Kodi mukudziwa za khansa ya m'mimba? Tiyeni tikambirane momasuka za iyo.

Lero tikambirana za nkhani yofunika kwambiri yomwe akazi ambiri amakayikira kuikamba, koma tonsefe tiyenera kuidziwa. Umenewo ndi matenda otchedwa Vaginal Cancer. Mutha kuchita mantha mukamva dzinali. Koma musachite mantha. Uwu ndi mtundu wa khansa wosowa kwambiri. Koma kudziwa izi ndikofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi lanu. Chifukwa chake lero tikambirana izi mosavuta, ngati kuti tikulankhula ndi mnzanu, mwatsatanetsatane.

Mwachidule, kodi khansa ya m'mimba ndi chiyani?

Khansa ya kumaliseche ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo omwe ali mkati mwa nyini yanu, gawo lamkati mwa maselo. Monga mukudziwa, nyini ndi chiwalo chonga chubu chomwe chimayambira pansi pa chiberekero, khomo lachiberekero, mpaka ku ziwalo zanu zakunja, maliseche.

Pali chinthu chofunikira kumvetsetsa apa. Nthawi zina khansa yomwe imayambira m'malo ena, monga khansa ya pachibelekero kapena khansa ya chiberekero, imatha kufalikira kumaliseche. Koma khansa ya pachibelekero yomwe tikukamba lero ndi khansa yomwe imayambira m'maselo a pachibelekero. Izi ndizosowa kwambiri kuposa kufalikira kwa khansa zina.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya khansa iyi ndi iti?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa ya m'mimba. Izi zimagawidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa selo lomwe khansa imayambira. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu.

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

Monga ndanenera kale, uwu ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Pafupifupi mkazi m'modzi mwa akazi 100,000 ndi amene amapezeka ndi matendawa. Pa khansa zonse za amayi, khansa ya m'mimba ndi yochepa kwambiri, pakati pa 1% ndi 2%. Choncho palibe chifukwa choopa izi mosafunikira, koma kudziwa bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?

Monga matenda ena aliwonse, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa khansa. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

• Kukhala ndi zaka zoposa 60: Chiwopsezo chotenga khansa iyi chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba. Mtundu wofala kwambiri, ``Squamous cell carcinoma,'' nthawi zambiri umapezeka pafupifupi zaka 60. Komabe, nthawi zina umatha kufalikira mwa anthu osakwana zaka 60.
• Matenda a Human Papillomavirus (HPV): HPV ndi kachilombo kopatsirana pogonana. Ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya pachibelekero komanso khansa ya m'chiberekero. Kukhala ndi anthu ambiri ogonana nawo osalandira katemera wa HPV kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda.
• Matenda a Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN): `(VAIN)` amatanthauza kuti pali maselo osazolowereka m'kati mwa nyini, koma sanakhalebe maselo a khansa. Izi zili ngati matenda asanafike khansa. Anthu ena amadwala matendawa ngati khansa, pomwe ena sadwala. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a `(HPV)` amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wodwala `(VAIN).`
• Kukhala ndi khansa ya pachibelekero kapena cervical dysplasia: Pali chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'chiberekero ngati mudalandirapo chithandizo cha khansa ya pachibelekeropo. Palinso chiopsezo chokhala ndi maselo osazolowereka m'chiberekero (cervical dysplasia).
• Kukumana ndi diethylstilbestrol (DES): ``DES'' ndi mahomoni opangidwa omwe adaperekedwa kuti apewe mavuto panthawi ya mimba pakati pa 1940 ndi 1971. Ngati amayi anu adamwa mankhwalawa panthawi ya mimba, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga ``Adenocarcinoma''.
• Kusuta: Musadabwe, kusuta kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba kawiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Poyamba, khansa iyi nthawi zambiri siimayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse. Mutha kudziwa izi pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu apeza maselo osazolowereka panthawi yowunika thupi, monga Pap smear. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyesedwa pafupipafupi ndi azimayi.

