Kodi cholesterol yambiri? Kodi tikambirane za ma statin awa?

Ambiri aife tili ndi vuto la kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi. Ndizachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa mukalandira zotsatira za mayeso a magazi anu ndikuwona kuti LDL yanu yapitirira manambala atatu. Ndiye, kodi dokotala wanu wakuuzani kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala otchedwa statins kuti muchepetse cholesterol yanu? Mwina mukumwa kale mankhwalawa. Chifukwa chake, mwina muli ndi mafunso ambiri okhudza mankhwalawa, kugwira ntchito kwake, komanso zabwino ndi zoyipa zake. Tiyeni tikambirane mafunso onse omwe muli nawo okhudza mankhwalawa lero.

Mwachidule, kodi ma statin awa ndi chiyani?

Ma statin ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe angatengedwe pokhapokha ngati dokotala walemba mankhwala. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi lanu. Makamaka, ma statin ena amatha kuchepetsa cholesterol yanu ya LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cholesterol "yoyipa", ndi 50% kapena kuposerapo.

Madokotala amatcha LDL cholesterol "yoyipa" pazifukwa zina. Ganizirani mitsempha yomwe imanyamula magazi m'thupi lanu lonse ngati mapaipi amadzi. Chomwe cholesterol iyi ya LDL imachita ndikudziyika yokha pamakoma a mapaipi amadzi monga moss. Pakapita nthawi, malo osungira awa (omwe timawatcha kuti plaque) amasonkhana ndikuchepetsa malo mkati mwa mitsempha yanu yamagazi. Izi zimapangitsa mtima kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti upompe magazi, komanso zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa magazi.

Ma Statins samangochepetsa LDL yokha. Amachepetsanso mtundu wina wa mafuta m'magazi mwanu wotchedwa triglycerides. Amathandizanso chiwindi chanu kuchotsa cholesterol yosafunikira. Nthawi zina mankhwalawa amathanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein), yomwe imadziwika kuti cholesterol "yabwino" . HDL ndi "yabwino" chifukwa imasonkhanitsa cholesterol yosafunikira kuchokera mthupi lonse ndikuipereka ku chiwindi. Kenako chiwindi chimaichotsa m'thupi.

Mankhwalawa amabwera ngati mapiritsi kapena makapisozi. Amamwedwa kamodzi patsiku. Akhoza kumwedwa ndi chakudya kapena ayi. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse. Chizindikiro chomwe chili pa botolo lanu la mankhwala chidzakuuzani nthawi yomwe muyenera kumwa tsiku lililonse. Nthawi zambiri, ma statin afupiafupi amamwedwa usiku chifukwa matupi athu amatulutsa cholesterol yambiri usiku tikamagona. Komabe, ma statin afupiafupi sagwira ntchito bwino nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku.

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito mkati mwa thupi.

Izi n'zosavuta kumvetsa. Tangoganizani kuti chiwindi chanu ndiye fakitale yaikulu yomwe imapanga cholesterol. 75% ya cholesterol yomwe thupi lathu limafunikira imapangidwa ndi chiwindi ichi. Chotsalacho chimachokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya.

Kotero, kuti fakitale yopanga mafuta m'thupi iyi igwire ntchito, imafunika wantchito wofunikira. Umenewo ndi enzyme yotchedwa HMG-CoA reductase. Zili ngati kufunikira makanika waluso kuti apange galimoto.

Ma Statins amagwira ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Zili ngati mlonda pachipata cha fakitale. Ma Statins amaletsa enzyme ya HMG-CoA reductase kulowa mufakitale. Ndiye kuti, amaletsa. Ndiye chimachitika ndi chiyani? Chifukwa "wogwira ntchito" wamkulu amene amapanga cholesterol watha, kupanga cholesterol mu chiwindi kumachepa kwambiri. Umu ndi momwe ma statins amalamulira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi mwanu.

Chifukwa chiyani tikufunika ma statins awa?

Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.

Cholesterol ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti matupi athu apange vitamini D, mahomoni, ndi ma acid omwe amathandiza kugaya chakudya. Koma vuto ndilakuti, cholesterol yambiri imasonkhana m'magazi.

Monga ndanenera kale, cholesterol yowonjezerayi imayamba kusonkhana mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi. Timaitcha kuti atherosclerosis. Pakapita nthawi, ma depositi amenewa (plaque) amachititsa kuti mitsempha yamagazi ichepetseke. Kenako pamakhala malo ochepa oti magazi aziyenda. Zili ngati kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamsewu wotanganidwa.

