Kodi muli ndi chilonda pakhungu lanu chomwe sichichira? Kodi ndi Leishmaniasis? Tiyeni tikambirane za icho!

Kodi munayamba mwaonapo kuti anthu ena ali ndi zilonda pakhungu lawo zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zichiritsidwe, nthawi zina zimasiya zipsera zoyipa? Kapena malungo omwe amakhalapo kwa masiku ambiri, kuchepa thupi, komanso kutupa m'mimba? Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda omwe nthawi zina sitimawaganizira kwambiri, monga nyama yaying'ono ngati ntchentche. Limodzi mwa matenda otere ndi Leishmaniasis. Lero, tikambirana za izi mwatsatanetsatane, mwachidule.

Kodi matenda a Leishmaniasis ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Leishmaniasis ndi gulu la matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa Leishmania . Tizilombo toyambitsa matendati ndi tating'ono kwambiri moti sitingathe kuoneka ndi maso okha popanda kugwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Kunena zoona, ndi gulu la tizilombo totchedwa protozoa, zomwe ndi zamoyo zokhala ndi selo limodzi.

Matendawa amafalikira kwa ife mtundu wa ntchentche yamchenga ikamatiluma. Ntchentchezi ndi zazing'ono kwambiri, nthawi zina zazing'ono kuposa udzudzu. Matendawa angayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana, kuyambira zilonda zosaoneka bwino pakhungu mpaka mavuto omwe amakhudza ziwalo zamkati.

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zomwe nthawi zambiri timaonera izi:

1. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (`(Cutaneous leishmaniasis)`)

2. Matenda a Visceral leishmaniasis ( omwe amakhudza ziwalo zamkati )

Ndani amene angapeze izi?

Matenda a Leishmaniasis amapezeka kwambiri m'madera akumidzi, makamaka m'madera omwe alibe ukhondo wabwino . Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka , monga omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena omwe ali ndi vuto lina la chitetezo chamthupi, amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matendawa ngati atatenga kachilombo ka Leishmania.

Kodi matenda a Leishmaniasis ndi ofala bwanji? Kodi amapezeka ku Sri Lanka?

Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu ena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Leishmania sasonyeza zizindikiro. Choncho n'zovuta kunena momwe matendawa amachitikira kawirikawiri. Komabe, akatswiri akuti anthu pakati pa 1.5 ndi 2 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi amadwala matendawa chaka chilichonse .

Inde, mwatsoka, Leishmaniasis imapezekanso ku Sri Lanka. Makamaka matenda a khungu (`(Cutaneous leishmaniasis)`) apezeka m'malo ouma a dziko lathu, mwachitsanzo m'maboma monga Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Hambantota, ndi Matara. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi izi ndi zofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi?

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Leishmania timapezeka m'maiko opitilira 90 padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Leishmania imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri amaigawa m'mitundu iwiri, "Old World leishmaniasis" ndi "New World leishmaniasis," kutengera komwe imapezeka.

• Leishmaniasis ya Dziko Lakale (`(Leishmaniasis ya Dziko Lakale)`) ku Eastern Hemisphere, ndiko kuti:
• Madera ena a ku Asia
• Mu Africa, makamaka m'maiko otentha ndi kumpoto kwa Africa
• Kumwera kwa Ulaya
• Kuulaya
• New World leishmaniasis (`(New World leishmaniasis)`) ku Western Hemisphere, ndiko kuti:
• Central America
• South America
• Madera ena a ku Mexico

Ngakhale kuti si zachilendo ku United States, milandu ya cutaneous leishmaniasis yanenedwa m'maiko monga Texas ndi Oklahoma.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya Leishmaniasis ndi iti?

Leishmaniasis ingagawidwe m'magulu atatu akuluakulu: khungu, mucosal, ndi visceral.

Matenda a Leishmaniasis a m'matupi (CL)

Uwu ndi matenda omwe amapezeka pakhungu pomwe ntchentche yam'madzi yaluma . Imayamba ngati chotupa chaching'ono kenako n’kusanduka chilonda chachikulu. Zilonda zimenezi zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zichiritsidwe, ndipo nthawi zina sizichira zokha. Zizindikiro zimatha kuyamba mkati mwa milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi ingapo mutaluma ntchentche yam'madzi.

Kawirikawiri, anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi ziphuphu kapena zilonda m'malo osiyanasiyana pakhungu. Izi zimatchedwa `(diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis)`. Izi zimatha kubwereranso ngakhale atalandira chithandizo.

Matenda a Mucosal/Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (ML)

Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ngati vuto la leishmaniasis ya pakhungu . Zimakhudza nembanemba ya mucous mkati mwa mphuno, pakamwa, kapena pakhosi. Vutoli silimatha lokha ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala lopha ngati silinachiritsidwe . Lingayambitsenso kusokonekera kwa nkhope.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) / Kala-azar

Uwu ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa matendawa . Umayambitsidwa ndi mtundu winawake wa Leishmania. Umakhudza ziwalo zanu zamkati, makamaka ndulu yanu ndi chiwindi . Zizindikiro zimatha kutenga miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo kuti ziwonekere mutalumidwa ndi ntchentche yodwala. Matendawa (VL) amatha kukula mofulumira ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala oopsa ngati sanachiritsidwe .

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za leishmaniasis zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo. Mitundu yomwe imakhudza khungu ndi nembanemba ya mucous imayambitsa zilonda zazikulu zomwe zimachira pang'onopang'ono. Mitundu yomwe imakhudza ziwalo zamkati imayambitsa zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi, kuchepa thupi, ndi kutupa m'mimba.

Zizindikiro za Leishmaniasis ya Cutaneous

Chiphuphu chimapangika pakhungu pomwe ntchentche yaluma. Ikhoza kukhala ndi nkhanambo/chipolopolo pamwamba. Pakapita nthawi, izi zimatha kukhala chilonda,Pali m'mphepete wolimba mozungulira, ndi pakati pomira (monga phiri lamoto).

Zizindikiro za Mucosal Leishmaniasis

Zilonda pa nembanemba ya mucous mkati mwa mphuno, pakamwa, kapena pakhosi. Zilonda zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zilonda za pakhungu chimodzi kapena zingapo zisanachitike kapena kutsagana nazo.

Zizindikiro za Visceral Leishmaniasis

Zizindikiro izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Malungo: Izi zingayambe mwadzidzidzi ndipo zingabwere kenako n’kutha kwa milungu ingapo.
• Kumva kuzizira komanso thukuta.
• Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes.
• Kutupa m'mimba chifukwa cha ndulu yokulira.
• Kuchepetsa thupi.
• Kutopa kwambiri, kutopa.
• Kufooka.
• Kudetsa kapena kusintha mtundu wa malo ena a khungu.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a Leishmaniasis? Kodi amafalikira bwanji?

Matenda a Leishmaniasis amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa Leishmania. Tizilomboti timakhala mwa anthu komanso mwa nyama monga agalu, amphaka, opossum, makoswe, ndi nkhandwe.

Amafalikira makamaka kudzera mu kuluma kwa mtundu wa ntchentche yotchedwa phlebotomine sand fly . Ntchentche iyi ikaluma munthu kapena nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka, kenako n’kuluma munthu wina, imalowetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Leishmania m’thupi la munthu winayo.

Kupatula izi, njira zina zomwe mungayambitsire matenda a Leishmania, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri, ndi awa:

• Mwa kugawana singano.
• Kudzera mu kuikidwa magazi.
• Kuyambira mayi wapakati kupita kwa mwana amene ali m'mimba.

Chofunika: Simungathe kutenga leishmaniasis mwachindunji kuchokera kwa galu kapena nyama ina iliyonse. Komabe, pali umboni wakuti agalu amatha kuifalitsa kwa agalu ena. Popeza agalu amathanso kuifalitsa kwa anthu kudzera mu mchenga, ndikofunikira kupewa agalu kuti asaipeze.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi matenda a Leishmaniasis?

Dokotala amafufuza matendawa mwa kutenga zitsanzo za minofu m'thupi lanu ndikuyesa kachilombo ka Leishmania. Zitsanzozi zitha kutengedwa kuchokera ku mabala, ndulu, ma lymph nodes, kapena mafupa. M'mayiko omwe leishmaniasis ndi yofala, madokotala nthawi zambiri amazindikira matendawa mwa kumvetsera zizindikiro kapena kufufuza khungu.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa?

• Kufufuza za singano: Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito singano kutenga chitsanzo cha minofu kuchokera ku ndulu yanu, lymph node, kapena bone morrow. Katswiri wa labu amayang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti aone ngati pali Leishmania. Iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira matenda a visceral leishmaniasis.
• Kufufuza khungu: Dokotala amatenga chithunzi cha minofu kuchokera ku chilonda pakhungu lanu, mphuno, kapena pakamwa. Chimayesedwa ngati chili ndi Leishmania. Izi zimathandiza kuzindikira leishmaniasis ya pakhungu kapena mucosal.
• Kuyezetsa magazi (Serology) : Nthawi zina dokotala angayang'ane magazi anu kuti awone ngati muli ndi matenda a Leishmania. Komabe, kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zambiri sikothandiza kwambiri pozindikira matenda omwe alipo. Chifukwa anthu ena amatha kukhala nawo popanda zizindikiro, kuyezetsa magazi kungakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe matendawa pakadali pano.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza Leishmaniasis. Mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu angakupatseni amadalira mtundu wa Leishmaniasis womwe muli nawo. Mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana:

• Kumeza mapiritsi.
• Mafuta odzola kapena mafuta odzola otonthoza khungu.
• Madzi operekedwa ndi dokotala kudzera mu chubu cha saline (IV catheter) cholowetsedwa mumtsempha.

