Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza njira ya TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement), yomwe imalowa m'malo mwa valavu popanda kutsegula mtima

Mukamva mawu oti "opaleshoni ya mtima," kodi n’chiyani chimabwera m’maganizo mwanu? Nthawi zambiri, timaganiza za opaleshoni yaikulu yomwe imakhudza kutsegula chifuwa, sichoncho? Koma ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, tsopano pali njira zosavuta komanso zosaopsa zochizira matenda ena a mtima. Lero, tikambirana za njira imodzi yatsopano komanso yopambana.

Kodi TAVR ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.

Tanthauzo lonse la TAVR ndi Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement . Nthawi zina imatchedwanso TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation). Mayina onsewa amatanthauza njira imodzi yochizira.

Mwachidule, TAVR ndi njira yosinthira valavu ya aorta ya mtima kudzera mu kudula pang'ono kwambiri, popanda kutsegula chifuwa.

Taganizirani mtima wathu ngati pompu yamadzi m'nyumba. Pampu iyi imatumiza magazi ku thupi lonse kudzera mu chitoliro chachikulu. Pampu yayikulu iyi imatchedwa aorta. Magazi akamapita kuchokera mumtima kupita ku aorta iyi, pamakhala china chake chonga chipata chomwe chimayang'anira kuyenda kwa magazi. Ndicho chimene timachitcha valavu ya aorta. Ngati valavu iyi siitsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa bwino, mavuto aakulu amabuka mu kuyenda kwa magazi kupita ku thupi lonse. TAVR imaphatikizapo kusintha valavu yowonongeka komanso yosagwira ntchito ndi valavu yatsopano.

Ndani akufunikira njira ya TAVR?

Chithandizochi chimafunika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotchedwa aortic stenosis . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, valavu ya aortic yomwe tidakambirana kale ndi yopapatiza. Monga chipata chozizira, valavu iyi sitseguka kwathunthu.

Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe valavu imachepera motere:

• Kukalamba: Kawirikawiri mwa anthu azaka zopitirira 70, calcium imasonkhana mu valavu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikule ndikulimba.
• Matenda ena: Valavu iyi imathanso kuwonongeka mwachangu chifukwa cha matenda monga matenda a mtima a nyamakazi kapena zolakwika zina za mtima wobadwa nazo (monga valavu ya bicuspid aortic).

Pamene valavu yachepa, mtima umayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuposa kale kuti upompe magazi omwe thupi limafunikira. Zili ngati injini yomwe imafunika kupompa madzi ambiri kudzera mu chitoliro chotsekedwa. Pakapita nthawi, kupsinjika kowonjezera kumeneku pamtima kumatha kufooketsa minofu ya mtima, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti mtima usagwire bwino ntchito.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani musanachite TAVR?

Musanayambe kuchita TAVR, dokotala wanu adzakuyesani mayeso angapo kuti aone bwino momwe mulili. Mayesowa angakuthandizeni kudziwa bwino momwe magazi akuyenderera mumtima mwanu komanso ngati pali mavuto ena.

Mayeso omwe nthawi zambiri amachitidwa ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi
• Echocardiogram - Izi zili ngati kusanthula mtima.
• Kadiyogramu ya Kadiyo (ECG)
• CT scan kapena MRI scan
• Kutsegula mtima (catheterization) - Izi zimayang'ana ngati pali kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ya mtima yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima.

Pambuyo poyesa zonsezi, dokotala adzakulankhulani ndikufotokozerani zonse zokhudza chithandizocho, zomwe mungayembekezere pambuyo pake, komanso momwe mudzapatsidwire mankhwala oletsa ululu. Mutha kufunsa mafunso aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo panthawiyi.

Mudzapemphedwa kuti musiye kudya ndi kumwa maola 4-6 musanayambe kulandira chithandizo. Komanso, muyenera kufunsa dokotala wanu ngati muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala aliwonse komanso nthawi yake.

Momwe chithandizo cha TAVR chimachitikira

Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri. Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu kuti musamve ululu uliwonse. Mudzapatsidwanso mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana.

Kenako, dokotala wa mtima wolowererapo amatsatira njira izi:

1. Kudula pang'ono: Kudula pang'ono kwambiri kumachitika, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi mtsempha waukulu wamagazi (femoral artery) kumtunda kwa ntchafu yanu, pafupi ndi khosi.

