Oligodendroglioma: Tiyeni tiphunzire za mtundu uwu wa khansa ya muubongo mwachidule

Kodi nthawi zambiri mumadwala mutu popanda chifukwa? Kapena mwangoyamba kudwala khunyu mwadzidzidzi? Nthawi zina chifukwa chachikulu cha zinthuzi ndi chotupa cha muubongo. Ngakhale kumva mawu awa kumatichititsa mantha kwambiri, sichoncho? Koma lero tikambirana za mtundu wa chotupa cha muubongo chomwe sichipezeka kawirikawiri, koma chimayankha bwino kwambiri chithandizo. Umenewo ndi oligodendroglioma.

Mwachidule, kodi oligodendroglioma ndi chiyani?

Oligodendroglioma ndi chotupa chomwe chimayamba muubongo. Nthawi zambiri, chimathanso kufalikira mumsana. Zotupazi zimachokera ku mtundu wapadera wa selo mu dongosolo lathu la mitsempha lotchedwa maselo a glial. Kunena zoona, kuchokera ku maselo otchedwa 'oligodendrocytes' pakati pa maselo a glial.

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti maselo a glial awa, oligodendrocytes, ndi chiyani. Tangoganizani kuti dongosolo lathu la mitsempha ndi kampani yayikulu. Ntchito yayikulu mkati mwake imachitidwa ndi antchito otchedwa ma neuron. Ndiwo omwe amanyamula mauthenga kuchokera ku ubongo kupita ku thupi ndi kuchokera ku thupi kupita ku ubongo. Kotero pali gulu la othandizira omwe amathandiza ma neuron awa, kuwateteza, ndikuwapatsa zakudya zomwe amafunikira. Amenewo ndi maselo a glial .

Ndiye kodi oligodendrocyte awa ndi chiyani?

Dzinali likumveka lachilendo pang'ono, sichoncho? Lapangidwa ndi mawu angapo achigiriki.

• Oligo (Oligo-): yaying'ono
• Dendro (-dendro-): ngati mtengo
• Ma Cytes (-cytes): maselo

Mwachidule, zikutanthauza "maselo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi nthambi ngati mtengo." Ntchito ya maselo awa ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ma neuron athu ali ndi dzanja lalitali lotchedwa axon. Apa ndi pomwe zizindikiro zamagetsi zimayendera. Monga waya wamagetsi . Chifukwa chake pali chipolopolo choteteza kuzungulira axon iyi. Imatchedwa chipolopolo cha myelin. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zizindikiro zimayenda mwachangu komanso popanda kutuluka. Chipolopolo cha myelin chimapangidwa ndi maselo awa otchedwa oligodendrocytes . Selo limodzi la oligodendrocyte limatha kupanga chipolopolo cha myelin kuzungulira axon ya ma neuron pafupifupi 30-40 pamwamba ndi pansi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akuti lili ndi nthambi ngati mtengo.

Kotero, oligodendroglioma ndi chotupa chomwe chimachokera ku kugawikana kosalamulirika kwa maselo a oligodendrocyte, omwe amachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtedza uwu?

Inde. Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) lagawa zotupa izi m'magawo (magiredi) kutengera kuopsa kwake. Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya oligodendroglioma. Tiyeni tiwone izi m'njira yosavuta kumvetsetsa.

Kodi zizindikiro za oligodendroglioma ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za khansa ya muubongo zimawonekera pamene chotupacho chikula mokwanira kuti chiyambe kukanikiza minofu yaubongo yozungulira. Zizindikiro ziwiri zodziwika bwino za oligodendroglioma ndi mutu ndi khunyu . Ndipotu, pafupifupi 80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakumana ndi khunyu.

Izi zili choncho chifukwa chotupa chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri chimapezeka mu ubongo, womwe ndi gawo lakunja kwambiri la ubongo wathu. Derali lili ndi malo omwe amayang'anira ntchito zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga kuwona, kulankhula, ndi kulamulira minofu. Chotupa chikayambitsa madera awa, khunyu limatha kuchitika.

Kuwonjezera pa khunyu, "zizindikiro zoyang'ana" zimathanso kuchitika, zomwe zimasonyeza vuto m'dera linalake la ubongo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kufooka kwa minofu kapena kufooka mbali imodzi ya thupi kapena mbali imodzi ya nkhope .
• Kutaya kumva.
• Kuvuta kulankhula kapena kumvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena (aphasia).
• Kuona mofooka, kuona kawiri, kuona molakwika.
• Mavuto okumbukira.
• Kuvuta kuganiza ndi kukhazikika maganizo.

Kodi chifukwa cha vutoli n'chiyani?

Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Kuti munthu apezeke ndi oligodendroglioma, payenera kukhala kusintha kwa majini awiri.

Tangoganizani kuti pali buku lalikulu la maphikidwe lomwe limapereka malangizo ku maselo m'thupi lathu. Timatcha DNA. Zinthu zomwe DNA iyi imakulungidwamo zimatchedwa ma chromosome. Maselo akamagawikana, bukuli la maphikidwe limakopedwa. Nthawi zina zolakwika zimatha kuchitika panthawi yokopera. Chabwino, zolakwika ziwiri zotere ndi zomwe zimapangitsa izi.

1. Kuchotsa pamodzi kwa 1p/19q: Zigawo ziwiri zazing'ono za ma chromosome athu nambala 1 ndi nambala 19 zachotsedwa. Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha majini mu zotupa izi.

2. Kusintha kwa IDH1 kapena IDH2: Kusintha kumachitika mu jini yomwe imapanga enzyme yomwe imathandiza pa kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi lathu.

Pakadali pano, palibe zinthu zina zomwe zadziwika kuti zimayambitsa vutoli.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Mavuto a khansa ya muubongo amadalira malo ake ndi kukula kwake. Zina mwa zofunika kuziganizira ndi izi:

• Kusintha koopsa: Nthawi zina, chotupa chochepa (Giredi 2) chingasinthe pakapita nthawi n’kukhala khansa yapamwamba (Giredi 3).
• Matenda ofanana ndi sitiroko: Pamene chotupacho chikukulirakulira, kupanikizika mkati mwa ubongo kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha yamagazi itukuke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ofanana ndi sitiroko achitike.
• Kusintha kwa mafupa a chigaza: Zotupazi zimatha kuuma chifukwa cha calcium yambiri. Chotupa chomwe chikukula pang'onopang'ono chingakhudzenso mafupa a chigaza.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu mukakhala ndi zizindikiro, adzatsatira njira zingapo.

1. Kuwunika thupi ndi mitsempha: Dokotala adzayang'ana momwe thupi lanu lilili, mphamvu ya minofu, masomphenya anu, ndi momwe thupi lanu limagwirira ntchito.

2. Kujambula zithunzi: Kujambula kumachitika kuti aone mkati mwa mutu.

• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography): Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chinthu choyamba chomwe chimachitika ngati chikomokere. Zotupazi zimatha kuwoneka bwino pa CT scan chifukwa zimakhala ndi calcium.
• Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Izi zingathandize kuona bwino minofu ya ubongo, kukula kwake, ndi malo a chotupacho.

3.Kufufuza Ubongo: Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yomwe imatsimikizira matendawa 100% . Kusanthula kokha sikungatsimikizire kuti ndi oligodendroglioma. Pa biopsy, dokotala wa opaleshoni amachotsa chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha chotupacho ndikuchitumiza ku labotale. Kumeneko, maselowo amawonedwa pansi pa maikulosikopu. Amawonanso kusintha kwa majini komwe tidakambirana kale, 1p/19q co-deletion ndi IDH mutation . Ngati zonse ziwiri zilipo, ndiye kuti ndi oligodendroglioma.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani? Kodi n'zotheka kuchichiritsa kwathunthu?

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya muubongo, oligodendroglioma ndi imodzi mwa khansa zomwe zimachiritsidwa komanso kuchiritsidwa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Opaleshoni

Cholinga choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri ndikuchotsa chotupa chochuluka momwe mungathere kudzera mu opaleshoni. Nthawi zina chotupacho chimatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Izi zimatengera zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa chotupacho, komwe chili, komanso zomwe dokotala wanu wakumana nazo.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Mankhwala a chemotherapy amaperekedwa kuti aphe maselo aliwonse omwe angatsale pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Pali mankhwala ambiri othandiza a oligodendroglioma.

• Njira yochizira PCV: Iyi ndi njira yophatikiza mankhwala atatu: procarbazine, lomustine, ndi vincristine.
• Temozolomide: Mankhwalawa nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa PCV chifukwa alibe zotsatirapo zambiri ndipo amagwira ntchito mofanana kwambiri ndi PCV.

Chithandizo cha X-ray

Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyang'ana kwambiri kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri (kofanana ndi ma X-ray) komwe kuli chotupacho, kuwononga maselo otsala a khansa komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu yathanzi yozungulira.

Dokotala wanu ndi gulu lachipatala adzasankha pamodzi chithandizo chomwe chili choyenera kwa inu, nthawi yomwe chidzakhalire, komanso ngati mukufunikira chithandizo cha chemotherapy kapena radiation mutachita opaleshoni.

Kodi moyo udzakhala bwanji ndi matendawa? (Outlook)

N'zomveka kuti aliyense achite mantha komanso kudabwa akamva za chotupa cha muubongo. Koma oligodendroglioma si vuto loti munthu ataye chiyembekezo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe apulumuka zaka zisanu - chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi moyo zaka 5 atapezeka ndi matendawa - chili pakati pa 69% ndi 90% pa zotupa zochepa. Ngakhale pa zotupa zapamwamba, zili pakati pa 45% ndi 76%. Izi ndi ziwerengero chabe, mkhalidwe wanu ukhoza kukhala wabwino kwambiri.

Komanso, kafukufuku akuchitika tsopano pa mankhwala atsopano omwe akulimbana ndi zotupa izi ndi kusintha kwa IDH, kuti tikhale ndi chiyembekezo chabwino cha mtsogolo.

Mafunso ndi zinthu zomwe mungachite ndi dokotala wanu

Ngati muli ndi matendawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo omwe gulu lanu lachipatala lakupatsani. Ndikofunikira kupita kuchipatala nthawi yake ndikumwa mankhwala anu moyenera. Chithandizo chingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za matendawa ndikuphunzira zomwe mungachite pa matendawa.

Musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

• Kodi chotupa changa chili pa siteji iti (giredi)?
• Kodi izi zili kuti muubongo? Kodi zingakhudze bwanji luso la munthu?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi chotupa ichi chingachotsedwe kotheratu ndi opaleshoni?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake kapena mavuto ake ndi otani?
• Kodi ndikufunika chemotherapy, radiation therapy, kapena zonse ziwiri?
• Kodi ndondomeko ya chithandizo ndi yotani?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kupita kuchipatala ndikalandira chithandizo kapena nditalandira chithandizo? (monga mutu waukulu, khunyu lobwerezabwereza).