Ngati muli ndi matenda a khungu otchedwa leishmaniasis, dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito mankhwala otentha (thermotherapy), mankhwala ozizira (cryotherapy), kapena laser therapy mwachindunji pa zilonda. Izi zitha kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuthandiza zilonda kuchira.

Mankhwala a Leishmaniasis:

• Amphotericin
• Miltefosine
• Ma antimonials a Pentavalent, mwachitsanzo sodium stibogluconate
• Paromomycin

Mankhwala ena nthawi zina amaperekedwa pa matenda a khungu otchedwa leishmaniasis. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Thermotherapy : Dokotala amapaka kutentha pa bala ndi malo ozungulira.
• Cryotherapy : Dokotala amaziziritsa bala ndi malo ozungulira kwa masekondi pafupifupi 10-30.
• Chithandizo cha laser : Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja kuti atsogolere kuwala kwa laser pabala ndi malo ozungulira.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji matenda a Leishmaniasis?

Njira yabwino yopewera mitundu yonse ya matenda a Leishmaniasis ndikupewa kulumidwa ndi ntchentche zamchenga , makamaka m'madera omwe Leishmania ndi yofala. Nazi njira zina zopewera kulumidwa ndi ntchentche zamchenga:

• Valani zovala zophimba thupi lanu bwino: mathalauza aatali, malaya a manja aatali, masokosi, ndi zina zotero.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othamangitsira tizilombo ovomerezeka ndi EPA. Mankhwala othamangitsira tizilombo ogwira ntchito kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi DEET.
• Thirani mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti muphe ntchentche zamchenga m'nyumba, monga m'zipinda zogona ndi m'zipinda zochezera.
• Gonani m'chipinda chotsekedwa mawindo kapena mawindo ali ndi zingwe.
• Gonani pansi pa ukonde woteteza udzudzu. Maukonde ena amaikidwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti atetezedwe bwino. Ntchentche zam'mphepete mwa mchenga ndi zazing'ono kwambiri kuposa udzudzu. Choncho mabowo omwe ali mu ukonde ayenera kukhala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kuti ntchentche zisalowe.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutadwala matenda a Leishmaniasis? Kodi angachiritsidwe?

Ngati mutenga matendawa, nthawi yoti mudziteteze ku matendawa imadalira mtundu wa matendawa womwe muli nawo komanso thanzi la chitetezo chamthupi chanu. Mtundu womwe umakhudza ziwalo zamkati (VL) ndi mtundu womwe umakhudza nembanemba ya mucous (ML) uyenera kuchiritsidwa mwachangu. Zonsezi nthawi zambiri zimapha ngati sizikuchiritsidwa.

Matenda a cutaneous leishmaniasis amatha okha kapena ndi chithandizo. Komabe, zingatenge miyezi kuti achire bwino, ndipo zipsera zosatha zimatha kuchitika.

Mungafunike kupitiriza kumwa mankhwala kwa milungu kapena miyezi kuti muwonetsetse kuti matendawa atha. Funsani dokotala wanu za chithandizo ndi nthawi yochira.

Matenda a Leishmaniasis nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ngati dokotala apeza matendawa msanga ndikuchiza ndi mankhwala. Ndi chithandizo choyambirira, kuchuluka kwa machiritso a visceral leishmaniasis kumaposa 90%, ndipo kwa mucosal leishmaniasis, kumaposa 75%. Anthu ena amatha kudwalanso miyezi ingapo atachira ndipo alibe kachilomboka (izi zimatchedwa kubwereranso).

Matenda a Visceral ndi mucosal leishmaniasis ndi ovuta kuchiza ngati sanachiritsidwe. Ndi ovutanso kuchiza anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka.

Kodi mavuto a matendawa ndi otani?

Mavuto a leishmaniasis akhoza kukhala oopsa kapena oopsa, makamaka m'mawonekedwe a visceral ndi mucosal.

• Matenda a bakiteriya: Izi zimatchedwanso matenda enaake. Izi zingapangitse kuti mabala aziipiraipira. Mabakiteriya amatha kulowa m'thupi mwawo ndikuyambitsa matenda oopsa.
• Zilonda: Matenda a khungu ndi mucosal leishmaniasis angayambitse kuwonongeka kosatha komanso zilonda zoopsa pakhungu, pakamwa, ndi mphuno.
• Kubwereranso: Anthu ena amakhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimatha akalandira chithandizo kenako n’kubwereranso. Zilonda za pakhungu zomwe zimabwereranso zimatchedwa ``leishmaniasis recidivans.'' Ngati izi zitachitika, chithandizo china chingafunike.
• Kuboola kapena kugwa kwa Septal:Matenda a mucosal leishmaniasis angayambitse dzenje pakati pa mphuno ziwiri (khoma pakati pa mphuno - ``(septum)``). Kapangidwe ka mphuno kangagwe. Izi zingayambitse kupunduka, matenda, komanso kupuma movutikira.
• Matenda a chibayo kapena matenda a m'mimba (matenda a m'mimba): Matenda a mucosal ndi visceral leishmaniasis angayambitse matenda m'mbali zina za thupi.

Mavuto ena a visceral leishmaniasis:

• Pambuyo pa kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL): PKDL ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa zilonda zazikulu komanso zotupa pankhope kapena ziwalo zina za thupi. Zitha kuchitika panthawi ya kapena pambuyo pa leishmaniasis ya visceral. Zitha kukhala nthawi yayitali ndipo zingayambitse zipsera zoopsa.
• Kutuluka magazi kwambiri: Kutuluka magazi kwambiri kumatha kupha.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Ichi ndi vuto lomwe lingayambitse imfa, lomwe limawononga ziwalo.
• Sepsis: Sepsis ndi njira yomwe thupi limayankhira matenda oopsa yomwe imaika moyo pachiswe.

Kodi ndiyenera kudzisamalira bwanji?

Funsani dokotala wanu momwe mungadzisamalire mpaka mutachira. Ngati muli ndi matenda a leishmaniasis pakhungu, dokotala wanu adzakuuzani momwe mungatsukire ndi kusamalira zilondazo mpaka zitachira. Ndi mitundu yonse ya leishmaniasis, yang'anirani zizindikiro zomwe zimabwereranso ngakhale mutaganiza kuti mwachira.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Pitani kwa dokotala wanu pazochitika izi:

• Ngati mukukhala m'dera lomwe matenda a Leishmania ndi ofala kwambiri kapena mwayendapo ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro.
• Ngati bala pakhungu lanu limatenga nthawi yayitali kuti lipole.
• Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka kapena muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda, pitani kwa dokotala.

Ngati mulibe zizindikiro zilizonse mutalumidwa ndi ntchentche yamchenga, simuyenera kupita kwa dokotala. Si ntchentche zonse zamchenga zomwe zimafalitsa matenda. Nthawi zina matupi athu amatha kulimbana ndi matenda a Leishmania popanda kuyambitsa matenda. Pokhapokha ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka kapena mutadwala kale, madokotala nthawi zambiri sangakupatseni chithandizo.

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Chipinda Chothandizira Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa izi, pitani ku chipinda chapafupi chadzidzidzi:

• Ngati muli ndi malungo amphamvu (oposa 103 Fahrenheit / 40 Celsius) satsika.
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kutupa koonekera bwino kwa mimba.
• Kuoneka kwachikasu pakhungu kapena m'maso (jaundice).
• Mtundu wabuluu wa khungu, milomo, kapena misomali (cyanosis, chizindikiro cha mpweya wochepa m'magazi).

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Zingakhale zothandiza kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kusamalira bwanji mabala anga?
• Kodi ndidzachira liti/kodi mabala anga adzachira liti?
• Kodi matenda anga ndi aakulu bwanji?
• Kodi ndiyenera kumwa mankhwala anga bwanji?
• Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku chipinda chadzidzidzi liti?
• Ndiyenera kukuonaninso liti?

Kumbukirani mwachidule

Leishmaniasis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe angayambitse matenda opweteka komanso oopsa. Ngati mukukhala kapena mukupita kudera lomwe Leishmania ndi yofala, chitanipo kanthu kuti mudziteteze. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za Leishmaniasis, kapena ngati muli ndi chilonda chomwe sichichira kapena chikukulirakulira, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza chithandizo chamankhwala. Anthu ambiri omwe amalandira chithandizo chisanafike poipa kwambiri amatha kuchira kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikirozi ndikupempha chithandizo mwachangu.

leishmaniasis , kala-azar, sandfly, chilonda cha pakhungu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda