Kodi nthawi zonse mumadzimva kutopa komanso kutopa? Mwina khungu lanu ndi lotumbululuka pang'ono? Izi sizinthu zosayembekezereka chabe, mwina kuchepa kwa magazi kumeneku, kutanthauza kusowa kwa magazi, kungakhale chifukwa cha izi. Lero tikulankhula za 'Thalassemia', matenda obadwa nawo okhudzana ndi magazi, omwe ndi ofala pakati pa anthu ambiri mdziko lathu. Musachite mantha mukamva dzinali. Tiyeni timvetse zonse zokhudza izi mosavuta.
Kodi Thalassemia kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, thalassemia ndi matenda obadwa nawo m'magazi omwe amabadwa nawo . Si matenda opatsirana. Matendawa amalepheretsa thupi lathu kupanga hemoglobin yokwanira yabwino.
Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti hemoglobin ndi chiyani. Hemoglobin ndi puloteni yapadera yomwe imapezeka mkati mwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi athu. Imagwira ntchito ngati 'ntchito yotumizira' yomwe imanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse. Phukusili lotchedwa hemoglobin limaperekedwa ku selo iliyonse m'thupi ndi magalimoto otchedwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi.
Munthu amene ali ndi thalassemia amakhala ndi hemoglobin yotsika m'thupi mwake. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira athanzi m'thupi kumachepanso. Vutoli la kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi ndi lomwe timatcha kuchepa kwa magazi , kapena 'kusowa kwa magazi'. Maselo a thupi akapanda kulandira mpweya womwe amafunikira, zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zimayamba kuwonekera.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungamve zinthu ngati izi:
- Kumva kutopa kwambiri komanso kutopa nthawi zonse.
- Kuvuta kupuma.
- Kumva kuzizira.
- Kumva chizungulire.
- Khungu lotumbululuka.
Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa thalassemia? Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?
Thalassemia imayamba chifukwa cha vuto m'majini athu. Taganizirani majini awa ngati 'programu code' yomwe ili ndi malangizo amomwe chilichonse m'thupi lathu chiyenera kupangidwira. Puloteni ya hemoglobin imapangidwa motsatira malangizo ochokera ku majini awa. Ngati pali cholakwika ndi malangizo awa, kapena ngati gawo lina la iwo likusowa, thupi silingathe kupanga hemoglobin yathanzi. Timalandira majini olakwika awa kuchokera kwa makolo athu. Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwa matenda obadwa nawo.
Molekyu ya hemoglobin imapangidwa ndi maunyolo anayi a mapuloteni: maunyolo awiri a alpha globin ndi maunyolo awiri a beta globin.
- Majini anayi amafunika kuti apange unyolo wa alpha globin (awiri kuchokera kwa kholo lililonse).
- Majini awiri amafunika kuti apange ma beta globin chains (mmodzi kuchokera kwa kholo lililonse).
Ngati pali vuto m'majini omwe amapanga unyolo wa alpha kapena beta, thalassemia imachitika. Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa majini omwe ali ndi vuto.
Akukhulupirira kuti kusintha kwa majini kumeneku kunayamba ngati njira yodzitetezera ku malungo, makamaka m'madera monga Africa, Southern Europe, ndi Asia (kuphatikizapo dziko lathu), komwe malungo anali ofala m'mbiri. Chifukwa chake, thalassemia imapezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu m'madera awa.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya thalassemia ndi iti?
Thalassemia ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo akuluakulu kutengera kuopsa kwa matendawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, imatha kuyambira pa mkhalidwe wa wodwala wopanda zizindikiro (khalidwe), mpaka pang'ono, pakati, ndi lalikulu. Mtundu woopsa kwambiri, Thalassemia Major, nthawi zambiri umafuna chithandizo chopitilira.
Thalassemia imagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu, kutengera ngati vuto la majini lili mu unyolo wa alpha kapena unyolo wa beta.
