Kodi munachitapo ngozi yaikulu kapena munachitidwa opaleshoni yaikulu? Dokotala wanu mwina anakupatsani mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri ochepetsa ululu kuti akuthandizeni ndi ululu wosapiririka womwe munkamva. Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu awa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda aakulu komanso opweteka monga khansa. Lero tikambirana za gulu lamphamvu la mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, otchedwa opioid. Ngakhale kuti amapereka mpumulo wabwino kwambiri wa ululu, ndikofunikira kuti tonsefe tidziwe mbali ina ya ndalamayi ndi zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha matendawa.
Mwachidule, kodi ma Opioid awa ndi chiyani?
Ma opioid ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ululu wapakati mpaka waukulu. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "mankhwala osokoneza bongo." Ena mwa ma opioid amenewa amapangidwa mwachilengedwe ( mwachitsanzo , kuchokera ku chomera cha poppy), pomwe ena amapangidwa m'malo ochitira kafukufuku.
Izi zimagwira ntchito mwanjira yachilendo kwambiri. Tangoganizirani, mukavulala kwinakwake m'thupi lanu, uthenga umapita kuchokera pamalopo kudzera m'mitsempha kupita ku ubongo kuti, "Uku ndi kupweteka." Zimene ma opioid amachita ndi zakuti zimakhudza maselo amitsempha omwe amanyamula uthengawo, ndipo amaletsa uthengawo kupita ku ubongo. Zili ngati akuletsa uthengawo. Choncho simukumva kupweteka mpaka mankhwalawo atayamba kugwira ntchito.
Komabe, mankhwala amenewa amachitanso china chake. Amathandizira kuti ubongo wathu ukhale ndi mphamvu, ndichifukwa chake anthu ena amatha kumva chisangalalo chachikulu, kupepuka, komanso kumva kuyandama (euphoria) akamamwa mankhwala amenewa.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake chiopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (opioids) n'chokwera kwambiri. Ngakhale mutafuna kusiya kumwa mankhwalawa, ubongo wanu sungakuloleni. Umapitilizabe kupempha chisangalalo chimenecho. Pakapita nthawi, mutha kudalira mankhwalawo m'maganizo ndi m'thupi.
Vuto lina ndilakuti pakapita nthawi, thupi limazolowera mankhwala awa (kulekerera). Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchepetsa ululu komwe kumapezeka kuchokera ku mlingo woyamba sikukwaniranso. Kuti mupeze mpumulo womwewo, mlingo wa mankhwalawa uyenera kuwonjezeredwa pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso.
Chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu cha chizolowezichi, ngati dokotala atakupatsani mankhwala a opioid, adzatero mosamala kwambiri. Adzakuyang'anirani mosamala ndipo pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa mlingo kuti achepetse zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwala.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma opioid ndi iti?
Pali mitundu yoposa zana ya ma opioid. Amagawika m'magulu atatu akuluakulu kutengera momwe amapangira:
- Zachilengedwe: Izi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera ku mbewu za chomera cha poppy. Izi zimatchedwanso Opiates. (Chitsanzo: Morphine, Codeine).
- Zopangidwa pang'ono:Izi zimapangidwa mwa kusintha ma opioid achilengedwe mu labotale (monga heroin, hydrocodone).
- Zopangidwa: Izi zimapangidwa zonse mu labotale popanda zosakaniza zachilengedwe (monga Fentanyl).
Gome ili m'munsimu likuwonetsa ena mwa ma opioid omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso omwe akukambidwa kwambiri.
| Dzina la mankhwala a opioid | Chiyambi chachidule |
|---|---|
| Codeine | Kawirikawiri amaperekedwa pa ululu wochepa mpaka wapakati komanso kuletsa mitundu ina ya chifuwa. |
| Morphine | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ululu waukulu, makamaka pambuyo pa opaleshoni komanso pa ululu wa khansa. |
| Oxycodone | Mankhwala ena amphamvu ochizira ululu wapakati mpaka waukulu. |
| Fentanyl | Ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowirikiza 50-100 kuposa morphine ndipo amaperekedwa moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala pokhapokha ngati ululu waukulu kwambiri. |
| Methadone | Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala ochepetsa ululu komanso pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena a opioid (makamaka heroin). |
| Heroin | Iyi ndi mankhwala osaloledwa omwe sapezeka ndi dokotala. Ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. |
Kodi madokotala amalemba mankhwala a opioid m'mikhalidwe iti?
Dokotala sangalembe mankhwala amphamvu ngati amenewa pachabe. Amangolembedwa pa ululu waukulu womwe sungathetsedwe ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu.
- Ululu woopsa: Ululu woopsa wa kanthawi kochepa womwe umachitika pambuyo pa ngozi yaikulu, kusweka kwa mafupa, kapena opaleshoni yaikulu.
- Ululu wokhudzana ndi khansa: Kuchepetsa ululu waukulu komanso wa nthawi yayitali mwa odwala khansa.
- Ululu wosatha: Nthawi zina, ululu wa nthawi yayitali womwe sungathetsedwe ndi mankhwala ena.
- Chisamaliro cha kupweteka kwa mutu: Kuchepetsa ululu ndi kusasangalala kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika ndikuwathandiza kukhala omasuka.
Ma opioid awa amabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga mapiritsi/makapisozi, mankhwala omwa, jakisoni, ndi ma suppositories.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi ma opioid?
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a opioid, ndikofunikira kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena onse omwe mukumwa, kuphatikizapo mavitamini ndi mankhwala azitsamba. Komanso, khalani oona mtima pa zinthu zina zilizonse zomwe mukumwa, monga mowa. Zina mwa izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa kwambiri zikaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala a opioid.
Pansipa pali zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze thanzi la munthu ndi ma opioid.
| Zinthu zomwe zingathe kugwirizanirana | Chiwopsezo chomwe chingakhalepo |
|---|---|
| Mowa | Kugona kwambiri, kutaya chidziwitso, kupuma pang'onopang'ono kapena kusiya kupuma, komanso imfa ingachitike. Musamwe mowa ndi opioid. |
| Benzodiazepines ndi mapiritsi ogonetsa | Izi ndi zoopsa monga mowa. Zimayambitsa kuvutika kupuma komanso kugona tulo tambiri. |
| Zopumulitsa minofu | Kumawonjezera kugona ndi chizungulire. |
| Maantibayotiki ena ndi ma fungicides | Izi zitha kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa opioid m'thupi moopsa. |
| Mankhwala ena oletsa khunyu | Zingachepetse ululu wa opioid kapena kuonjezera zotsatirapo zake. |
Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi mavuto ake ndi ziti?
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, ma opioid ali ndi zotsatirapo zake. Zina zimakhala zazing'ono, pomwe zina zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri.
| Zotsatirapo zoyipa ndi mavuto aakulu obwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito opioid | |
|---|---|
| Zotsatira zoyipa zofala | |
| Kugona ndi kuchedwa | Kuganiza pang'onopang'ono ndi kuchitapo kanthu. |
| Kusanza ndi kusanza | Zimachitika kawirikawiri mukayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. |
| Kudzimbidwa | Izi ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri chifukwa zimachepetsa ntchito ya m'mimba. |
| Chizungulire (vertigo) | Kukhazikika kwa thupi kungakhudzidwe. |
| Mavuto aakulu oti muwasamale | |
| Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo | Izi ndi zadzidzidzi zachipatala. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga kupuma pang'ono kwambiri, kugunda kwa mtima pang'onopang'ono , komanso kutaya chidziwitso. Muyenera kupita ku chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) nthawi yomweyo. |
| Kudalira Thupi | Zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwala monga thukuta, kupweteka kwa thupi, komanso kusakhazikika zimachitika pamene mankhwala asiya kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena pamene mlingo wachepetsedwa . |
| Kuvutika Maganizo kwa Kupuma | Mapapu sangathe kupeza mpweya wokwanira. Mpweya wa carbon dioxide m'magazi ukhoza kukwera. |
| Kulekerera | Pakapita nthawi, mlingo wokwera umafunika kuti ululu uchepenso. |
Ngati mukukayikira kuti winawake, makamaka mwana wamng'ono, wamwa mwangozi imodzi mwa mankhwala amenewa, ndi vuto ladzidzidzi. Imbani National Poisons Information Center ku Colombo National Hospital kuti akupatseni malangizo pamene mukupita naye kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutenga Opioids kwa nthawi yayitali?
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a opioid kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse mavuto ena ambiri.
- Kudzimbidwa kosatha
- Chitetezo cha mthupi chofooka
- Kuvutika maganizo
- Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima
- Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuledzera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso
- Kulephera kugonana komanso kuchepa kwa chilakolako
- Mavuto okhudzana ndi tulo
- Kuchuluka kwa ululu chifukwa cha opioid: Ichi ndi chinthu chachilendo pang'ono. Mukamwa mankhwala opweteka, ululu wa thupi umawonjezeka chifukwa cha mankhwalawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale ululu wochepa umayamba kumveka kwambiri.
Mankhwala a opioid ndi gulu la mankhwala amphamvu komanso othandiza kwambiri, koma ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuyang'anira, mu mlingo wovomerezeka, komanso kwa nthawi yomwe yaperekedwa.Ngati mukumva ngati mukuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, kapena kuti akukhudza moyo wanu, musachite manyazi kapena mantha. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Pali njira zopezera thandizo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Ma opioid ndi mtundu wa mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri ochepetsa ululu omwe amaperekedwa kokha pa ululu waukulu.
- Chiwopsezo cha chizolowezi cha izi n'chokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ochulukirapo kuposa mlingo womwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani kapena kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa.
- Musapatse wina aliyense mankhwala a opioid omwe mwapatsidwa pazifukwa zilizonse chifukwa akhoza kupha munthu.
- Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a opioid, lankhulani zoona ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena onse, mowa, ndi zinthu zina zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.
- Ngati mukumva kuti mumadalira kapena mukuledzera ndi mankhwala, musachite manyazi ndipo lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ndipo pemphani thandizo.
- Ngati muwona zizindikiro za kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso, monga kupuma movutikira, kugona tulo tofa nato, kapena kutaya chikumbumtima, chiganizeni kuti ndi chadzidzidzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo pitani wodwalayo ku Chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
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