Koma ngati zizindikiro zikuwonekera, zikhoza kukhala motere:

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, choyamba adzamvetsera mosamala zizindikiro zanu kenako adzakuyesani mayeso angapo kuti aone ngati muli ndi khansa kapena maselo omwe asanafike khansa.

Mayeso akuluakulu

• Kuyezetsa m'chiuno: Dokotala adzayang'ana nyini yanu ndi khomo lachiberekero kuti aone ngati pali vuto lililonse kapena zotupa.
• Kuyeza magazi m'mimba: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga maselo ochepa kuchokera ku chiberekero chanu ndi kumaliseche ndikuwayang'ana pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti muwone ngati pali maselo olakwika.
• Colposcopy: Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumachitika ngati pali vuto lililonse mu Pap smear. Pa izi, nyini ndi chiberekero zimafufuzidwa mosamala ndi kuwala kwapadera ndi chipangizo chokulitsa (colposcope).
• Kufufuza za khansa: Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira 100% ngati ndi khansa. Pa nthawi ya colposcopy, chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu chimatengedwa kuchokera pamalo okayikitsa ndikutumizidwa ku labu kuti akaone maselo a khansa.

Kudziwa gawo la khansa

Ngati biopsy ikutsimikizira kuti ndi khansa, sitepe yotsatira ndikupeza momwe yafalikira. Izi timazitcha staging. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya scan imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.

• Kujambula kwa CT, MRI, PET: Kujambula kumeneku kumatha kuwona kukula kwa chotupacho, ngati chafalikira ku ma lymph nodes, komanso ngati chafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.
• Cystoscopy: Kuyesa kuona ngati khansa yafalikira ku chikhodzodzo.
• Proctoscopy: Kuyesa kuona ngati khansa yafalikira mpaka ku rectum.

Kodi imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Ndondomeko ya chithandizo imadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, gawo lake, zaka zanu, komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Ngati mukukonzekera kukhala ndi ana, mungafunenso kukambirana izi ndi dokotala wanu.

• Opaleshoni: Opaleshoni ingachitike kuti ichotse khansa ndi minofu yathanzi yozungulira ('Kuchotsa malo ambiri'), kuchotsa gawo kapena mbali yonse ya nyini ('Vaginectomy'), ndipo nthawi zina kuchotsa chiberekero ndi ma lymph nodes ('Hysterectomy'). Ngati matendawa abwereranso, opaleshoni yayikulu, monga 'Kutulutsa Pelvic', ingafunike kuchotsa ziwalo zingapo m'chiuno.
• Chithandizo cha radiation:Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri (monga ma X-ray) kuti awononge maselo a khansa. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito makina omwe ali kunja kwa thupi (`External radiation`) kapena poika zinthu zowononga ma radiation mu nyini (`Internal radiation`).
• Chemotherapy: Kupereka mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pa khansa ya m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi chithandizo cha radiation kuti awonjezere mphamvu yake.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo?

Ngakhale palibe njira yodzitetezera khansa iyi 100%, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu.

• Pita kukayezetsa matenda a akazi nthawi zonse komanso kukayezetsa magazi pafupipafupi. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe muyenera kuchita izi.
• Pezani katemera wa HPV. Funsani dokotala wanu za katemera wa HPV. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha khansa ya pachibelekero komanso khansa ya m'chiberekero.
• Pewani kusuta fodya konse. Kusuta kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa zonse.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani kuti ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mimba, si mapeto a dziko. Lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu ndipo muuzeni momveka bwino za mtundu wa khansa, kufalikira kwake, ndi njira zomwe mungasankhire chithandizo. Ngati mwapezeka msanga, mumakhala ndi mwayi wochira bwino, kuchira kwathunthu, ndikukhala moyo wabwinobwino. Ndikofunikanso kufunafuna chithandizo chamaganizo kuchokera kwa abale anu, anzanu, ndi alangizi paulendowu.