Kodi munayamba mwaganizirapo mozama za malovu mkamwa mwanu? Mwina ayi, sichoncho? Koma kodi mukudziwa, malovu awa ndi madzi odabwitsa omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Tikamalankhula, tikamadya, tikamasangalala, zonsezi sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi zomwe zimatchedwa malovu. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za malovu awa, omwe ndi `(malovu)`, mwatsatanetsatane pang'ono.

Kodi malovu ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Malovu ndi madzi amadzi omwe amatuluka m'malovu (omwe amatchedwanso malovu) mkamwa mwanu. Nthawi zambiri timawatcha "malovu" kapena "choko." Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri ndi madzi, ali ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu, monga mapuloteni ndi ma enzyme.

Madokotala nthawi zina amayesa malovu anu kuti adziwe za thanzi lanu. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kuwona kuchuluka kwa cortisol m'thupi lanu, ngati mwagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake (poyesa mankhwala), komanso ngati muli ndi mavairasi monga HIV kapena matenda ena. Kodi sizodabwitsa zimenezo?

Kodi ubwino wa malovu m'thupi lathu ndi wotani?

Malovu si madzi okha. Amathandiza kwambiri osati pa thanzi la mkamwa mwathu, komanso pa thanzi lathu lonse. Onani maubwino awa.

Zimathandiza kuti pakamwa ndi pakhosi pakhale chinyezi komanso kukhala bwino

Malovu amathandiza kuti nembanemba zofewa (mucosae) zomwe zili mkamwa mwanu zikhale zonyowa komanso zopanda kumamatirana. Zimathandizanso kuti pakamwa panu pakhale chitetezo, chomwe chimateteza ku zinthu zoopsa monga mabakiteriya , poizoni, ndi kuvulala.

Kumathandiza kudya ndi kumeza mosavuta

Ganizirani momwe zingakhalire zovuta kumeza chakudya chomwe mumadya chikanakhala chouma. Malovu amanyowetsa chakudya, ndikuchipanga kukhala mpira waung'ono (`(bolus)`), ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kudutsa pakhosi, kutanthauza, kudzera m'mero ​​(`(esophagus)`) ndikulowa m'mimba (`(m'mimba)`). Popanda malovu, kumeza chakudya kungakhale ntchito yovuta kwambiri.

Kugaya chakudya kumayamba.

Kodi mukudziwa kuti kugaya chakudya kumayambira mkamwa? Pali enzyme yapadera yotchedwa amylase m'malovu. Ichi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa kugaya chakudya chokhala ndi sitachi (monga mpunga, buledi) chomwe timadya. Izi zimathandiza m'mimba.

Amateteza ku matenda

Malovu ali ndi enzyme ina yofunika kwambiri yotchedwa lysozyme . Izi zimawononga mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya ndikuletsa kufalikira kosafunikira kwa majeremusi mkamwa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zimagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo chachilengedwe pakamwa pathu.

Amateteza mano

Malovu amathandiza kwambiri mano athu. Calcium hydroxyapatite m'malovuMankhwalawa amaletsa kutayika kwa calcium m'mano (`(demineralization)`). Malovu amathandizanso kutsuka tinthu ta chakudya totsala titadya. Komanso, malovu amathandiza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mano chifukwa cha zakudya zomwe timadya. Zonsezi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha mabowo (`(mabowo)`) ndi matenda a chingamu (`(matenda a chingamu)`).

Zimasunga pH ya pakamwa moyenera

Malovu amathandiza kusunga pH (muyeso wa acidity/alkalinity) mkamwa mwathu pakati pa 6.0 ndi 7.5. Tikadya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya, pH ya zakudyazo imasiyana. Malovu amathandiza kubwezeretsa pH ya mkamwa pamlingo woyenera chakudya chikameza.

Zimathandiza kuchiritsa zilonda pakamwa

Ngati mwavulala mkati mwa tsaya lanu kapena bala laling'ono mkamwa mwanu, malovu angathandize kuti lichiritsidwe mwachangu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mapuloteni ena ndi zinthu zomwe zimakula m'malovu zimathandiza kukonzanso minofu ndikufulumizitsa kuchira kwa bala.

Zimathandiza kulawa chakudya

Kuti tilawe bwino zakudya zouma, ziyenera kukhala zonyowa. Pokhapokha titamva kukoma kwa chakudya, timatha kuzindikira kukoma kwake. Kunyowa kumeneku kumachitika ndi malovu.

Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti malovu angathandize bwanji matupi athu? Zingawoneke ngati zazing'ono, koma taonani momwe zimathandizira!

Kodi malovu amenewa amapangidwa bwanji? Amachokera kuti?

Malovu amapangidwa, monga tanenera kale, ndi tinthu ta mkamwa mwanu. Tinthu ta mkamwa mwanu timapanga malovu ndikuwatulutsa mkamwa mwanu kudzera m'njira zazing'ono (njira zotulutsira).

Tili ndi mapeyala atatu akuluakulu a malovu:

• Matumbo a Parotid: Awa ali patsogolo pa makutu anu, pafupi ndi masaya anu. Awa ndi matumbo akuluakulu a malovu . Malovu ochokera m'matumbowa amatuluka mkamwa mwanu pafupi ndi malovu anu apamwamba.
• Ma glands a m'munsi mwa ntchafu: Awa ali mu nsagwada yanu yapansi. Malovu ochokera ku glands awa amatuluka mkamwa mwanu pansi pa lilime lanu.
• Ma glands a sublingual: Awa ali pansi pa lilime lanu, pansi pa pakamwa panu. Malovu ochokera ku glands awa amatuluka mkamwa mwanu pansi pa lilime lanu.

Ma glands atatu akuluakuluwa amatulutsa 90% ya malovu athu onse. 10% yotsalayo imachokera ku ma glands ena ang'onoang'ono ambiri omwe ali mkamwa. Pa avareji, munthu wamkulu amapanga malita 0.5 mpaka 1.5 a malovu (ndiko kuti, pakati pa makapu 2 ndi 6) patsiku.

Kodi kupanga malovu kumayendetsedwa bwanji?

Kupanga malovu kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) yathu.Iyi ndi njira yomwe imalamulira ntchito zosafunikira za thupi lathu (monga kupuma ndi kugunda kwa mtima) zomwe sitimaganizira. Njirayi imagwira ntchito tikagona komanso tikakhala maso.

Zigawo ziwiri za dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha zimakhudza kupanga malovu:

• Dongosolo la mitsempha lachifundo: Dongosololi limagwira ntchito nthawi yadzidzidzi, makamaka tikamamva kupsinjika maganizo kapena mantha. Timatcha kuti yankho la "nkhondo kapena kuthawa". Dongosololi likalimbikitsidwa, limapanga malovu olimba komanso omata. Mukukumbukira nthawi yomwe mukumva pakamwa panu pakuuma mukakhala ndi mantha kapena nkhawa? Ichi ndichifukwa chake.
• Dongosolo la mitsempha la parasympathetic: Izi zimachita zosiyana ndi dongosolo lakale. Limayendetsa ntchito za thupi "zopumula ndi kugaya". Dongosololi likalimbikitsidwa, limapanga malovu ambiri amadzimadzi. Malovu amtundu uwu ndi omwe amachititsa kuti kudya ndi kumeza chakudya kukhale kosavuta.

Kawirikawiri, kukondoweza kwa dongosolo la mitsempha la parasympathetic kumakhudza kwambiri komanso kwanthawi yayitali kupanga malovu.

Kodi zinthu zina zimakhudza kupanga malovu?

Inde, zinthu zina za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zakudya zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa malovu omwe amapangidwa.

• Mukadya zakudya zowawasa , malovu anu amapanga malovu ambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zakudya zowawasa zimakhala ndi asidi wambiri. Choncho, malovu owonjezerawo amachepetsa asidi, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kungayambitse mano anu ndi dongosolo lanu logaya chakudya.
• Mukaganizira za chakudya, makamaka chakudya chomwe mumakonda, pakamwa panu pamayamba kutulutsa malovu, sichoncho? Zimenezi zikugwirizananso ndi izi.
• Ma gland a malovu amagwira ntchito kwambiri masana. Usiku, malovu amachepa kwambiri. Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi njira yogwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka thupi lathu la tsiku ndi tsiku (`(circadian rhythm)`).

Kodi malovu ali ndi chiyani?

Malovu ndi 99% ya madzi, ndipo 1% yotsalayo ndi mapuloteni, ma electrolyte , ndi zinthu zina.

Ofufuza apeza mitundu yoposa 1,000 ya mapuloteni m'malovu. Komabe, pafupifupi 10% yokha ndi yomwe ilipo m'malovu ambiri. Mapuloteni awa ndi mamolekyu akuluakulu komanso ovuta omwe amagwira ntchito zambiri mkati mwa maselo. Nazi mitundu ikuluikulu ya mapuloteni omwe amapezeka m'malovu:

• Amylase: Iyi ndi enzyme yomwe tidakambirana kale yomwe imathandiza kugaya chakudya. Imapangidwa makamaka ndi kapamba ndi malovu.
• Ma peptide olemera mu proline (PRPs): Awa ndi banja lalikulu la mapuloteni a m'malovu opangidwa ndi ma glands a parotid ndi submandibular. Amapanga pafupifupi 70% ya mapuloteni onse omwe ali m'malovu. Mwachitsanzo, ma PRP okhala ndi acidic amapanga filimu yoteteza (pellicle) pamwamba pa mano.
• Ma peptide oteteza thupi: Awa ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha mthupi cha thupi lathu. Ndi ofunikira polimbana ndi matenda ndi kutupa.
• Ma Mucin: Mapuloteni akuluakulu awa amasunga zinthu zomwe zili mkamwa, monga lilime ndi m'kamwa, zoterera (zopaka mafuta). Amagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga chakuthupi choteteza ku mabakiteriya, bowa, ndi mavairasi oopsa.
• IgA yobisika: Iyi ndi antibody. Imalumikizana ndi kulamulira majeremusi owopsa (majeremusi) ndi majeremusi osavulaza (majeremusi osadziwika) mkamwa. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo chathu chamthupi.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, malovu alinso ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe:

• Glucose (shuga)
• Urea (chinyezi)
• Cortisol ("hormone yovutitsa maganizo")
• Mahomoni ogonana (monga estrogen, testosterone)
• Zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mtundu wa magazi anu.

Kodi ndi mavuto ati azaumoyo omwe amafala chifukwa cha malovu?

Matenda ena ndi chithandizo chamankhwala (monga mankhwala ena, chithandizo cha radiation) zingakhudze kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa malovu anu.

Mavuto awiri akuluakulu a malovu ndi kusanza ndi kusanza kwambiri. Mwa awa, kusanza kwambiri ndiye vuto lofala kwambiri. Matenda onsewa akhoza kukhala akanthawi kochepa kapena osatha.

Kuchepa kwa malovu (hyposalivation)

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma glands anu a malovu sakupanga malovu okwanira. Izi zimatchedwanso xerostomia , zomwe zikutanthauza pakamwa pouma .

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani malovu akachepa?

Pamene kupanga malovu kumachepa, mavuto osiyanasiyana angachitike:

• Mpweya woipa (halitosis)
• Kusasangalala pakamwa ndi pakhosi
• Mavuto a pakamwa: mabowo, kuwola kwa mano, matenda ena a pakamwa
• Kusamva bwino kwa anthu omwe amavala mano opangidwa ndi mano
• Kuvuta kulankhula ndi kumeza

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malovu achepe?

Kusowa madzi m'thupi ndi chifukwa chachikulu. Kuphatikiza apo:

• Matenda ena a autoimmune: Mwachitsanzo, matenda a Sjögren, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis.
• Matenda a kachilombo: `(HIV)`, hepatitis C`(hepatitis C)`.
• Matenda a shuga: Izi zimapangitsa kuti shuga m'magazi apitirire kukwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asathenso kutaya madzi m'thupi.
• Matenda a Alzheimer.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi).

Kuphatikiza apo, pakamwa pouma pakhoza kukhala zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala opitilira 500. Ena mwa mankhwala odziwika bwino omwe amayambitsa pakamwa pouma ndi awa:

• Mankhwala oletsa nkhawa ndi oletsa kuvutika maganizo.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa kwa Mkodzo: Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pa matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kusadziletsa kwa mkodzo, chikhodzodzo chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, ndi COPD.
• Mankhwala oletsa kutsekeka kwa magazi, mankhwala oletsa kutsekeka kwa magazi, ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu.
• Mankhwala ena othamanga magazi, monga beta-blockers.
• Mankhwala a chemotherapy a khansa.
• Mankhwala a matenda a Parkinson.