1. Alpha Thalassemia
2. Beta Thalassemia
Tiyeni timvetse bwino mitundu iwiriyi kuchokera pa tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Mtundu wa Thalassemia | Mphamvu ya majini | Chikhalidwe ndi zizindikiro za matendawa |
|---|---|---|
| Alpha Thalassemia | ||
| Chilema mu jini imodzi | Chilema mu jini limodzi mwa majini anayi a alpha globin. | Palibe zizindikiro. Nthawi zambiri anthuwa amangotenga matendawa. |
| Zolakwika ziwiri za majini | Chilema mu majini awiri mwa anayi a alpha globin. | Mungakhale opanda zizindikiro, kapena mungasonyeze zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (monga kutopa pang'ono). |
| Zilema zitatu za majini (matenda a hemoglobin H) | Chilema mu majini atatu mwa anayi a alpha globin. | Zizindikiro zake zimakhala kuyambira pakati mpaka pamlingo waukulu. Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumapitirira kwa moyo wonse. |
| Chilema m'majini onse anayi | Majini onse anayi a alpha globin ndi opanda pake. | Matenda oopsa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri mwana amamwalira ali m'mimba kapena atangobadwa kumene. |
| Beta Thalassemia | ||
| Chilema mu jini imodzi (Beta thalassemia minor) | Chilema mu jini limodzi mwa majini awiri a beta globin. | Zizindikiro zochepa za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi zimaonekera. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi monga onyamula matendawa. |
| Chilema m'majini onse awiri (Beta thalassemia major / Cooley's Anemia) | Majini onse awiri a beta globin ndi opanda pake. | Zizindikiro zimayambira pa matenda apakati mpaka aakulu. Matenda oopsa kwambiri amatchedwa Cooley's anemia ndipo amafunika chithandizo chopitilira. |
Kodi zizindikiro za thalassemia ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro zomwe mumakumana nazo zimadalira mtundu wa thalassemia womwe muli nawo komanso kuopsa kwake.
Milandu yopanda zizindikiro
Ngati muli ndi vuto limodzi la majini a alpha kapena vuto lochepa monga beta thalassemia minor, mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse . Kapena mungamve ngati kutopa pang'ono.
Zizindikiro zofatsa komanso zolimbitsa thupi
Pa milandu yocheperako, monga beta thalassemia intermedia, kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zochepa za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, zotsatirazi zingachitike:
- Kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa ana.
- Kuchedwa kutha msinkhu.
- Matenda a mafupa (monga osteoporosis).
- Kukula kwa ndulu (ichi ndi chiwalo chomwe chimalimbana ndi matenda).
Zizindikiro zazikulu
Mu matenda aakulu, monga vuto la majini atatu a alpha (Hemoglobin H disease) kapena beta thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia), zizindikiro zimawonekera mwana asanakwanitse zaka ziwiri. Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, zotsatirazi zingawonekere:
- Kusowa chilakolako.
- Khungu lotumbululuka kapena lachikasu (monga jaundice).
- Mkodzo wakuda, wooneka ngati tiyi .
- Kukula kosazolowereka kwa mafupa a nkhope.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa molondola?
Matenda a thalassemia apakati komanso oopsa nthawi zambiri amapezeka ali ana aang'ono. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera mkati mwa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo wa mwana. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso osiyanasiyana a magazi kuti adziwe vutoli.
- Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Okwanira (CBC): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi, kukula kwawo, ndi kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin. Anthu omwe ali ndi thalassemia ali ndi maselo ofiira ochepa athanzi, ndipo akhoza kukhala ochepa kukula.
- Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo: Kuyesa kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti tisiyanitse pakati pa kusowa kwa chitsulo ndi thalassemia.
- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pozindikira beta thalassemia.
- Kuyesa Majini: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira alpha thalassemia ndikupeza omwe amatenga matendawa.
Kodi mankhwala a thalassemia ndi ati?
