Zimene muyenera kudziwa zokhudza Lymphoma - Tiyeni tikambirane!

Kodi munayamba mwakhala ndi zotupa zazing'ono m'thupi lanu, makamaka m'malo monga khosi lanu, m'khwapa, ndi m'mimba? Kapena munayamba mwamva kutopa kwambiri komanso kutopa popanda chifukwa? Zinthuzi zimatha kuchitika ngakhale mutadwala chimfine. Komabe, nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zizindikiro za mtundu wa khansa wotchedwa lymphoma . Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za lymphoma, momwe imakulira, zizindikiro zake, komanso ngati pali chithandizo.

Kodi Lymphoma ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, lymphoma ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'thupi lathu. Monga mitsempha yamagazi, thupi lathu lili ndi netiweki ya njira zazing'ono zotchedwa lymphatic system. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuteteza thupi lathu ku matenda, kutanthauza, kulimbana ndi majeremusi. Dongosolo la lymphatic ili limapangidwa ndi ma lymph nodes, mitsempha ya lymph, ndi ziwalo zina zingapo.

Mtundu wapadera wa selo mu dongosolo la lymphatic limatchedwa lymphocytes . Awa kwenikweni ndi mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi. Lymphoma imachitika pamene maselo a lymph awa ayamba kukula modabwitsa, mosalamulirika. Monga udzu, maselowa amakula kwambiri ndipo amasonkhana pamodzi kuti apange zotupa. Izi zimaonedwanso ngati khansa ya m'magazi, chifukwa imayamba m'maselo oyera a magazi.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya lymphoma:

1. Hodgkin lymphoma

2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu iwiriyi, pali mitundu ina yoposa 70. Mitundu ina ya lymphoma ndi yaukali kwambiri , pomwe ina ndi yaulesi kwambiri. Gawo labwino kwambiri ndilakuti nthawi zambiri, lymphoma imatha kulamulidwa (kuchotsedwa) kapena kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi chithandizo. Aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi lymphoma, kuyambira ana aang'ono mpaka akuluakulu. Koma m'nkhaniyi, tikambirana makamaka za lymphoma mwa akuluakulu.

Kodi lymphoma ndi matenda ofala?

Ayi, lymphoma si matenda ofala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya khansa. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la American Cancer Society likuyembekeza kuti milandu yatsopano pafupifupi 89,000 ya lymphoma idzapezeka ku United States mu 2023. Nthawi yomweyo, akuti milandu pafupifupi 236,740 ya khansa ya m'mapapo idzapezeka. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti lymphoma ndi yosowa kwambiri.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga lymphoma?

• Matenda a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 60 ndi 80. Amuna ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wodwala matendawa kuposa akazi.
• Matenda a Hodgkin lymphoma amatha kufalikira mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 20 ndi 39 komanso mwa anthu azaka zopitirira 65. Amafalanso pang'ono mwa amuna.

Kodi zizindikiro zofala za lymphoma ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za lymphoma zimatha kufanana ndi za matenda ena osaopsa kwenikweni. Musamaope kuganiza kuti muli ndi lymphoma chifukwa chakuti muli ndi zizindikirozi. Komabe, ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse kapena zizindikiro zatsopano zomwe sizimatha pakatha milungu ingapo, ndi bwino kuonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.

Zizindikiro zomwe zingakhale zofala kwa onse a Hodgkin ndi non-Hodgkin lymphoma ndi izi:

• Kutupa kosapweteka: Kutupa kwa lymph kamodzi kapena zingapo m'khosi, m'khwapa, kapena m'mimba zomwe zimatupa ndipo sizimatha pakatha milungu ingapo. Izi zingamveke ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tingamve m'dzanja.
• Kutopa kosalekeza: Kumva kutopa komanso kutopa tsiku lonse, ngakhale mutagona bwino.
• Malungo obwerezabwereza: Malungo opitirira 103 Fahrenheit (39.5 Celsius) kwa masiku opitilira awiri, kapena malungo omwe amatha kenako n’kubwereranso.
• Kutuluka thukuta usiku: Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri usiku ukugona kotero kuti ma sheet ndi zovala zimanyowa.
• Kupuma movutikira: Kumva ngati chifuwa chaphwanyika, ngati kuti simungathe kupuma.
• Kuchepetsa thupi mosadziwika: Kuchepetsa thupi pafupifupi 10% ya kulemera konse mkati mwa miyezi 6, popanda kudya kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Chofunika: Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi lymphoma. Komabe, ndikofunikirabe kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala.

