Kodi mabakiteriya awa akuyambitsa mavuto m'mapapu anu? Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino za (MAC Lung Disease)!

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kutopa popanda chifukwa, kapena muli ndi chifuwa chomwe chimatenga nthawi yayitali? Ngakhale kuti sitisamala kwambiri zinthu zazing'ono ngati zimenezi m'miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira pang'ono. Chabwino, lero tikambirana za matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha gulu lapadera la mabakiteriya omwe angakhudze mapapo athu. Izi zimatchedwa Matenda a MAC Lung .

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo a MAC ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, matenda a mapapo a MAC ndi matenda a mapapo athu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha gulu la mabakiteriya otchedwa Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) . Mabakiteriya amenewa nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi nafe, m'fumbi, m'nthaka, ndi m'madzi. Ngakhale kuti mabakiteriyawa amalowa m'thupi tikamapuma kapena kumeza chinthu, anthu ambiri sadwala. Komabe, kwa anthu ena, makamaka omwe ali ndi zofooka zina m'mapapo mwawo kapena omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa chamthupi, pamene mabakiteriya a MAC awa alowa m'njira yopumira, matenda aakulu amatha kuyamba. Matendawa amachititsa kuti munthu avutike kupuma. Ngati atapezeka mochedwa, zingakhalenso zovuta kuchiza. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti matenda a mapapo a MAC awa si matenda omwe angapatsiridwe kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina.

Kodi mabakiteriya a MAC amawoneka bwanji?

Mabakiteriya a MAC ndi mamembala a banja lalikulu la mabakiteriya otchedwa Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) . Pali mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya NTM. Mabakiteriya a MAC ndi omwe amachititsa pafupifupi 80% ya matenda a NTM m'mapapo m'maiko ngati United States.

Taganizirani izi, matenda a NTM awa sali ngati a Chifuwa chachikulu (TB) chomwe tonse timachidziwa. Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda omwe amafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina ndipo amatha kukhala oopsa mwachangu. Mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa matendawa ndi osiyana, otchedwa `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)`.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya a mycobacteria mkati mwa gulu la MAC, koma chithandizo ndi kasamalidwe ka matendawa ndizofanana kwambiri.

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo a MAC ndi ofala bwanji?

Ku United States kokha kuli anthu oposa 86,000 omwe ali ndi matenda a NTM. Matenda a MAC m'mapapo ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri, ndipo amachititsa pafupifupi 80% ya matenda a NTM. Chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a NTM m'mapapo chakhala chikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono m'zaka makumi awiri zapitazi , ndipo akatswiri akuti izi zipitirira.

Ndi mitundu iti ya matenda a MAC omwe alipo?

Matenda a MAC akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo akuluakulu:

• Matenda a MAC m'mapapo: Awa ndi omwe amakhudza mwachindunji mapapo athu ndi dongosolo lathu lopumira.
• Matenda a MAC ofalitsidwa: Awa ndi matenda omwe amafalikira m'thupi lonse kudzera m'magazi. Amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe chitetezo chawo cha mthupi chimafooka kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda monga Edzi .
• Lymphadenitis yokhudzana ndi MAC:Izi zimakhudza kwambiri ana athanzi. Ma lymph nodes m'malo ngati khosi amatupa.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda a m'mapapo a MAC...

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda a m'mapapo a MAC omwe timawona:

1. Nodular bronchiectasis: Apa ndi pamene matendawa amakula m'njira zazing'ono zopumira mpweya ndi matumba a mpweya m'mapapo, ndipo amawoneka ngati timibulu tating'onoting'ono pa X-ray ya pachifuwa. Timibuluti timatha kukula kwambiri. Matendawa a nthawi yayitali amayambitsa vuto lotchedwa bronchiectasis . Izi zikutanthauza kuti njira zopumira mpweya zimakula mosalekeza, ngati chubu cha rabara chomwe chikukalamba ndikutambasuka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchiza matenda ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda atsopano. Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri mwa amayi achikulire, owonda, komanso osasuta. Ngati sunalandire chithandizo, ukhoza kuyambitsa matenda monga bronchitis ndi chibayo.