Mkhalidwewu ukhoza kukhala woipa kwambiri. Nthawi zina, mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amasonkhana mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi amatha kukhala osakhazikika ndikuphulika mwadzidzidzi. Ngati magazi amaundana pamenepo, amatha kutseka mitsempha yamagazi kwathunthu. Ngati kutsekeka kumeneku kumachitika mu mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima, kumayambitsa matenda a mtima . Ngati kumachitika mu mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi ku ubongo, kumayambitsa sitiroko . Ma statins amachepetsa cholesterol ndipo amatiteteza ku matenda oopsa awa.

Ndi mitundu iti ya ma statins yomwe ilipo pamsika?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma statin. Dokotala wanu adzasankha mtundu ndi mlingo womwe ungakhale wabwino kwa inu kutengera momwe mulili.

Nthawi zina, mankhwala a statin amaperekedwa mu piritsi limodzi ndi mankhwala ena.

• Simvastatin yokhala ndi ezetimibe kapena niacin
• Atorvastatin yokhala ndi ezetimibe kapena amlodipine
• Lovastatin yokhala ndi niacin

Ndani ayenera kutenga ma statins?

Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri. Ma statin si mankhwala ofanana ndi onse. Dokotala adzakupatsani mankhwalawa kutengera chiopsezo chanu chonse chodwala matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Kawirikawiri, ma statins amaperekedwa kwa:

• Kwa iwo omwe sangathe kulamulira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi lawo kudzera mu zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi .
• Kwa anthu ena, chifukwa cha majini (majini), ndiko kuti, cholowa, thupi limapanga cholesterol yambiri kuposa momwe zimafunikira. Kwa anthu amenewo.
• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zinthu zomwe zingawapangitse kukhala ndi matenda a mtima, monga matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito fodya.

Posankha ngati mukufuna ma statin, dokotala wanu adzaganizira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zaka zanu, jenda, ndi mbiri ya banja lanu. Ma statin angapatsidwe kwa akuluakulu komanso, nthawi zina, ana aang'ono.

Nazi zina mwazochitika zomwe madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa ma statins:

• Kwa iwo omwe milingo yawo yoipa ya cholesterol (LDL) ili pamwamba kwambiri, yoposa 190 mg/dL, ndipo sangalamuliridwe ndi kusintha kwa moyo wawo.
• Anthu azaka zapakati pa 40-75 omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso LDL yoposa 70 mg/dL.
• Kwa iwo omwe adadwalapo matenda a mtima, sitiroko, kapena matenda a mitsempha yamagazi (PAD).
• Kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 40-75, omwe ali ndi LDL yoposa 70 mg/dL komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a mtima.

Kodi ma statins ali ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa?

Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, ma statin angayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa. Koma chofunika ndichakuti anthu ambiri sakumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zilizonse. Ngakhale zitakhala choncho, zambiri mwa izo zimakhala zazing'ono.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe izi. Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zilizonse zoyipa, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala wanu. Kenako akhoza kusintha mlingo wanu kapena kukusinthani ku statin ina.

Mafunso Omwe Amafunsidwa Kawirikawiri Okhudza Ma Statin

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutasiya kumwa ma statin mwadzidzidzi?

Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Ngati musiya kumwa ma statin popanda upangiri wa dokotala, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi anu kudzayamba kukweranso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko chidzawonjezekanso. Izi zili ngati kuchotsa ambulera pa mbedza mvula. Chitetezo chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi mankhwalawa chidzatayika. Choncho musasiye kumwa mankhwalawa pazifukwa zilizonse popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu.

Kodi ma statins amayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri?

Kafukufuku wina wapeza kuti ma statin angayambitse kunenepa pang'ono. Chinanso n'chakuti anthu ena akayamba kumwa mankhwalawo, chifukwa chakuti cholesterol yawo ndi yabwino, amaganiza kuti, "Tsopano ndili bwino," ndipo amanyalanyaza kuwongolera zakudya zawo ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngakhale zili choncho, amatha kunenepa. Kumbukirani, ngakhale mutamwa ma statin, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti pamene ndikumwa mankhwalawa?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi mukamamwa ma statins, uzani dokotala nthawi yomweyo:

• Kupweteka kwa minofu kapena mafupa kosapiririka
• Kufooka
• Malungo
• Kuoneka kwachikasu kwa maso kapena khungu (Jaundice)
• Mkodzo wakuda

Kodi pali anthu omwe sayenera kumwa ma statins?

Inde. Ma statins si oyenera anthu ena.

• Kwa amayi apakati
• Kwa amayi oyamwitsa
• Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake oopsa a chiwindi

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, uzani dokotala wanu. Kwa munthu amene ali kale pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga, ma statins angawonjezere pang'ono chiopsezocho. Komabe, chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a mtima, ubwino wa ma statins ndi woposa chiopsezo chochepa. Dokotala wanu ndiye munthu woyenera kupanga chisankho ichi.