Kodi zifukwa za lymphoma ndi ziti?

Lymphoma imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini (masinthidwe) m'maselo oyera amagazi m'thupi la lymphatic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale maselo a khansa omwe amakula mofulumira popanda kulamulira. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kusintha kwa majini kumeneku. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri kumachitika mwadzidzidzi .

Komabe, kafukufuku wapeza kuti matenda ndi mavuto ena angapangitse kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto la lymphoma. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Ngati mwakhalapo kapena muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV (kachilombo kopanda chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu) , kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr (kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matenda a mononucleosis kapena kissing disease) , kapena kachilombo ka Kaposi sarcoma .
• Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi lymphoma (mbiri ya banja).
• Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chafooka chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena chithandizo chamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe adasamutsidwa ziwalo amamwa mankhwala otchedwa immunosuppressants kuti aletse thupi kukana chiwalo chomwe chasamutsidwacho. Mankhwalawa amafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a autoimmune , iyi ndi vuto lomwe chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimaukira thupi lanu molakwika m'malo mokutetezani.

Kodi lymphoma imapezedwa bwanji?

Madokotala amachita mayeso angapo kuti adziwe matenda a lymphoma.

1. Kuwunika thupi: Yang'anani zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Yang'anani ngati pali kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes ndi ziwalo monga ndulu.

2. Kuyeza kwa magazi: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotsimikizira kuti munthu ali ndi lymphoma. Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kamatengedwa kuchokera ku lymph node yotupa kapena minofu ina yokayikitsa ndipo kamafufuzidwa ndi dokotala wa matenda . Izi ndi zomwe zingakuuzeni ngati maselo a khansa alipo, ndipo ngati alipo, ndi mtundu wanji wa lymphoma.

Ngati mayesowa akusonyeza kuti ali ndi lymphoma, madokotala adzachita mayeso ena a magazi ndi zithunzi kuti adziwe zambiri za vutoli ndikukonzekera chithandizo.

Kuyezetsa magazi

• Kuchuluka kwa magazi (CBC) ndi kusiyana: Izi zimayang'ana kuchuluka kwa zinthu monga maselo oyera a magazi, maselo ofiira a magazi, ndi ma platelet.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): Izi zimathandiza kudziwa kutupa m'thupi.
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): Mlingo uwu ukhoza kukwera pamene maselo akukula/kufa mofulumira.
• Mayeso a ntchito ya chiwindi ndi impso.
• Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP): Izi ndizofunikira pofufuza mapuloteni osazolowereka (mapuloteni a M) omwe amapangidwa m'ma lymphoma ena.

Mayeso ojambula zithunzi

• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed tomography - CT scan): Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuona ngati ma lymph nodes, ndulu, kapena ziwalo zina zatupa, komanso ngati khansa yafalikira.
• Kujambula kwa PET (Positron emissions tomography - PET scan): Izi zimathandiza kwambiri kuzindikira madera omwe maselo a khansa amapezeka. Kujambula kwa PET nthawi zambiri kumachitika limodzi ndi CT scan . Nthawi zina kujambulidwa kwa MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Ngati muli ndi non-Hodgkin lymphoma , dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso ena kuti adziwe majini ndi mapuloteni enaake okhudzana ndi matendawa.

Kodi mankhwala a lymphoma ndi ati?

Chithandizo cha lymphoma chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa lymphoma. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi mtundu wa lymphoma woopsa kwambiri, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni zomwe zimatchedwa kuyang'aniridwa mwachangu kapena kudikira mosamala musanayambe chithandizo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thanzi lanu ndi zizindikiro za lymphoma zimayang'aniridwa mosamala, ndipo chithandizo sichiyamba mpaka matendawa atakula kwambiri.

