Kodi inunso mukumva kufooka? Mwina iyi ndi matenda otchedwa myopathy!

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati miyendo yanu yafooka komanso yatopa? Kodi zimakuvutani kuchita zinthu zosavuta monga kudzuka pampando, kunyamula chinthu cholemera, kapena kupesa tsitsi lanu? Ngati mukumva ngati minofu yanu ikufooka popanda chifukwa chomveka, musamangoinyalanyaza ngati yachibadwa. Mwina chifukwa cha zizindikirozi ndi matenda otchedwa 'myopathy', omwe tikambirana lero. Musadandaule, tikambirana izi m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi myopathy ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Myopathy, mwachidule, ndi gulu la matenda omwe amakhudza minofu yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi mafupa athu. Matendawa amawononga minofu yathu ndikuifooketsa. Monga momwe injini ya galimoto imafooka, zimakhala zovuta kuyendetsa, minofu ikafooka, zimakhala zovuta kuti matupi athu agwire ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya myopathy?

Inde, matenda a myopathies amatha kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: matenda a myopathies obadwa nawo ndi matenda opezeka . Tiyeni tiwone mtundu uliwonse wa matendawa.

Kodi matenda a myopathies obadwa nawo ndi ati?

Izi ndi mitundu ya myopathy yomwe imayamba chifukwa chotengera kusintha kwa majini kosazolowereka komwe kumapezeka m'thupi lathu pobadwa, nthawi zambiri kuchokera kwa amayi kapena abambo athu.

• Matenda a myopathies a Congenital:

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba munthu akangobadwa kapena ali mwana. Komabe, nthawi zina zimatha kuonekera ali mwana kapena ngakhale atakula. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mtundu uwu ndichakuti kufooka sikungokhala minofu yomwe ili pafupi ndi pakati pa thupi, koma kumatha kukhudza minofu ya thupi lonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri matendawa sapita patsogolo.

• Matenda a Mitochondrial:

Maselo athu ali ndi mafakitale ang'onoang'ono otchedwa mitochondria omwe amapanga mphamvu. Mtundu uwu wa myopathy umayamba chifukwa cha vuto la mitochondria iyi. Kuwonjezera pa kufooka kwa minofu, matendawa amathanso kukhudza ziwalo zina monga mtima, ubongo, ndi dongosolo la m'mimba. Amatha kukula chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini, kaya pali mbiri ya banja kapena ayi.

• Matenda a myopathies a kagayidwe kachakudya:

Kusokonezeka kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika m'majini zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma enzyme azigwira ntchito bwino komanso aziyenda bwino. Zingayambitse kutopa panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupweteka m'mapewa ndi ntchafu mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena vuto lotchedwa rhabdomyolysis, pomwe ulusi wa minofu umasweka popanda kuvulala. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zimatha kubwera ndi kutha, ndikufooka kwa minofu kenako nkubwerera mwakale.

• Kusokonekera kwa minofu:

Pazochitikazi, minofu imafooka pang'onopang'ono ndipo imafooka chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kapena kusowa kwa mapuloteni othandizira kapangidwe ka minofu omwe amafunikira. Pazochitika zonsezi, manja ndi/kapena miyendo zimakhudzidwa mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina minofu ya maso kapena nkhope imathanso kukhudzidwa.

Kodi matenda a myopathies omwe amapezeka ndi chiyani?

Izi ndi mitundu ya matenda a myopathies omwe amayamba munthu akakula. Amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda ena, matenda opatsirana, kumwa mankhwala ena, komanso kusalinganika kwa ma electrolyte m'thupi.

• Matenda a autoimmune/inflammatory myopathy:

Chomwe chimachitika pamenepa n’chakuti chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chimaukira minofu yathu. Zotsatira zake, ntchito ya minofu imachepa. Zili ngati chitetezo chathu chikudziukira chokha.

• Myopathy yoopsa:

Vutoli limachitika pamene poizoni kapena mankhwala osokoneza kapangidwe kapena ntchito ya minofu.

• Poizoni: Mowa, toluene (mankhwala osungunuka omwe amapezeka mu zinthu monga utoto womwe anthu ena amapuma kuti aledzere).
• Mankhwala: Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi (monga pembrolizumab, nivolumab), corticosteroids (monga prednisone), mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol (statins), amiodarone, colchicine, chloroquine, ma virus ndi ma protease inhibitors a kachilombo ka HIV, omeprazole.

• Matenda a myopathies a Endocrine:

Vutoli limachitika pamene ntchito ya mahomoni m'thupi lathu imakhudza minofu.

• Chithokomiro: Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro (hypothyroidism) kumakhala kofala kwambiri, mavuto amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro (hyperthyroidism).
• Parathyroid gland: Hyperparathyroidism imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi.
• Matenda a Adrenal: `Matenda a Addison` ndi `Cushing's syndrome`.

• Matenda opatsirana a myopathies:

Matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kusokoneza ntchito ya minofu.

• Matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi: `HIV`, `influenza`, `Epstein-Barr`.
• Matenda a bakiteriya: `bacterial pyomyositis`.
• 'Matenda a Lyme'.
• Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: `trichinosis`, `toxoplasmosis`, `cysticercosis`.
• Matenda a bowa: Candida, Coccidiomycosis.

• Kusalinganika kwa ma electrolyte:

Kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa ma electrolyte ena ofunikira m'thupi lathu kungakhudze momwe minofu imagwirira ntchito.

• Potaziyamu: kuchepa (`hypokalemia`), kuwonjezeka (`hyperkalemia`).
• Magnesium: Kuwonjezeka (`Hypermagnesemia`).

• Matenda oopsa a myopathy mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri:

Uwu ndi matenda omwe amakhudza miyendo ndi minofu yopumira mwa anthu omwe akudwala kwambiri ndipo akulandira chithandizo mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) . Matendawa angayambitsidwe ndi kusayenda kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumula minofu, corticosteroids, ndi mapiritsi ogonetsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya chithandizo.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a myopathy? Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi myopathy, koma anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Zinthu zomwe zingawonjezere chiopsezo:

• Ngati wina m'banjamo ali ndi myopathy, ndiye kuti pali mwayi waukulu wotengera matendawa m'majini.
• Kukhala mwamuna. Mitundu ina ya myopathy imafalikira kudzera mu chromosome ya X, kotero imatha kukhudza amuna kuposa akazi. Komabe, mitundu ya myopathy yobadwa nayo yomwe imafalikira kudzera mu ma chromosome ena imakhudza aliyense mofanana.
• Kukhala ndi matenda a autoimmune, metabolic, kapena endocrine.
• Kukumana ndi mankhwala enaake kapena poizoni (onani gawo lonena za poizoni wa myopathie lomwe takambirana kale).

Kufala kwa myopathy kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wake. Mwachitsanzo, myopathy yomwe imayamba kukula munthu akamakula:

• Matenda a myopathies otupa ndi a endocrine ndi ofala kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina, ndipo amapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi kuposa amuna.
• Pakati pa anthu 9 ndi 32 pa anthu 100,000 aliwonse amadwala matenda a kutupa kwa minofu.
• Pakati pa 25% ndi 79% ya akuluakulu omwe ali ndi hypothyroidism amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi minofu, koma kuchuluka kwa myopathy yowonekera kungakhale kotsika kufika pa 10%.

Matenda ofala kwambiri a myopathies obadwa nawo ndi muscular dystrophies, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa amuna.

• Matenda a Duchenne ndi Becker's muscular dystrophies ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri, ndipo amakhudza anthu pafupifupi 7 pa anthu 100,000 padziko lonse lapansi.
• Matenda a Mitochondrial amakhudza munthu m'modzi pa anthu 5,000, ndipo ambiri mwa matendawa amakhudza minofu ya mafupa.
• Mitundu ina ya matenda a myopathies obadwa nawo ndi osowa kwambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za myopathy ndi ziti?

Mitundu yambiri ya myopathy ili ndi zizindikiro zingapo zodziwika bwino. Izi ndi izi:

• Kufooka kwa minofu.Makamaka minofu ya mapewa, mikono ya pamwamba, ndi ntchafu (izi ndi zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri komanso moopsa kwambiri).
• Kupweteka kwa minofu, kuuma, ndi kugwedezeka.
• Kumva kutopa msanga mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena ngakhale ntchito yaying'ono.
• Kumva ngati wopanda moyo komanso wopanda mphamvu.

Kodi myopathy imamveka bwanji kwenikweni?

Mu matenda ambiri a myopathies, minofu mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi (zofanana) imafooka mofanana. Minofu yomwe ili pafupi ndi pakati pa thupi (minofu yoyandikana nayo), monga mapewa, manja apamwamba, chiuno, ndi ntchafu, imakhudzidwa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, mutha kuwona zizindikiro monga:

• Kuvuta kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga kusamba, kuvala, ndi kupesa tsitsi lanu.
• Kuvuta kudzuka pampando, kukwera masitepe, kapena kuchita ntchito zomwe zimafuna kufikira pamwamba pa mutu wanu (monga kusintha babu la nyali padenga).
• Kumva ngati minofu ikugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka.
• Minofu imatopa msanga ikachita zinthu zinazake.
• Kuvuta kupuma panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kawirikawiri sizimakhudza minofu ya manja ndi mapazi.

Zizindikiro zina zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa myopathy.

• Kufooka kwa minofu kungakhale kosalekeza (kosapita patsogolo) kapena pang'onopang'ono. Mu matenda ena, kufooka kwa minofu kumatha kubwera ndi kutha, pomwe nthawi zina pangakhale mphamvu yachibadwa.
• Kuchedwa kukula kwa luso loyendetsa thupi (monga kuyenda, kulumpha, kukwera masitepe, kugwira supuni kapena pensulo) mwa ana aang'ono.
• Kulephera kukhala ndi ana ena akamasewera masewera kapena kusewera panja (monga kusewera kupha ana).
• Mavuto a minofu omwe amathandiza kumeza ndi kulankhula. Izi zingayambitse chakudya kutsekeka komanso kulankhula monyodola.

Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati ndikukayikira kuti ndili ndi matenda a myopathy?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, choyamba muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu wamkulu. Kutengera ndi zizindikiro zanu, angakutumizireni kwa katswiri, monga katswiri wa mitsempha kapena katswiri wa nyamakazi.

Kodi myopathy imapezedwa bwanji?

Dokotala wanu adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu yachipatala, ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhala ndi matenda ofanana ndi anu, mankhwala omwe mumamwa, ndi zizindikiro zanu. Kenako adzakuyezani thupi lanu. Adzayesa khungu lanu, mphamvu ya minofu yanu, kulimba kwa thupi lanu, ndi momwe mumamvera.

Mitundu ya mayeso omwe dokotala angakupatseni:

• Mayeso a magazi:
• Mu matenda ena a myopathies, kuchuluka kwa ma enzyme a minofu monga creatine kinase (CK) kapena aldolase kumatha kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kusweka kwa ulusi wa minofu.
• Ma electrolyte monga sodium, magnesium, potaziyamu, calcium, ndi phosphorous.
• Mayeso a matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune: Mwachitsanzo, `Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA), `Rheumatoid Factor', `Sedimentation Rate' ndi `C-reactive protein'.
• Mayeso a Endocrine gland: mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro.
• Maphunziro a Electromyography (EMG) ndi maphunziro okhudza kusuntha kwa mitsempha: Mayeso awa amayesa mtundu ndi kukula kwa kuwonongeka kwa minofu poyesa momwe magetsi amayendera kudzera m'mitsempha ndikuyika singano zazing'ono m'minofu.
• Kuyesa kwa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kwa minofu .
• Mayeso a majini.
• Kufufuza minofu: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa chidutswa cha minofu pang'ono kuti chikafufuzidwe ndi opaleshoni.

Kodi myopathy imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Mukazindikira mtundu weniweni wa myopathy womwe muli nawo, dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo logwirizana ndi zizindikiro zanu.

Mankhwala ambiri amaphatikizapo physiotherapy, occupational therapy, ndi mtundu wina wa masewera olimbitsa thupi . Mankhwala ena amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa myopathy. Kawirikawiri, myopathy zambiri zomwe zimapezeka zimatha kuthandizidwa bwino, kuchepetsa kufooka ndi zizindikiro. Myopathies zina zobadwa nazo zimakhala ndi mankhwala enaake omwe angachedwetse kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa. Pakadali pano, palibe chithandizo chapadera cha myopathies zambiri zobadwa nazo, koma physiotherapy ndi mitundu ina ya masewera olimbitsa thupi zingathandize.

