. Ngati mukumva kutopa, pumulani.
• Idyani zakudya zokhala ndi ayodini wambiri, mavitamini, ndi mchere wambiri. Phatikizani masamba, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, nyama, ndi nsomba muzakudya zanu.
• Sinthani kupsinjika kwanu. Gwiritsani ntchito kusinkhasinkha, yoga, kapena njira zina zoganizira zomwe mumakonda.
• Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mutetezedwe ku matenda.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga kutopa kwambiri, kupuma movutikira, kapena khungu loyera, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala ndikumuuza za izi.

Ngati mwapezeka kale ndi hemoglobinopathy, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati zizindikiro zanu zayambanso kapena zikuipiraipira. Iye akhoza kusintha chithandizo chanu.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi hemoglobinopathy, ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala mafunso awa:

• Kodi ine/mwana wanga muli ndi mtundu wanji wa hemoglobinopathy?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chamtundu wanji?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuonana ndi akatswiri ena kuti andithandize?
• Kodi ndiyenera kusintha zakudya zanga kapena machitidwe anga olimbitsa thupi?
• Kodi pali mwayi wotani woti ana anga akhale ndi vutoli?
• Kodi muli ndi zambiri zokhudza izi? (monga mabuku, mawebusayiti)

Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kupita ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, imbani 911 (1990 ku Sri Lanka) kapena pitani ku chipinda chadzidzidzi chapafupi nthawi yomweyo:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Chizungulire
• Malungo opitirira madigiri 103 Fahrenheit (39.4 madigiri Celsius)
• Ululu waukulu womwe sumatha ngakhale mutamwa mankhwala
• Zizindikiro za sitiroko, mwachitsanzo, kutaya mwadzidzidzi chidziwitso, kuvutika kulankhula.

Kodi hemoglobinopathy imakhudza bwanji A1C yanga?

Hemoglobinopathy ingayambitse zotsatira za mayeso anu a A1C kukhala zosalondola. Kutengera ndi majini anu, ikhoza kuwonetsa mtengo wotsika kapena wapamwamba kuposa womwe muli nawo.

Ngati muli ndi hemoglobinopathy, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyesedwe mayeso omwe angathandize kuchepetsa vutoli. A1C iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, choncho musaiwale kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Pomaliza, zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira!

Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi mantha komanso nkhawa mukazindikira kuti inu kapena mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la magazi lomwe lakhalapo kwa moyo wonse. Mafunso monga "Kodi hemoglobinopathy idzakhudza bwanji moyo wanga?", "Kodi ndidzakhala ndi ululu nthawi zonse?", "Kodi matendawa adzakhudza bwanji mwana wanga?" angabuke m'maganizo mwanu.

Koma nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti mukalandira chithandizo choyenera komanso kuchepetsa zizindikiro, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi momwe mungathere.Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Musazengereze. Kuzindikira matendawa msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo ndiye chinsinsi cha moyo wautali komanso wathanzi.

Musadandaule, simuli nokha. Madokotala, anamwino, ndi banja lanu adzakuthandizani paulendowu. Khalani olimba mtima!

Hemoglobinopathy , matenda a magazi, matenda obadwa nawo, hemoglobin, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, matenda a sickle cell, thalassemia