Kodi munapitapo kwa dokotala muli ndi malungo, chifuwa, ndi pakhosi ndipo munapatsidwa mankhwala ngati "Amoxicillin"? Kapena munapatsidwapo mankhwala ngati "Penicillin" pa bala? Ambiri aife tamvapo za mankhwalawa, koma sitikudziwa bwino lomwe kuti ndi chiyani, momwe amachitira thupi, kapena momwe amagwirira ntchito, sichoncho? Uwu ndi mankhwala odabwitsa kwambiri omwe asintha kwambiri mankhwala ndikuthandiza kupulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tiphunzire chilichonse chokhudza penicillin m'njira yosavuta komanso yokambirana.
Kodi Penicillin ndi chiyani mwachidule?
Mwachidule, penicillin ndi gulu la mankhwala otchedwa maantibayotiki . Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala omwe amapha kapena kuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya oopsa omwe amalowa m'thupi mwathu. Ganizirani za mabakiteriya oipa omwe amalowa m'thupi mwathu ngati adani omwe amalowa m'dziko. Kenako penicillin ali ngati msilikali wophunzitsidwa bwino amene amawononga adani amenewo.
Penicillin iyi ndi ya gulu lalikulu la maantibayotiki otchedwa ``beta-lactams``. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ngati piritsi, madzi, kapena ngati jakisoni wa ``intravenous'' (IV).
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti penicillin imagwira ntchito pa matenda a bakiteriya okha. Sichikhudza chimfine ndi fuluwenza wamba, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mavairasi. Chifukwa chake, musagwiritse ntchito izi popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
Kodi madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito penicillin pa matenda otani?
Penicillin ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Dokotala wanu adzasankha mtundu woyenera wa penicillin kutengera mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo. Nazi zina mwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
| Matenda | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kutsekeka pakhosi | Kupweteka pakhosi chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. |
| Matenda a khutu (Otitis media) | Matenda a m'makutu amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana aang'ono. |
| Matenda a mkodzo (UTIs) | Matenda a bakiteriya m'njira ya mkodzo. |
| Chibayo | Matenda a bakiteriya omwe amakhudza mapapo. |
| Matenda a pakhungu (Staph infections) | Zinthu monga matenda a bala ndi kupangika kwa zilonda. |
| Matenda a meninjitisi | Kutupa kwa nembanemba zomwe zimaphimba ubongo ndi msana. |
| Matenda a mano | Matenda a bakiteriya ochokera ku mizu ya mano kapena m'kamwa. |
| Matenda ena | Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa matenda osiyanasiyana monga syphilis, chinzonono, ndi matenda a Lyme. |
Kodi pali mitundu ya penicillin?
Inde, pali anthu osiyanasiyana a m'banja la penicillin. Amagawika m'magulu akuluakulu angapo kutengera momwe amapangidwira komanso mitundu ya mabakiteriya omwe angaphe.
- Ma penicillin achilengedwe: Awa ndi mitundu yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe, monga mumtengo. Asayansi amawayeretsa ndikuwapanga mankhwala. Zitsanzo za mtundu uwu ndi Penicillin G ndi Penicillin V.
- Ma penicillin opangidwa mwapadera: Awa ndi omwe timawaona nthawi zambiri. Asayansi amatenga penicillin wachilengedwe ndikusintha pang'ono kapangidwe kake mu labu kuti apange kukhala wapamwamba komanso wamphamvu kwambiri. Mankhwala monga Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, ndi Dicloxacillin ali m'gululi.
- Mankhwala osakaniza:Nthawi zina mabakiteriya amakhala achinyengo kwambiri. Amapeza njira zawo zothawira ku penicillin. Panthawiyo, kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya penicillin, amawonjezera mankhwala ena othandizira. Mwachitsanzo, mwina mudamvapo za mankhwala akuti ``(Augmentin)``. Ali ndi ``(Amoxicillin)`` ndi mankhwala ena akuti ``(clavulanic acid)``` owonjezeredwa.
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi?
Iyi ndi njira yosangalatsa kwambiri. Tangoganizani kuti bakiteriya iliyonse ili ndi khoma lamphamvu la selo lodziteteza. Monga momwe tilili ndi khoma lozungulira nyumba yathu. Popanda khoma ili, mabakiteriya sangapulumuke.
Chimene penicillin imachita ndi chakuti imaletsa mabakiteriya kumanga khoma . Zili ngati kusalola simenti kulowa pamene mukumanga khoma. Khoma likapanda kumanga bwino, limafooka, limabowoka, ndipo pakapita kanthawi limasweka ndikugwa. Khoma likatha, mabakiteriya sangapulumuke, amafa. Ndi momwe zilili.
Ndiye kodi 'kusamva mankhwala' kumatanthauza chiyani?
Akakumana ndi mtundu womwewo wa kuukira pakapita nthawi, mabakiteriya ena amakhala achinyengo kwambiri. Amaphunzira njira zatsopano zothawira kuukira kwa penicillin kumeneku. Mwachitsanzo:
- Amapanga ma enzyme (monga beta-lactamase) omwe amawononga penicillin.
- Kapena amasintha mtundu wa khoma lawo loteteza, kotero kuti penicillin singathe kulowa.
Tikutcha izi kuti kukana maantibayotiki . Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu kwambiri la thanzi padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano. MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya omwe amakana mitundu yambiri ya penicillin.
Kodi ndiyenera kumwa penicillin kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? Kodi zotsatira zake ndi ziti?
Dokotala wanu adzasankha nthawi yomwe muyenera kumwa penicillin. Zimatengera mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa matenda omwe muli nawo. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kuyambira masiku 5 mpaka 7 mpaka milungu ingapo.
Chofunika kwambiri chomwe muyenera kukumbukira apa ndikumwa mankhwala kwa masiku onse omwe dokotala wakupatsani. Ngakhale mutamva bwino patatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, musasiye kumwa mankhwalawo. Ngati musiya kumwa, mabakiteriya amphamvu kwambiri omwe atsala m'thupi adzazolowera mankhwalawa ndipo sadzagwira ntchito nthawi ina mukadzawapereka. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi woti mankhwala opha maantibayotiki asagwire ntchito.
Zotsatira zoyipa zofala
Monga mankhwala ena onse, penicillin ingayambitse zotsatirapo zazing'ono. Komabe, izi sizimachitika kwa anthu ambiri, ndipo ngati zimachitika, nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zoopsa.
- Kusanza
- Kusanza
- Kutsegula m'mimba (kupweteka m'mimba)
- Nthawi zina pakhungu pamakhala ziphuphu zazing'ono.
- Kutaya chilakolako kapena kusintha kwa kukoma/fungo
- Mutu
Kawirikawiri, kumwa mankhwala mukatha kudya kumachepetsa kupweteka m'mimba monga nseru.
Zinthu zofunika kusamala nazo mukamamwa penicillin
Ngakhale kuti pali zotsatirapo zazing'ono, nthawi zina pamakhala zoopsa zazikulu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.
1. Kudwala kwa Penicillin
Ichi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kwambiri. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, anthu ochepa okha ndi omwe ali ndi vuto la penicillin. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ali ndi vuto la penicillin, koma mwina sangakhale nalo. Koma kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la penicillin, izi zitha kukhala zoopsa.
- Zizindikiro: kutupa pakhungu, kuyabwa, kutupa, kusanza, chizungulire, ndipo, pakakhala vuto lalikulu, kuvutika kupuma.
- Zoyenera kuchita: Ngati mukuvutika kupuma, kusanza, kutupa nkhope kapena pakhosi patangopita nthawi yochepa mutamwa mankhwala, ndi vuto ladzidzidzi. Pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Padzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo.
2. C. matenda osiyanasiyana
Izi n'zovuta pang'ono. Tili ndi mabakiteriya abwino ndi oipa m'matumbo mwathu. Maantibayotiki monga penicillin nthawi zina amapha mabakiteriya abwino pamodzi ndi mabakiteriya oipa. Izi zimathandiza mabakiteriya oipa, otchedwa Clostridium difficile (C. diff), kuti achuluke popanda kulamulidwa. Izi zingayambitse kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri, kupweteka m'mimba kwambiri, komanso malungo .
| Nthawi yoti mulankhule ndi dokotala wanu |
|---|
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| Nthawi yoti mupite ku Chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) nthawi yomweyo |
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Ndani adapeza mankhwala odabwitsa awa?
Ichi ndi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri komanso chongochitika mwangozi. Mu 1928, wasayansi wina dzina lake Alexander Fleming anapita kutchuthi osatsuka bwino mbale zina za Petri mu labotale yake. Atabwerera, anaona kuti mbalezo zinali ndi nkhungu, osati mabakiteriya, koma zakufa. Anazindikira kuti nkhungu imeneyi inali kutulutsa mankhwala enaake omwe ankapha mabakiteriyawo.
Zinali zovuta kwambiri kupatula mankhwala ophera mabakiteriya kuchokera ku nkhunguyo, kuiyeretsa, ndikuipanga mankhwala. Koma pamapeto pake idapambana, ndipo idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu pofika mu 1946. Kupezeka kumeneko kunali chiyambi cha ma penicillin omwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Penicillin ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amaperekedwa kokha pa matenda a bakiteriya . Sagwira ntchito pa chimfine choyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi.
- Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala amtundu wa penicillin nokha popanda malangizo a dokotala .
- Malizitsani kumwa mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wakupatsani. Musasiye kumwa mankhwalawo chifukwa choti mwamva bwino.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za ziwengo monga kuvutika kupuma kapena kutupa nkhope mukumwa mankhwala, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo.
- Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a matenda ena, kapena ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukuyamwitsa, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu musanamwe penicillin.
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