Chithandizo cha radiation cha khansa ya mutu ndi khosi ndi chomwe chimayambitsanso kuchepa kwa malovu.

Kuchuluka kwa malovu (hypersalivation)

Izi zimatchedwanso sialorrhea . Izi zimachitika pamene tinthu ta m'malovu timatulutsa malovu ambiri. Izi zingayambitse kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi. Komabe, kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kwambiri si chifukwa chokhacho chomwe chimayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi. Izi zitha kuchitikanso ngati minofu ina mkamwa kapena pakhosi ili yofooka. Ichi ndi chifukwa chomwe makanda amatulutsira madzi m'thupi.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ngati malovu achuluka?

Ngati kutaya madzi m'thupi kwakula kwambiri kapena kwa nthawi yayitali, kungayambitse mavuto azaumoyo. Mwachitsanzo, kungayambitse matenda a pakhungu otchedwa angular cheilitis, omwe amayambitsa zilonda zopweteka komanso zosweka m'makona a pakamwa. Nthawi zina, malovu ochulukirapo amatha kulowa m'njira zopumira (aspiration), zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma movutikira kapena chibayo .

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malovu achuluke?

Mankhwala ena, makamaka mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala, angayambitse malovu ambiri ngati zotsatira zoyipa. Chitsanzo ndi mankhwala a Clozapine.

Kuphatikiza apo, izi zingayambitsenso kuchulukitsa kwa malovu:

• Mabowo osachiritsidwa: Mabowo angayambitse mabakiteriya kukula mkamwa, zomwe zingayambitse ma glands a malovu kupanga malovu ambiri pofuna kuyeretsa pakamwa.
• Matenda a gastroesophageal reflux (GERD): Apa ndi pamene asidi m'mimba amabwerera mmwamba kupita ku m'mero. Kenako ma gland a malovu amapanga malovu ambiri kuti asidi asabwererenso mkamwa.
• Nseru: Mukafuna kusanza, tinthu ta m'malovu timatulutsa malovu ambiri kuti tipewe asidi wa m'mimba womwe umabwera ndi kusanza kuti usawononge mkati mwa pakamwa panu.
• Mimba: Pa nthawi ya mimba, kupanga malovu kumatha kukwera kwakanthawi. Tizilombo ta malovu timalimbikitsidwa kwambiri panthawiyi. Komanso, nseru panthawi ya mimba ingayambitse kuchuluka kwa malovu.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti ngati muli ndi vuto la malovu?

Ngati muli ndi pakamwa pouma kapena malovu ambiri, ndipo zikupitirira, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala. Iye akhoza kukuyesani, kukuyesaninso ngati pakufunika kutero, ndikuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli. Kenako angakulangizeni chithandizo choyenera.

N’chifukwa chiyani malovu anga amandikulira?

Malovu amakhala okhuthala komanso omata, nthawi zambiri madzi ake akachepa. Nthawi zina, kumva "kokhuthala" komanso "komata" kumeneku kumathanso kumveka malovu akasakanikirana ndi ntchofu.

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa izi. Zinthu monga kutaya madzi m'thupi, kusuta fodya, ndi ziwengo zosatha. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse makulidwe a malovu anu ndikumwa madzi ambiri. Komabe, ngati muli ndi malovu okhuthala osatha, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala. Pakhoza kukhala chifukwa china choyambitsa vutoli.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Malovu ndi chinthu chomwe nthawi zambiri sitimaganizira kwambiri, pokhapokha ngati tili nacho chochuluka kapena chochepa. Komabe, ndi madzi otanganidwa kwambiri omwe ndi ofunikira pa thanzi lathu. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mafunso okhudza malovu anu kapena thanzi la mkamwa, musachite manyazi kapena kuopa kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Iye angakuthandizeni.

Pakamwa pabwino ndi chiyambi chabwino cha thupi labwino! Choncho musaiwale kufunika kwa malovu.

Malovu , zotupa za malovu, thanzi la pakamwa, pakamwa pouma, kuchuluka kwa malovu, chimbudzi