Zonse Zokhudza Opaleshoni ya Mtima Yochepa Yosalowerera

Ndizachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono dokotala wanu akakuuzani kuti mukufunika opaleshoni ya mtima. Anthu ambiri amaona kuti ndi njira yopweteka kwambiri yomwe imaphatikizapo kupanga chotupa chachikulu pakati pa chifuwa ndikukhala m'chipatala kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma masiku ano, sayansi ya zamankhwala yapita patsogolo kwambiri. Pali njira zomwe zimathandiza mtima kudutsa mabowo ang'onoang'ono m'malo mopanga chotupa chachikulu monga kale. Njira imeneyo ndi yomwe timaitcha kuti Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery . Lero, tikambirana izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Mwachidule, kodi opaleshoni ya mtima yocheperako (Minally Invasive Heart Surgery) ndi chiyani?

Tangoganizirani, mu opaleshoni yachikhalidwe yotsegula mtima, dokotalayo amadula fupa lonse la pachifuwa (sternum) pakati pa chifuwa chanu kuti lifike pamtima panu. Izi zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zichiritsidwe, zimapweteka kwambiri, ndipo zimasiya chilonda chachikulu.

Koma mu njira yatsopanoyi, yotchedwa Minimally Invasive Surgery, palibe kudula kwakukulu koteroko. M'malo mwake, kudula kamodzi kapena zingapo zazing'ono kwambiri kumapangidwa m'mbali mwa chifuwa chanu, pakati pa nthiti zanu. Kenako, makamera apamwamba, zida zochitira opaleshoni zofewa kwambiri, komanso nthawi zina manja a robotic amaikidwa kudzera m'kucheka kakang'ono aka kuti achite opaleshoni yofunikira pamtima panu.

Tiyeni tiwone tebulo ili m'munsimu kuti tifotokoze bwino kusiyana pakati pa njira ziwirizi.

Ndi mitundu iti ya opaleshoni iyi?

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya opaleshoni ya mtima yomwe siivulaza kwambiri.

1. Opaleshoni ya Thoracoscopic: Pa opaleshoniyi, dokotalayo amaika chubu chachitali chokhala ndi kamera yotchedwa thoracoscope kudzera m'bowo laling'ono m'mbali mwa chifuwa. Dokotalayo amagwiritsa ntchito zida zazitali, zopyapyala zomwe zimayikidwa m'mabowo ena kuti achite opaleshoniyi, pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kuchokera ku kamera iyi.

2. Opaleshoni ya mtima yothandizidwa ndi roboti: Iyi ndi njira yapamwamba kwambiri mwa njira izi. Panonso, mabowo ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa m'mbali mwa chifuwa. Komabe, opaleshoniyi siichitidwa mwachindunji ndi dokotala. Amakhala patsogolo pa kompyuta yowongolera (console) ndipo amawongolera manja a roboti. Manja a roboti awa amatha kugwira ntchito mosamala, molondola, komanso popanda kusuntha kuposa mkono wa munthu. Komanso, popeza zithunzi zamitundu itatu (3D) zimapezeka, opaleshoniyi ikhoza kuchitika pamene akuyang'ana chithunzi chowonekera bwino cha mtima.

Kodi njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a mtima amitundu iti?

Si opaleshoni yonse ya mtima yomwe ingachitike pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi. Komabe, opaleshoni zambiri zodziwika bwino tsopano zachitika bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi. Dokotala wanu adzasankha ngati njira iyi ndi yoyenera kwa inu.

• Kukonza kapena kusintha ma valavu, makamaka opaleshoni yokhudza valavu ya mitral.
• Matenda monga atrial septal defect (ASD) , omwe amachititsa kuti mabowo mumtima atseke.
• Kuchotsa chotupa cha mtima.
• Maopaleshoni ena a mtima (coronary artery bypass) .
• Mankhwala monga njira ya Maze ya matenda a mtima osakhazikika (arrhythmias).
• Kukhazikitsa chipangizo chothandizira ventricle.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani opaleshoni isanachitike komanso itatha?