Mankhwala odziwika bwino a lymphoma ndi awa:

• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy
• Chithandizo cha radiation
• Chithandizo cholunjika
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy
• Chithandizo cha maselo a CAR T
• Kusamutsa maselo oyambira kapena mafuta a m'mafupa

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeninso chisamaliro chochepetsa ululu ngati gawo la dongosolo lanu la chithandizo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuthana ndi zizindikiro ndi zotsatirapo zake. Zimaphatikizaponso kupereka chithandizo chamaganizo ndi chitonthozo.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?

Mankhwala a lymphoma angayambitse zotsatirapo zosiyanasiyana. Popeza aliyense amayankha mosiyana ndi mankhwala omwewo, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala wanu za zotsatirapo za chithandizo chanu komanso momwe mungathanirane nazo.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo cha lymphoma?

Ofufuza akufufuzabe zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a lymphoma. Pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti mitundu ina ya mavairasi ndi mbiri ya banja zingakulitse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda a lymphoma. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mungakhale pachiwopsezo cha matenda a lymphoma chifukwa cha mbiri yanu yachipatala kapena mbiri ya banja, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi lymphoma angakhale ndi chiyembekezo chotani?

Mapeto a chithandizo chanu ndi omwe mungayembekezere mukamaliza kulandira chithandizo. Izi zimadalira zinthu zambiri, monga mtundu wa lymphoma yomwe muli nayo, zaka zanu, komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chingapangitse kuti lymphoma ichepe kapena kuchira kwathunthu. Kuchira kumatanthauza kuti mulibe zizindikiro za lymphoma ndipo palibe zizindikiro za lymphoma zomwe zimapezeka pa mayeso.

Komabe, lymphoma yomwe yayamba kuchira ikhoza kubwereranso. Ngati muli ndi lymphoma yomwe yayamba kuchira, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala wanu kuti mukakumane naye nthawi zonse. Dokotala wanu adzachita mayeso kuti awone ngati pali zizindikiro za lymphoma. Zizindikiro ndi zinthu zomwe mumamva komanso zomwe mungathe kuzifotokoza. Zizindikiro ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zingayesedwe ndi mayeso a magazi, monga malungo ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi.

Kodi mlingo wa mankhwala a lymphoma ndi wotani?

Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti 89% ya anthu omwe ali ndi Hodgkin lymphoma ndi 74% ya anthu omwe ali ndi non-Hodgkin lymphoma ali ndi moyo zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene adapezeka ndi matendawa.

Ziwerengero za kupulumuka kumeneku ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku zomwe zachitika m'magulu omwe ali ndi matenda omwewo. Sizipereka chiwerengero chenicheni cha nthawi yomwe munthu adzakhala ndi lymphoma. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza izi, funsani dokotala wanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kudzisamalira bwanji ngati ndili ndi lymphoma?

Ngati muli ndi lymphoma, zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kupanga dongosolo loti mukhale ndi vutoli. Dongosololi lidzakuthandizani panthawi yoyamba ya chithandizo, komanso panthawi yoyendera dokotala. Nazi zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kuganizira popanga dongosolo lanu:

• Dziwani momwe chithandizo cha lymphoma chingakhudzire moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku. Kenako mutha kusankha ngati mukufuna thandizo kunyumba kapena nthawi yoti mukalandire chithandizo.
• Idyani zakudya zoyenera. Phatikizani zakudya monga nyama yopanda mafuta ambiri, ndiwo zamasamba, tirigu wonse, ndi yogati muzakudya zanu. Chithandizo cha khansa chingakuthandizeni kutaya chilakolako chanu. Ngati izi zitachitika, lankhulani ndi katswiri wazakudya za njira zopezera michere yomwe mukufuna kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu panthawi ya chithandizo.
• Pezani nthawi yanu nokha. Chitani zinthu monga kulemba nkhani, kumvetsera nyimbo, kukhala panja. Kukhala ndi khansa n'kovutitsa maganizo. Zinthu monga kusinkhasinkha ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi popuma zingathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungachepetse kutopa ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndikukweza moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi lymphoma.
• Khansa ikhoza kukhala vuto lokhalokha. Zingakhale zovuta kulankhula ndi banja lanu ndi anzanu za matenda anu. Funsani dokotala wanu za mautumiki ndi mapulogalamu omwe angakuthandizeni.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi iliyonse mukaganiza kuti zizindikiro zanu za lymphoma zikuipiraipira, kapena nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukufuna thandizo pothana ndi zotsatirapo za chithandizo.

Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kupita ku chipinda chadzidzidzi?

Mankhwala ambiri a khansa amakhudza chitetezo chamthupi chanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chithandizo chanu cha khansa chingakulitse chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda. Nazi zizindikiro zina zomwe zingafunike kuti mupite kuchipatala chadzidzidzi:

• Malungo a 100.3 Fahrenheit (39.5 Celsius) kapena kupitirira apo.
• Kumva kuzizira komanso kunjenjemera (Kuzizira).
• Chifuwa chobala kapena "chonyowa".
• Kupweteka m'mimba.
• Kutsegula m'mimba kosalekeza kwa milungu yoposa iwiri.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mafunso omwe mungakhale nawo paulendo wanu wa khansa angasinthe pakapita nthawi. Ngati mwangopezeka ndi matenda a lymphoma, nayi mafunso oyambira omwe mungafunse:

• Kodi mukudziwa bwanji kuti ndili ndi lymphoma?
• Ndi mtundu wanji wa lymphoma womwe ndili nawo?
• Kodi ndakhala ndi lymphoma iyi kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake za mankhwala aliwonse ndi ziti?
• Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani pa vuto langa (kuneneratu za matenda anga)?

Kodi lymphoma ndi khansa yoopsa?

Zimatengera mtundu wa lymphoma yomwe muli nayo. Mwachitsanzo, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Izi zingapangitse thupi lanu kukhala losavuta kudwala matenda oopsa, mitundu ina ya khansa, ndi matenda a mtima. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu pafupifupi 300,000 padziko lonse lapansi amafa chifukwa cha mtundu wina wa lymphoma yomwe si ya Hodgkin.

Kodi lymphoma ingapezeke kudzera mu mayeso a magazi?

Mayeso a magazi amatha kuzindikira zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera amagazi. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi monga lymphoma kapena leukemia. Komabe, mayeso a magazi okha sangatsimikizire ngati muli ndi lymphoma. Madokotala amazindikira lymphoma makamaka kutengera zotsatira za mayeso a biopsy ndi kujambula .

Kodi lymphoma imayamba bwanji nthawi zambiri?

Lymphoma ingayambire kulikonse m'thupi lanu komwe muli ma lymphocyte. Awa ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi omwe amalimbana ndi matenda. Amapezeka m'ma lymph node anu, ndulu, m'mafupa, ndi m'mbali zina za thupi lanu. Chizindikiro choyamba chodziwika kwambiri ndi kutupa kwa ma lymph node m'khosi, pachifuwa chapamwamba, m'khwapa, m'mimba, kapena m'mimba.

Kodi lymphoma ingakhalepo nthawi yayitali bwanji popanda kudziwika?

Mukhoza kukhala ndi lymphoma kwa zaka zambiri popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro za lymphoma zimapezeka mwangozi panthawi yoyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse pazifukwa zina.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Lymphoma ndi matenda oopsa. Mwamwayi, mankhwala a lymphoma akukwera, zomwe zimathandiza anthu kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Chiwerengero cha anthu opulumuka chikukwera chaka chilichonse. Ofufuza akupezanso zambiri zokhudza zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a lymphoma.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli pachiwopsezo cha matenda a lymphoma, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Ngati ndi choncho, iye adzakufotokozerani zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze thanzi lanu.

Kumbukirani, kuzindikira matenda msanga ndi chithandizo choyenera ndiye zinthu zofunika kwambiri.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

lymphoma , khansa, ma lymph nodes, zizindikiro, chithandizo, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma