Mukupuma ndi kutuluka tsopano, eti? Zimachitika popanda ife kuzindikira, kotero sitiganizira kwambiri za izo. Koma kodi chodabwitsachi chimachitika bwanji mkati mwa matupi athu osaima kwa mphindi imodzi? Lero tikambirana za dongosolo lapamwamba m'thupi lathu lomwe limatithandiza kuchita izi, dongosolo lopumira. Izi zili ngati injini yomwe imapatsa thupi lathu moyo. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa momwe injini iyi imagwirira ntchito mosavuta.
Kodi njira yopumira imeneyi ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, dongosolo lopumira ndi gulu la ziwalo ndi ziwalo zina za thupi lanu zomwe zimakuthandizani kupuma. Izi zikuphatikizapo mapapu anu, mphuno, pakamwa, ndi machubu omwe amalumikiza (njira zopumira). Sikuti zokhazo, komanso minofu yomwe imathandizira dongosololi, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi nthiti zomwe zimateteza zonsezi ndi gawo la dongosololi. Zonsezi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zitenge mpweya womwe timafunikira tikamapuma ndikuchotsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide womwe sitifunikira tikamapuma.
Kodi ndi ntchito zazikulu ziti zomwe dongosolo la kupuma limapereka?
Ntchito yaikulu ya dongosololi ndikutenga mpweya womwe maselo a thupi lathu amafunikira ndikutulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide womwe umapangidwa ngati zinyalala. Koma kuwonjezera pa zimenezo, dongosololi limagwiranso ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chili.
| Ntchito yomwe ikuchitidwa | Mwachidule... |
|---|---|
| Kutentha ndi kunyowetsa mpweya | Mpweya umene timapuma umatenthedwa kuti ugwirizane ndi kutentha kwa thupi lathu. Umathandizanso kuti mpweyawo ukhale ndi chinyezi chomwe thupi lathu limafunikira. |
| Kuteteza thupi | Zimaletsa zinthu zoopsa monga majeremusi ndi fumbi zomwe zimalowa m'thupi tikamapuma kuti zisalowe m'thupi. Ngati zinthu zotere zilowa, zimathandizanso kuzitulutsa kudzera mu kutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula. |
| Kulola kulankhula | Tikamalankhula, mpweya wochokera m'mapapo mwathu umagunda zingwe za mawu pakhosi pathu. Kugwedezeka kumeneko ndiko kumatulutsa mawu. |
| Kuthandiza ndi fungo | Tikamapuma, tinthu ta fungo mumlengalenga timakhudza mitsempha ya fungo pamwamba pa mphuno zathu. Mitsempha imeneyo imatumiza uthenga ku ubongo, womwe umatilola kununkhiza chinachake. |
| Kuwongolera bwino acid-base balance m'thupi | Ngati mpweya wa carbon dioxide m'magazi mwathu ukuwonjezeka, asidi m'magazi amawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, dongosololi limathandiza kuchotsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide wosafunikira ndikusunga pH ya magazi athu pamlingo woyenera. |
Kodi ziwalo za dongosolo lathu lopumira ndi ziti?
Ngwazi yaikulu ya dongosolo lino ndi mapapu athu. Koma kuti tichite bwino ntchitoyi, ziwalo zina zambiri ziyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
| Chiwalo / gawo | Mwachidule... |
|---|---|
| Mphuno ndi mphuno | Khomo lalikulu lomwe mpweya umalowa m'thupi. |
| Pakamwa ndi mkamwa | Khomo lachiwiri lolowera mpweya. |
| Ma sinuses | Mabowo obowoka kumbuyo kwa masaya ndi pamphumi. Amathandiza kulamulira kutentha ndi chinyezi cha mpweya. |
| Pakhosi (Pharynx) | Njira imene mpweya wochokera m'mphuno ndi mkamwa umadutsa kupita ku mapapo. |
| Bokosi la Mawu (Larynx) | Zingwe za mawu zomwe zimatithandiza kulankhula zili pano. |
| Matenda a trachea | Chubu chachikulu chomwe chimatenga mpweya kuchokera pakhosi kupita ku mapapo. |
| Bronchi | Njira zazikulu zopumira zomwe zimagawa trachea m'magawo awiri ndikunyamula mpweya kupita ku mapapo. |
| Mapapu | Malo ofunikira kwambiri osinthira mpweya ndi carbon dioxide. |
| Diaphragm | Minofu yomwe ili pansi pa mapapo imathandiza kulamulira kupuma. |
Dongosololi lingagawidwe m'magawo awiri akuluakulu: njira yopumira yapamwamba ndi njira yopumira yapansi . Zigawo monga mphuno, sinuses, ndi pakhosi ndi za njira yopumira yapamwamba, pomwe trachea, bronchi, ndi mapapo ndi za njira yopumira yapansi.
Kodi dongosololi limagwira ntchito bwanji? Nkhani yodabwitsa!
Mpweya wa okosijeni ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti maselo m'thupi lathu apange mphamvu. Mphamvu imeneyi ikapangidwa, mpweya wa kaboni dayokisaidi umapangidwa ngati zinyalala. Ngati mpweya wa kaboni dayokisaidi uwu waunjikana m'thupi, umativulaza. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayikulu ya dongosolo lopumira ndikusinthanitsa mpweya iwiriyi. Kuti tichite izi, dongosolo lathu lozungulira magazi, lomwe ndi mtima, magazi, ndi mitsempha yamagazi, zimagwirira ntchito limodzi.
Tangoganizani kuti tinthu ta okosijeni mumlengalenga umene timapuma tili ngati anthu mamiliyoni ambiri okwera ndege.
Mukapuma mpweya, diaphragm yanu imatsika. Izi zimawonjezera malo pachifuwa panu, ndipo mpweya (pamodzi ndi anthu onyamula mpweya) umakokedwa m'mapapu anu. Mpweya uwu umalowa kudzera mu mphuno kapena pakamwa panu, umayenda pansi pa trachea yanu, pansi pa bronchi yanu, ndipo, monga msewu wopita ku eyapoti, umalowa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya otchedwa alveoli m'mapapu anu. Izi zili ngati zipata za eyapoti.
Apa ndi pomwe ntchito yeniyeni imachitika. Apaulendo omwe ali ndi mpweya amalumphira m'mitsempha yamagazi yabwino kwambiri (ma capillaries) ozungulira matumba ampweya awa. Zili ngati taxi ikubwera kudzatenga wokwera amene wangotuluka kumene pachipata cha eyapoti. Taxi iyi ndi magazi athu. Kenako, magazi omwe ali ndi mpweya amapita ku selo iliyonse m'thupi ndikugawa mpweya.
Ndiye kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ndi carbon dioxide?
Maselo akagwiritsa ntchito mpweya kupanga mphamvu, amapanga carbon dioxide ngati zinthu zotayira. Wokwera mpweya atatsika mu taxi, wokwera wotchedwa carbon dioxide amakweranso mu taxi yomweyo. Kenako magaziwo amabwerera m'mapapo, komwe amaponya carbon dioxide m'matumba a mpweya otchedwa alveoli. Tikapuma, diaphragm imakwera mmwamba, kuchepetsa malo mkati mwa chifuwa. Kenako mpweya umatuluka m'mapapo, kutenga wokwera carbon dioxide.
Pa nthawi imeneyi, tsitsi laling'ono (cilia) ndi mamina m'njira yathu yopumira zimasefa fumbi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timalowa. Zimagwira ntchito ngati matsache ang'onoang'ono omwe amasesa m'misewu.
Ndi matenda ati omwe angakhudze dongosolo la kupuma?
Mwatsoka, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakhudze dongosolo lofunikali. Zinthuzi zingayambitsidwe ndi majeremusi, mavairasi, mabakiteriya, bowa, komanso utsi ndi fumbi mumlengalenga womwe timapuma. Matenda ena angayambitsidwenso ndi zinthu za majini.
| Matenda | Chiyambi chachidule |
|---|---|
| Matenda a rhinitis | Matenda monga mphumu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha ziwengo ku zinthu monga mungu, fumbi, ndi dander ya nyama. |
| Matenda opuma osatha | Matenda a nthawi yayitali monga mphumu, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), ndi Cystic Fibrosis. |
| Matenda opatsirana popuma | Matenda opatsirana m'mapapo monga chimfine ndi chimfine, komanso matenda opatsirana m'mapapo monga chibayo. |
| Kutupa | Kutupa kwa njira zopumira mpweya chifukwa cha matenda. Zitsanzo: Bronchitis, Sinusitis. |
| Kutupa kwa mapapo (matenda a m'mapapo amkati) | Matenda monga Pulmonary Fibrosis amayambitsa zipsera zosatha komanso kuuma kwa mapapo. |
| Kutsekeka kwa njira yopumira mpweya | Kutsekeka kwa njira yopumira chifukwa cha chinthu chachilendo, chotupa cha khansa kapena chosakhala khansa. |
Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe tiyenera kuda nkhawa nazo?
Ngati muli ndi vuto ndi dongosolo lanu la kupuma, mutha kuwona zizindikiro izi:
- Kuvuta kupuma kapena kupuma movutikira (dyspnea)
- Chifuwa chosalekeza
- Kutulutsa mawu akuti 'cheese-cheese' mukapuma (mukupuma movutikira)
- Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kulimba
- Chimfine chofala
- Kutuluka magazi ndi ntchofu
- Mtundu wabuluu wa milomo, khungu kapena misomali (cyanosis) - Ili ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndipo limafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Ngati kuli kofunikira, muyenera kutumizidwa ku ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit).
Kodi tingatani kuti tisunge bwino njira zathu zopumira?
Tonsefe tiyenera kuyesetsa kusunga dongosolo lofunikali m'miyoyo yathu yonse. Pali zinthu zingapo zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti tichite zimenezo.
1. Pewani kusuta fodya kotheratu. Kusuta fodya kapena kusuta fodya ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe mungawononge mapapo anu. Izi zingayambitse matenda ambiri oopsa, kuphatikizapo khansa.
2. Pewani kupuma zinthu zoopsa. Pewani utsi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu wina, mankhwala, ndi malo okhala ndi fumbi momwe mungathere. Ngati mukukumana ndi zinthuzi kuntchito kwanu, valani chigoba choyenera.
3. Imwani madzi ambiri. Mukamwa madzi okwanira tsiku lonse, mamina m'mapapo mwanu amakhala ochepa thupi ndipo amatha kutuluka mosavuta.
4. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.Tikamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, minofu m'mapapo mwathu imakhala yolimba, ndipo kupuma kwathu kumawonjezeka.
5. Dzitetezeni ku matenda. Sambani m'manja mwanu pafupipafupi komanso mokwanira. Pezani katemera wa matenda opuma monga chimfine pa nthawi yake.
Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Ngati muli ndi chifuwa chosatha, kupuma movutikira, kupweteka pachifuwa, kapena zizindikiro zina zachilendo, chonde onani dokotala mwamsanga.
Matenda ambiri opumira, ngati atapezeka msanga, amatha kuthetsedwa ndikuchiritsidwa asanafike poipa kwambiri. Choncho nthawi zonse samalirani thupi lanu.
Pumirani mkati. Pumirani kunja. Njira yosavuta iyi ndi moyo wathu. Imatithandiza kununkhiza, kulankhula, kuimba. Ndipo koposa zonse, imabweretsa mpweya wopatsa moyo m'maselo athu. Choncho samalirani dongosolo lodabwitsali. Ngati pali vuto lililonse, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala. Mukatero mudzatha kupuma mosavuta.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Thupi lathu lopuma ndi lodabwitsa kwambiri lomwe limatenga mpweya, womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri pa moyo, ndipo limatulutsa mpweya woipa womwe sufunika.
- Uwu ndi gulu lovuta la ziwalo zomwe zimayambira pamphuno mpaka m'malo akuya kwambiri a mapapo.
- Kusuta fodya ndiye mdani wamkulu wa dongosololi. Mwa kupewa, matenda ambiri amatha kupewedwa.
- Moyo wathanzi (kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumwa madzi ambiri, kupewa kuipitsa) kungateteze thanzi la dongosolo lopumira.
- Musanyalanyaze zizindikiro monga chifuwa chosatha komanso kupuma movutikira. Pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga.
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