2. Matenda a Fibrocavitary: Uwu ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa matenda a mapapo a MAC. Umafunika kuchiritsidwa mwachangu. Ngati matendawa ayambitsa mabowo (mabowo) m'minofu ya mapapo, matendawa ndi akuya kwambiri ndipo akhoza kukhala ovuta kuchiza. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa osuta fodya kapena anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga emphysema.

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo a MAC amakula bwanji?

Takambirana kale za momwe mabakiteriya a MAC amapezeka mwachilengedwe m'nthaka ndi m'madzi. Tikakumba nthaka ndikuyambitsa fumbi, mabakiteriyawa amatha kutulutsidwa mumlengalenga ndikulowa m'thupi lathu tikamapuma. Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito m'minda ndipo nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi nthaka amatha kukhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya a MAC kuposa ena. Komanso, mabakiteriyawa amapezeka m'madzi, ndipo amatha kupezeka m'madzi omwe timagwiritsa ntchito kunyumba. Kuthira mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso nthawi zina ngakhale kutentha madzi sikupha mabakiteriyawa. Izi zingamveke zoopsa pang'ono, koma anthu ambiri savulazidwa ndi mabakiteriyawa. Tonsefe timakumana ndi mabakiteriya a NTM pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, koma anthu ambiri samatenga matenda.

Komabe, mwa anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi zinthu zina zoopsa, mabakiteriya amatha kupita ku mapapo ndikukula pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina kwa zaka zambiri. Matenda a mapapo a MAC amenewa amayambitsa kutupa kochepa komanso kusintha kosasinthika m'njira zopumira, mpaka matendawa atapezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a mapapo a MAC?

Matenda a m'mapapo a MAC amatha kufalikira pa msinkhu uliwonse komanso mwa amuna kapena akazi, koma anthu opitirira zaka 65 ndi akazi omwe adasiya kusamba ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Kuphatikiza apo, muli ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a mapapo a MAC ngati:

• Ngati ndinu wosuta fodya.
• Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto la m'mapapo monga ili:
• (Kutupa kwa mapapo)(ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda a bronchiectasis)
• (Matenda osatha oletsa kupuma m'mapapo - COPD )
• (Cystic fibrosis)
• (Emphysema)
• Ngati munakhalapo ndi chifuwa chachikulu (TB) kale.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo a MAC ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo a MAC zimasiyana, ndipo chifukwa chakuti sizili zenizeni, matenda amatha kuchedwa. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri kapena zosaoneka bwino. Nthawi zina zizindikiro sizingagwirizane ndi dongosolo la kupuma. Ngati zizindikiro zichitika, mungakumane ndi izi:

• Chifuwa chosatha (ngati chili ndi phlegm kapena ayi). Tangoganizirani munthu ngati Nilanthi, yemwe wakhala akutsokomola kwa miyezi ingapo, ndipo phlegm ikutuluka pang'onopang'ono, koma akuganiza kuti ndi chimfine wamba.
• Kutsokomola magazi (Hemoptysis) .
• Kutopa .
• Malungo otsika (nthawi zambiri pakati pa madigiri 37.5 ndi 37.9 Celsius - 99.6 F mpaka 100.3 F).
• Kutuluka thukuta usiku.
• Kupuma movutikira .
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino komanso kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa.
• Nkhawa.

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo a MAC amapezeka bwanji ?

Dokotala wanu adzayamba kaye wakuyezani ndikufunsani za zizindikiro zanu.

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a m'mapapo a MAC ndi awa:

• Ma X-ray pachifuwa makamaka ma CT scan. Izi zimatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa mapapo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda.
• Kumera kwa makoswe. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha makoswe m'mapapo mwanu ndikuchiyesa kuti muwone ngati chikukulitsa mabakiteriya a MAC. Popeza tonsefe timakhala ndi mabakiteriya a MAC tsiku lililonse, mayesowa angachitike kangapo kwa masiku angapo kuti atsimikizire kuti mabakiteriyawo akuchokeradi m'mapapo mwanu.
• Bronchoscopy. Izi zili ngati colonoscopy, koma zimachitika m'mapapo (pogwiritsa ntchito chida china chaching'ono). Zimachitidwa pamene matenda sangathe kudziwika ndi mayeso a sputum.

Kodi mankhwala a matenda a m'mapapo a MAC ndi ati?

Popeza matenda a m'mapapo a MAC ndi ovuta kuchiza, muyenera kuonana ndi katswiri wa matenda opatsirana kapena katswiri wa m'mapapo. Madokotala onsewa ali ndi chidziwitso chapadera pakupeza ndi kuchiza matenda.

Chithandizo cha matenda a m'mapapo a MAC chimasiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro. Zingaphatikizepo:

• Kudikira mosamala:Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa komanso osasintha kwambiri m'mapapo awo akamayesedwa, sangafunike chithandizo cha maantibayotiki poyamba. Komabe, ayenera kuonana ndi dokotala wawo nthawi zonse komanso kuyesedwa kupuma ndi makoswe.
• Kuchotsa mpweya: Iyi ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amathandiza mapapo kuchotsa mamina (ndi mabakiteriya omwe ali mmenemo) m'njira zopumira zomwe zili ndi matenda. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a bronchiectasis. Amaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana zopumira zomwe zimaperekedwa kudzera mu nebulizer , komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa mamina m'munsi mwa mapapo.
• Mankhwala: Ngati kuchotsa mpweya m'mapapo sikukwanira, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda . Chisankho choyamba chithandizo chidzadalira zinthu zingapo komanso kukambirana ndi katswiri wanu. Nthawi zina mabakiteriya amatha kukhala osagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangaphedwe ndi mankhwalawo. Kuti muchepetse chiopsezochi ndikupha mabakiteriya onse, mungafunike kumwa mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala opha tizilombo kwa miyezi 12 mpaka 18. Kwa anthu omwe sayankha mankhwala ena opha tizilombo mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, bungwe la US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) posachedwapa lavomereza mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Opaleshoni: Nthawi zambiri, ngati maantibayotiki sathandiza, opaleshoni ingafunike kuchotsa mbali ya mapapo yomwe yakhudzidwa. Mukamaliza opaleshoni, muyenera kumwa maantibayotiki kwa kanthawi kochepa kuti muphe mabakiteriya otsala.

Kodi timakhala bwanji ndi matenda a m'mapapo a MAC? (Kasamalidwe)

Zinthu izi zingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo a MAC:

• Pezani njira zochotsera mamina m'mapapo mwanu. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera mphindi 150 pa sabata (makamaka ngati mukuyenerera kulandira chithandizo cha mapapu ), kuphunzira za njira za chifuwa ndi kupuma kuchokera kwa katswiri wothandiza kupuma, kukhosomola koyenera, kutulutsa madzi m'malo mwake (mawonekedwe omwe amathandiza kuchotsa mamina m'mapapo), ndi kugwedeza chifuwa kuti muchotse mamina.
• Pezani thandizo kuti musiye kusuta fodya , ndipo pewani kusuta fodya ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingawononge mapapo anu.
• Pezani katemera. Dzitetezeni ku matenda ena owonjezera a kupuma monga chimfine, chibayo, ndi COVID-19.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera mwa kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Malo ambiri ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ali ndi akatswiri azakudya omwe angathandize ndi kusowa zakudya komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda omwe amachira pang'onopang'ono monga MAC.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angayambitse matenda a m'mapapo a MAC?

Kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki kwa nthawi yayitaliChiwopsezo cha kukana mankhwala opha maantibayotiki chingawonjezeke. Komanso, zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala, monga nseru, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi kupweteka m'mimba, zitha kuchitika. Popeza mankhwala aliwonse opha maantibayotiki ali ndi zotsatirapo zake, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Anthu okalamba ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a bakiteriya otchedwa Clostridium difficile (C. diff) akamamwa mankhwala opha tizilombo kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi zimachitika chifukwa maantibayotiki amapha mabakiteriya abwino m'matumbo omwe amathandiza kugaya chakudya. Matenda a C. diff amakhudza dongosolo la m'mimba ndipo amayambitsa kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri komanso kosatha. Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa pamoyo.

Matenda aakulu a m'mapapo a MAC angakulepheretseni kuchita zinthu zomwe munkakonda kale. Zotsatira zake, mungakhale ndi nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo.

Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji chiopsezo chotenga matenda a mapapo a MAC?

Njira izi zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga kachilombo ka mabakiteriya a MAC:

• Ngati dokotala wanu akuganiza kuti mabakiteriya a MAC anu amachokera ku malo osambira otentha kapena ma sauna, pewani malo otentha, okhala ndi nthunzi, komanso obwerezabwereza kuyenda kwa madzi.
• Yatsani makina opumira mpweya m'bafa ndi kukhitchini kuti muchotse nthunzi.
• Ikani chotenthetsera madzi otentha m'nyumba mwanu pa madigiri Celsius osachepera 54.4 (130 Fahrenheit).
• Valani chigoba cha fumbi mukamagwira ntchito m'munda kapena m'munda.
• Musanagwiritse ntchito dothi lopangira miphika, thirani madzi pang'ono kuti muchepetse fumbi.
• Tsatirani ndondomeko yofulumira yochotsera mpweya woipa.

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo a MAC angachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Ngati mayeso a makoswe asonyeza kuti palibe matenda kwa miyezi 12, madokotala amaona kuti matenda a m'mapapo a MAC achiritsidwa. Komabe, matendawa akhoza kubwereranso. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi mabakiteriya atsopano kapena mabakiteriya omwe akhalabe m'mapapo, makamaka ngati muli ndi vuto lomwe lidayambitsa MAC poyamba (monga kufooka kwa mapapo).

Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani kuti muwone ngati matendawa abwereranso. Kuwonongeka kwa mapapo anu chifukwa cha matenda a mapapo a MAC sikungatheke. Mungakhalebe ndi vuto lopuma mutalandira chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi zolinga zomveka bwino komanso zomwe mukuyembekezera musanayambe kulandira chithandizo.

Zinthu zoti mufunse dokotala wanu...

Mungafune kufunsa dokotala wanu za zinthu monga:

• Kodi ndinadwala bwanji matenda a mapapo a MAC?
• Kodi ndi matenda amtundu wanji a m'mapapo a MAC omwe ndili nawo?
• Kodi ndikufunika chithandizo?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi opaleshoni ndi yoyenera kwa ine? Kodi zoopsa za opaleshoni ndi ziti?
• Kodi pali zinthu zomwe ndingachite kunyumba kuti ndipume mosavuta?
• Kodi ndingapewe bwanji matenda a mapapo a MAC mtsogolo?

Kodi izi zimapatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina?

Ngakhale kuti simungathe kutenga MAC kuchokera kwa munthu wina, nthawi zina matendawa amakhudza anthu angapo a m'banja limodzi. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti anthu ena ali ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumawathandiza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a MAC.

Kodi matenda a m'mapapo a MAC angakhale oopsa?

Kwa anthu ena, matenda a m'mapapo a MAC angayambitse kulephera kupuma komanso imfa. Koma nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kwa nthawi yayitali. Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anayi aliwonse omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka komanso matenda a m'mapapo a MAC amtundu wa cavitary amamwalira pasanathe zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa.

Kuzindikira matenda msanga ndi chithandizo kungachepetse kwambiri zoopsa zomwe zingachitike kwa nthawi yayitali.

Anthu ambiri sadwala ndi mabakiteriya a MAC. Kwa iwo omwe amadwala, matenda a MAC m'mapapo angayambitse mavuto aakulu, nthawi zina omwe amaika moyo pachiswe. Ngati mukutsokomola magazi, kapena ngati muli ndi chifuwa chosatha ndipo mukumva kutopa kwambiri, muyenera kuwona dokotala. Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka komanso omwe ali ndi matenda ena a m'mapapo ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a m'mapapo a MAC. Matenda a m'mapapo a MAC amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki, koma mungafunike kumwa mankhwalawo kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira...

Matenda a m'mapapo a MAC ndi vuto lomwe tiyenera kuliganizira pang'ono. Komabe, palibe chodetsa nkhawa nacho. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuonana ndi dokotala mwamsanga ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, kupeza matenda oyenera, ndikupeza chithandizo choyenera. Ngati ndi choncho, titha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino ndi matendawa. Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

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