Njira zochiritsira zimadalira kuopsa kwa vutoli. Matenda ofatsa nthawi zambiri safuna chithandizo. Komabe, pali njira zingapo zochiritsira matenda akuluakulu.
- Kuika Magazi: Mwachidule, 'kupereka magazi' . Magazi ochokera kwa munthu wathanzi amaperekedwa kwa wodwalayo kudzera mu mtsempha kuti abwezeretse maselo ofiira amagazi abwinobwino komanso kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin. Odwala omwe ali ndi beta thalassemia major amafunika kuikidwa magazi nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri milungu iwiri kapena inayi iliyonse.
- Chithandizo cha Kuchotsa Iron: Kuika magazi pafupipafupi kungayambitse kuwonjezeka kosafunikira kwa chitsulo m'thupi. Izi zimatchedwa 'kuchuluka kwa chitsulo'. Chitsulo chochulukirapochi chingawononge ziwalo monga mtima ndi chiwindi. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala omwe amachotsa chitsulo chochulukirapochi m'thupi amatchedwa 'kuchotsa iron'. Mankhwalawa amatha kumwedwa ngati mapiritsi.
- Folic Acid: Folic acid imaperekedwa kuti ithandize thupi kupanga maselo a magazi abwino.
- Kusamutsa Bone Marrow: Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yochiritsira thalassemia kwathunthu . Komabe, ndi opaleshoni yoopsa kwambiri komanso yovuta. Izi zimafuna wopereka wathanzi yemwe amagwirizana bwino ndi wodwalayo, nthawi zambiri m'bale wake.
Dziwani za mavuto, chithandizo, ndi moyo wanu wonse.
Ngati sichinalandire chithandizo choyenera, vuto lalikulu ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtima, chiwindi, ndi ma hormone glands, makamaka chifukwa cha chitsulo chochuluka. Chifukwa chake, monga momwe zalembedweraChithandizo cha iron chelation n'chofunika kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti kuikidwa mafupa kungachiritse matendawa, si aliyense amene angalandire chithandizochi chifukwa cha kuvutika kupeza wopereka woyenerera komanso zoopsa za opaleshoniyi.
Ponena za nthawi yoyembekezera moyo, ngati muli ndi thalassemia minor, mutha kuyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi matenda ochepa kapena oopsa, ngati mutsatira chithandizo chomwe mwapatsidwa (kuika magazi ndi kuchotsa chitsulo) molondola, muli ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi . Matenda a mtima ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chingayambitse imfa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchita chithandizo chochotsa chitsulo popanda kulumpha.
Kodi matendawa angapewedwe? Ndipo chisamaliro chopitilira chikufunika
Thalassemia ndi matenda a majini, kotero sitingathe kuletsa kuti asachitike. Komabe, kuyezetsa majini kungakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati inu kapena mnzanu ndinu omwe ali ndi jini la thalassemia. Ngati mukukonzekera kukhala ndi mwana, ndikofunikira kudziwa izi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani mlangizi wa majini kapena dokotala wanu.
Ngati muli ndi thalassemia, muyenera kuyesedwa magazi nthawi zonse (CBC) ndi kuyezetsa kuchuluka kwa iron. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeninso kuti muyesedwe ntchito ya mtima ndi chiwindi chanu kamodzi pachaka.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Thalassemia si matenda opatsirana, ndi matenda a majini omwe amabadwa nawo kuchokera kwa makolo.
- Matendawa amatha kuyambira pa munthu amene ali ndi matendawa popanda zizindikiro mpaka kufika pa matenda aakulu omwe amafunika chithandizo chokhazikika.
- Kuti odwala omwe ali ndi thalassemia major akhale ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi, kuikidwa magazi nthawi zonse komanso kuchotsa chitsulo ndikofunikira.
- Ngati m'banja mwanu muli ndi mbiri ya thalassemia, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli ndikupeza mayeso a majini musanayambe kukhala ndi mwana.
- Musanyalanyaze zizindikiro monga kutopa ndi kufooka. Nthawi zonse funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.
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