Musanachite opaleshoni

Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani malangizo a momwe mungakonzekere opaleshoni. Mungapemphedwe kuti musiye kumwa mankhwala ena (makamaka ochepetsa magazi) masiku angapo opaleshoni isanachitike. Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu kuti musamve chilichonse panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Mudzalumikizidwa ndi makina olumikizirana mtima ndi mapapo kuti magazi aziyenda bwino m'thupi lanu panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Pa nthawi ya opaleshoni

Monga tanenera kale, dokotalayo amaduladula pang'ono m'mbali mwa chifuwa. Kudzera mu izi, kamera ndi zida zimayikidwa kuti zichite kukonza mtima kofunikira, kusintha ma valavu, kapena chithandizo china. Ntchito ikatha, mabowo ang'onoang'ono amasokedwa. Njira yonseyi nthawi zambiri imatenga maola awiri mpaka asanu ndi limodzi .

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni

Mukachita opaleshoni, mudzayang'aniridwa mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Mutha kuyikidwa machubu angapo ang'onoang'ono otulutsira madzi kunja kwa chifuwa chanu kuti madzi asadziunjikane mozungulira mtima wanu.

Kenako mudzasamutsidwira ku chipinda chogona cha anthu wamba. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, mudzathandizidwa kudzuka ndikuyenda pasanathe tsiku limodzi kapena awiri mutachitidwa opaleshoni. Mudzaphunzitsidwanso masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira kuti mupewe kudzaza mamina m'mapapo mwanu. Nthawi zambiri mudzatha kupita kunyumba patatha masiku ochepa.

Kodi zoopsa za opaleshoni iyi ndi ziti?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi opaleshoni iliyonse, pali zoopsa zina zomwe zimachitika, koma poyerekeza ndi opaleshoni yotseguka, chiopsezo cha zovuta ndi chochepa kwambiri.

Zoopsa zomwe zingachitike:

• Kutuluka magazi
• Matenda
• Kusakhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka mtima (arrhythmias)
• Stroke

Kawirikawiri, ngati panthawi ya opaleshoni dokotala akuona kuti njira yochepetsera kuvulala sikulinso kotetezeka, angasinthe n’kuyamba opaleshoni yotseguka nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa za izi.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire?

Uwu ndiye ubwino waukulu wa njira iyi. Mukachita opaleshoni yotseguka, simungagwire ntchito yolemetsa kapena kuyendetsa galimoto kwa miyezi ingapo. Komabe, mukachita opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri, mutha kubwerera ku ntchito zanu zachizolowezi mkati mwa milungu iwiri kapena inayi yokha .

Mungathe kumva kutopa pang'ono kuposa masiku onse kwa milungu ingapo yoyambirira. Izi ndi zachilendo. Ndi bwino kusachita chilichonse cholemera, monga kunyamula zolemera, kwa milungu ingapo. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani momwe mungawonjezere pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa zochita zanu momwe mungafunire. Muthanso kutumizidwa ku pulogalamu yothandiza anthu odwala matenda a mtima . Izi zikuthandizani kuphunzira momwe mungamachitire masewera olimbitsa thupi mosamala komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi pamtima.

Kodi ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala mutatha opaleshoni?

Ngati mukumva zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zili pansipa mutabwerera kunyumba, muyenera kuyimbira dokotala nthawi yomweyo .

• Mafinya kapena madzi akutuluka m'mabala.
• Kutupa kwambiri kapena kufiira mozungulira bala.
• Malungo kapena kumva kuzizira.
• Kumva kugunda kwa mtima kosazolowereka (kugunda kwa mtima).
• Kutupa kosazolowereka kwa miyendo kapena mapazi (edema).
• Kulemera kumawonjezeka ndi makilogalamu oposa 1.5 (mapaundi atatu) mkati mwa sabata imodzi.

Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda kapena zovuta zina, choncho musanyalanyaze.