Kodi mukufunika kusintha valavu ya mitral mumtima mwanu? (Kusintha Vavu ya Mitral) Tiyeni tikambirane izi mosavuta!

Kodi dokotala wanu wakuuzanipo kuti valavu yanu ya mitral ndi yofooka ndipo mukufunika opaleshoni? Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa mukamva chinthu chonga ichi. Koma musadandaule. Iyi ndi opaleshoni yapamwamba kwambiri komanso yopambana tsopano. Lero, tikambirana za Kusintha kwa Mitral Valve, tanthauzo lake, chifukwa chake imachitidwa, komanso momwe imachitikira, m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone, kodi valavu ya mitral iyi ndi chiyani?

Ganizirani mtima wanu ngati nyumba yokhala ndi zipinda zinayi. Pali zitseko pakati pa zipinda izi zomwe zimalola magazi kuyenda mobwerera ndi kubwera. Zitseko izi zimangotseguka mbali imodzi. Chifukwa chake, valavu iyi ya mitral ndi chitseko chofunikira kwambiri pakati pa chipinda chapamwamba (atrium yakumanzere) ndi chipinda chapansi (ventricle yakumanzere) kumbali yakumanzere ya mtima.

Magazi oyera komanso odzaza ndi mpweya wochokera m'mapapo amayamba kulowa m'chipinda chapamwamba chomwe chili kumanzere. Kenako, valavu ya mitral imatsegulidwa ndipo magaziwo amapita m'chipinda chapansi. Kuchokera m'chipinda chapansi ndi komwe magazi amapopedwa m'thupi lonse. Choncho chitseko ichi, chomwe ndi valavu, chiyenera kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa panthawi yoyenera.

Koma chifukwa cha matenda ena, valavu iyi sigwira ntchito bwino. Kenako mtima umamva kupanikizika kwambiri. Pakapita nthawi, izi zimatha kuwononga mtima ndi mapapo.

Kodi ndi nthawi ziti pamene valve ya mitral iyenera kusinthidwa?

Opaleshoni iyi imafunika makamaka chifukwa cha matenda awiri.

1. Kubwerezabwereza kwa Mitral: Apa ndi pamene valavu siitseka bwino. Kenako magazi ena omwe adalowa m'chipinda chapansi amatulukanso m'chipinda chapamwamba. Zimakhala ngati loko yosweka ya chitseko.

2. Mitral Stenosis: Chomwe chimachitika apa ndichakuti valavu siikutseguka bwino. Imakhala yopapatiza komanso yotsekeka. Kenako njira yoti magazi atuluke kuchokera ku chipinda chapamwamba kupita ku chipinda chapansi imatsekeka. Zimakhala ngati chitseko chatsekeka.

Vavulo silingathe kukonzedwa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Ngati valavu yawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda mumtima (endocarditis).
• Ngati valavu yayamba kuvulala komanso kukhuthala chifukwa cha matenda a mtima (rheumatic heart disease) omwe adachitika ali mwana.
• Ngati calcium yakhazikika pa valavu ndipo yakhala ngati miyala.
• Ngati chingwe chofewa (minofu ya papillary kapena chordae) chomwe chimathandizira valavu chawonongeka.

Kodi mitundu yatsopano ya ma valve ndi iti?

Ngati mukupeza valavu yatsopano, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yoti musankhe. Yonse ili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake. Inu ndi dokotala wanu muyenera kusankha limodzi chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu, kutengera zaka zanu, moyo wanu, komanso thanzi lanu.

Kawirikawiri madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito malangizo monga awa:

• Ngati ali ndi zaka zosakwana 50: valavu yamakina (pokhapokha ngati ali ndi pakati kapena akukonzekera kutenga pakati).
• Ngati ali ndi zaka pakati pa 50 ndi 65: mtundu uliwonse mwa mitundu iwiriyi.
• Ngati ali ndi zaka zoposa 65: valavu yachilengedwe.

Ichi ndi chisankho chachikulu, choncho musazengereze kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu mafunso kapena nkhawa zomwe muli nazo.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani opaleshoni isanachitike komanso ikachitika?

Kukonzekera musanachite opaleshoni

Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani malangizo a momwe mungakonzekerere opaleshoni. Nthawi zambiri muyenera kuchita izi:

• Siyani kumwa mankhwala ena (makamaka ochepetsa magazi) milungu ingapo musanachite opaleshoni.
• Ngati mukusuta, siyani kusuta konse.
• Sambani thupi lanu ndi sopo wopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda usiku usanachitike opaleshoni.
• Siyani kudya ndi kumwa kuyambira pakati pausiku usiku woti opaleshoni ichitike.
• Konzani kuti wina akuthandizeni mukafika kunyumba. Zingakhale zovuta kunyamula zinthu zolemera kapena kuphika kwa kanthawi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza thandizo kuchokera kwa wachibale kapena mnzanu.

Pa nthawi ya opaleshoni

Kawirikawiri opaleshoni imeneyi imachitidwa potsegula mtima. Izi zikutanthauza kuti opaleshoniyi imachitidwa kudzera m'chifuwa. Komabe, anthu ena akhoza kuchitidwa opaleshoniyi pogwiritsa ntchito catheter (transcatheter). Dokotala wanu adzasankha ngati opaleshoniyi ndi yoyenera kwa inu.

Pa nthawi ya opaleshoni:

1. Mudzapatsidwa mpumulo wotheratu. Kotero simudzamva kapena kukumbukira chilichonse.

2. Pa opaleshoni, mudzalumikizidwa ndi makina apadera (Cardiopulmonary Bypass Machine) kuti agwire ntchito ya mtima ndi mapapo anu.

3. Dokotala wa opaleshoni amaduladula pachifuwa ndipo amafika pamtima.

4. Kenako, valavu ya mitral yowonongeka imachotsedwa mosamala, ndipo valavu yatsopanoyo imasokedwa pamalo pake. Madokotala amayesetsa kusunga minofu yanu yathanzi momwe angathere.

5. Valavu yatsopano imafufuzidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino, chifuwa chimatsekedwa, kenako mumachotsedwa mu makina ogwiritsira ntchito mtima ndi mapapo.

Opaleshoni imeneyi nthawi zambiri imatenga maola awiri kapena anayi.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndi kuchira

Muyenera kukhala m'chipatala kwa pafupifupi sabata imodzi mutachita opaleshoni.

• Mudzakhala tsiku loyamba kapena awiri mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU), komwe chilichonse kuyambira kugunda kwa mtima wanu mpaka kupuma kwanu chidzayang'aniridwa mosamala.
• Kenako amasamutsidwira ku ward wamba.
• Ndizachilendo kumva kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika (`Arrhythmias`) pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Mankhwala amaperekedwa pa izi.
• Mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana (anticoagulation therapy) ayambitsidwa.
• Mudzatumizidwa ku pulogalamu yothandiza anthu odwala matenda a mtima kuti muchiritse msanga.

Nthawi zambiri zimatenga pakati pa milungu 4 ndi 8 kuti munthu achire. Koma izi zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Nthawi imeneyi imatha kusiyana malinga ndi zaka zanu komanso thanzi lanu musanachite opaleshoni. Choncho musafulumire. Mvetserani thupi lanu ndipo pumulani mokwanira.

Kodi ndi zizindikiro ziti zoopsa zomwe muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi mutabwerera kunyumba, musanyalanyaze. Imbani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Department (ETU).