Matenda a myopathies okhudzana ndi kutupa ndi autoimmune

Cholinga cha chithandizo cha izi ndikuchepetsa kutupa ndi momwe thupi limayankhira matenda a autoimmune. Mankhwala ofala kwambiri a matenda a myopathies awa ndi awa:

• Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi/oletsa chitetezo chamthupi: Mwachitsanzo, methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine, mycophenolate, rituximab, ndi immunoglobulin ya m'mitsempha (IVIg) kapena ya pansi pa khungu (SubQIg).
• `Corticosteroids`: Mwachitsanzo `prednisone` kapena `methylprednisolone`.

Matenda a myopathies obadwa nawo komanso majini

Matenda ambiri obadwa nawo komanso a majini alibe chithandizo chapadera kapena machiritso athunthu.Kuwongolera kumachitika makamaka kudzera mu kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira. Mayeso angapo azachipatala akuchitika m'magawo osiyanasiyana ofufuza okhudza chithandizo ndi chithandizo cha majini.

Matenda otchedwa Duchenne muscular dystrophy ndi matenda a Pompe amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala enaake.

Matenda ena a myopathies

Madokotala amachiritsa matenda a myopathies omwe amayamba chifukwa cha endocrine, poizoni, komanso matenda opatsirana pochiza matenda omwe amayambitsa myopathy. Matenda a myopathies oopsa amachiritsidwa poletsa mankhwala oyambitsa matendawa (monga mowa, toluene) kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo (monga statins). Zizindikiro za minofu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena zinthu zina zopatsirana nthawi zambiri zimakula pamene matendawa athandizidwa mwachindunji ndi maantibayotiki.

Kodi ndingasamalire bwanji thanzi langa?

Kaya myopathy ndi matenda obadwa nawo, opezeka, kapena matenda a nthawi yayitali (osatha), pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuti muthane ndi vutoli. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Idyani zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi. Phatikizani zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosiyanasiyana muzakudya zanu.
• Pitirizani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono ndi matenda a mtima. Kutengera mtundu wa myopathy yomwe muli nayo, mungalangizidwe kuti musachite masewera olimbitsa thupi enaake. Choncho lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu musanayambe pulogalamu iliyonse yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera.
• Ngati muli ndi ziphuphu pakhungu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi dermatomyositis, tetezani khungu lanu ku dzuwa. Izi zingapangitse ziphuphuzo kukhala zoipitsitsa. Valani zovala zodzitetezera ndi chipewa nthawi iliyonse yomwe zingatheke. Musaiwale kupaka mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa ndi SPF 30 musanatuluke panja.
• Ngati mukuvutika kumeza, idyani zakudya zofewa kapena zolimba pang'ono. Muthanso kutsuka chakudya chanu. Ngati ndinu munthu wogona pabedi, idyani mutakhala pabedi.
• Imwani mankhwala onse omwe mwapatsidwa pa nthawi yake.
• Ngati chithandizo monga physiotherapy, occupational therapy, kapena speak therapy chikulangizidwa, tengani nawo mbali.

Kumbukirani, chifukwa pali mitundu yambiri ya myopathy, dokotala wanu adzayenera kupanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likugwirizana ndi mtundu wanu wa myopathy ndi zizindikiro zanu. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo ake molondola. Komanso, samalani ndi thupi lanu. Dziwani kusintha kulikonse pa mkhalidwe wanu kapena kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zanu. Onani dokotala wanu nthawi zonse (kapena mwamsanga ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse). Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kusintha dongosolo lanu la chithandizo zizindikiro zikangoyamba kuwonekera.

Pomaliza, zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira

Myopathy si chinthu choopa, koma si vuto loti munthu anganyalanyaze.

• Ngati minofu yanu ikufooka nthawi zonse, kupweteka, kapena kutopa, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala.
• Pali mitundu yambiri ya myopathy, kotero kuzindikira molondola ndikofunikira kwambiri.
• Pali njira zochiritsira ndi njira zochizira mitundu yambiri ya myopathy.
• Mukatsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu, kumwa mankhwala omwe mwapatsidwa, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndi vutoli.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena, musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala nthawi iliyonse.

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