2. Kuika catheter: Kudzera mu kudulako, chubu chofewa kwambiri, chosinthasintha chotchedwa catheter chimadutsa m'mitsempha yamagazi mpaka kumtima.

3. Kuyika valavu yatsopano: Vavu yatsopano imatengedwa kudzera mu catheter iyi, ndikuyikidwa mkati mwa valavu yanu yakale, yowonongeka, ndikukulitsidwa. Vavu yatsopanoyo imayikidwa pamalo omwewo. Vavu yakale imakankhidwira pambali ndi yatsopanoyo ndipo imakhalabe pamenepo.

4. Kuyesa: Valavu yatsopano imayesedwa kuti ione ngati ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso ngati pali kutayikira kulikonse.

5. Kuchotsa ndi kusoka: Ngati zonse zili bwino, catheter imachotsedwa mosamala, kudula pang'ono komwe kunapangidwa poyamba kumasoka, ndipo pulasitala imayikidwa.

Kawirikawiri, njira yonseyi imatenga ola limodzi kapena awiri.

Kodi ubwino wa izi ndi wotani?

TAVR ili ndi ubwino wambiri kuposa opaleshoni yachikhalidwe yotsegula mtima.

Ngakhale kuti pali ubwino wotere, opaleshoni ya mtima yotseguka ingakhale yoyenera kwa odwala ena. Muyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu ngati opaleshoni ya TAVR kapena opaleshoni yotseguka ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira.

Kodi palibe zotsatirapo zake? Tiyeni tikambiranenso za zoopsa zake

TAVR ndi mankhwala opambana kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, mavuto tsopano ndi osowa. Komabe, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira ina iliyonse yachipatala, pali zoopsa zazing'ono.

• Mphamvu yamagetsi ya mtima imakhudzidwa, zomwe zimafuna kuti pacemaker ikhazikitsidwe .
• Kutuluka magazi mozungulira valavu yatsopano.
• Stroke.
• Kutuluka magazi.
• Matenda.
• Kuwonongeka kwa impso, mtima, kapena mitsempha yamagazi.

Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani zoopsa izi mokwanira. Popeza izi zimachitika ndi gulu lachipatala lodziwa bwino ntchito, zoopsa zake n'zochepa kwambiri.

Kodi njira ya TAVR si yoyenera aliyense?

Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri, si oyenera aliyense. Dokotala wanu sangalimbikitse TAVR kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda awa:

• Ngati mwakhala ndi vuto la mtima mkati mwa mwezi umodzi.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima lobadwa nalo.
• Ngati pali mavuto ndi ma valve ena a mtima (monga Mitral regurgitation).
• Ngati mwakhala ndi sitiroko posachedwapa kapena TIA (Transient ischemic attack).
• Ngati muli ndi matenda aakulu a impso.

Dokotala wanu adzakukonzerani chithandizo choyenera kwambiri malinga ndi thanzi lanu lonse.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire?

Anthu ambiri amatha kubwerera kunyumba kuchokera kuchipatala pasanathe tsiku limodzi kapena awiri atalandira chithandizo cha TAVR. Nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti munthu achire mokwanira imasiyana malinga ndi munthu.

• Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kuyambiranso zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku pasanathe masiku angapo.
• Muyenera kudikira pafupifupi sabata imodzi musanachite zinthu monga kunyamula zolemera.
• Mukhoza kupita kuntchito pakatha milungu iwiri kenako n’kuyendetsa galimoto pakatha mwezi umodzi.
• Zingatenge pakati pa milungu 6 ndi 10 kuti munthu achire bwino.

Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani malangizo okhudza nthawi yopuma yomwe mukufuna, zomwe mungachite, ndi zomwe simuyenera kuchita. Kutsatira malangizo amenewo n'kofunika kwambiri kuti muchiritse msanga.

Kuphatikiza apo, mungatumizidwe ku pulogalamu yothandiza anthu kuti azitha kuchira matenda a mtima , yomwe ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi apadera kuti mulimbitse mtima wanu. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti muchiritse msanga.

Kodi muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala liti?

Mukamaliza kulandira chithandizo cha TAVR, mudzapemphedwa kuti mupite kukayezetsa, pafupifupi kamodzi pamwezi kenako kamodzi pachaka. Maulendo otsatirawa ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kuti valavu yatsopano ikugwira ntchito bwino. Komabe, ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zilizonse pansipa, muyenera kuyimbira dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati pachitika ngozi monga kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa kapena kuvutika kupuma , pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Padzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo.