Ni iki kirimo kuba mu mutima wawe? Reka tubirebe dukoresheje uburyo bwo gushushanya umutima.

Ese wigeze wibaza ibibera mu mutima wacu? Hari igihe abaganga baba bakeneye kubona neza imiterere y'umutima wawe. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku buryo bwihariye bukoreshwa muri bene ibyo bihe. Ibi ni byo twita gusa `(Ishusho y'umutima)` cyangwa isuzuma ry'umutima. Ntugahangayike, iki si ikibazo gikomeye, reka tubisobanure kimwe kimwe.

Gufata amashusho y'umutima ni iki?

Mu magambo make, gufata amashusho y'umutima ni inzira ifata amashusho y'umutima wawe n'ibintu biwukikije. Ni nko gufata ifoto, ariko biratandukanye gato. Bifasha abaganga kureba niba umutima wawe umeze neza cyangwa niba hari ikibazo. Hari n'ababyita gufata amashusho y'umutima n'amaraso, ariko ibisobanuro ni bimwe.

Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ingenzi bwo gupima umutima?

Hari uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa mu gusuzuma umutima. Bitewe n'uko umuntu ameze, muganga ni we uzagena uburyo azakoresha. Reka turebe uburyo bw'ingenzi:

• Echocardiogram - mu magambo make tuyita "Echo": Abantu benshi babyumvise.
• Gupima umutima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya CT (cardiac computed tomography): Ubu nabwo ni ubwoko bwa scan.
• Ikizamini cy'imihangayiko y'umutima cya kirimbuzi: Iki gikoresho gikoresha ibintu bike bifite imirasire.
• Isuzuma rya mudasobwa ryakozwe na fotoni imwe (SPECT): Ubu ni ubwoko bw'ikizamini cya kirimbuzi cyavuzwe haruguru.
• Igipimo cy'imyakura y'umutima (PET): Iki nacyo ni ikindi kizamini cya kirimbuzi.
• Isuzuma rya angiogramu cyangwa catheterization y'umutima w'ibumoso ("cath y'umutima"): Ibi bireba imitsi ijyana ku mutima.
• MRI y'umutima: Iyi ni MRI scan, ariko ni umwihariko w'umutima.
• Gupima uburyo umutima ukora (MUGA): Ibi kandi bigenzura imikorere y'umutima.

Hari igihe abaganga bashobora gukorera hamwe ibi bizamini bibiri cyangwa bitatu. Urugero, gupima CT scan na coronary angiogram, cyangwa PET na CT scan, bishobora gukorwa hamwe kugira ngo basobanukirwe neza imiterere y'umutima wawe.

Ni ryari muganga asaba ko habaho ikizamini cyo gupima umutima?

Abaganga bakoresha ibi bizamini kubera impamvu nke. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo:

• Gusuzuma indwara z'umutima mbere yuko indwara iyo ari yo yose ifata umutima.
• Suzuma indwara z'umutima kugira ngo umenye neza indwara z'umutima usanzwe ufite.
• Niba umuntu afite indwara y'umutima, reba uburyo umutima wangiritse cyane.
• Hari abantu bagira ibimenyetso nko kubabara mu gatuza no kugorwa no guhumeka. Menya icyabitera .
• Mu kuvura indwara y'umutima, ibi binakoreshwa mu kugenzura niba ubuvuzi bufitiye akamaro umutima cyangwa atari wo.

Tekereza ko ubabara gato mu gatuza. Niba muganga akeka ko ari ikintu gifitanye isano n'umutima, ashobora gukora ikizamini nk'iki.

Ni izihe ndwara z'umutima zishobora kumenyekana hifashishijwe ibi bipimo?

Ubu buryo bwo gufata amashusho y'umutima bushobora gufasha gusuzuma no kuvura indwara nyinshi z'umutima, harimo:

• Arrhythmia: Ibi bivuze ko umutima utera uhinduka utari usanzwe.
• Indwara y'imitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima: Kuziba kw'imitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima.
• Indwara y'umutima: Iyi ni yo ndwara y'umutima yitwa.
• Umutima unanirwa: Umutima uba ufite intege nke kandi ntushobora kohereza amaraso ahagije mu mubiri.
• Indwara z'umutima ku bana n'iz'abana bavukanye: Urugero, impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu miterere y'umutima.
• Indwara y'imitsi y'umutima: Indwara y'imitsi y'umutima.
• Indwara ya Pericardial: Indwara z'ururenda rugufi rukikije umutima.

Noneho reka tuvuge kuri bimwe muri ibi bizamini by'ingenzi mu buryo burambuye.

Echocardiogram (Echo) ni iki?

Echocardiogram ikoresha amajwi yo mu bwoko bwa "high-frequency" (amajwi tudashobora kumva) yitwa ultrasound kugira ngo ifate amafoto y'umutima. Ibi bishobora gukora amashusho asa n'amashusho y'ibyumba by'umutima, imiyoboro y'amaraso, inkuta n'imitsi y'amaraso. Ubwoko bwihariye bwa echocardiogram bwitwa Doppler bushobora kandi gupima urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso muri buri cyumba cy'umutima.

Echocardiogram ishobora gufasha gupima uburyo umutima utera amaraso neza ndetse n'uburemere bw'indwara y'umutima, niba ihari. Ishobora kandi kumenya ibibazo by'imitsi y'umutima, ubwandu, kuzura kw'amaraso, cyangwa imyobo mu mutima. Iki kizamini gikunze gukoreshwa n'abaganga b'umutima kuko gishobora gutanga amakuru menshi hatabayeho gukoresha imirasire.

Igipimo cya Cardiac Computed Tomography (Cardiac CT) ni iki?

Isuzuma rya CT ry’umutima rikoresha mudasobwa kugira ngo rikore amashusho arambuye y’umutima binyuze mu gufata X-rays zitandukanye. Ibi bituma amashusho afatwa ku rwego rutandukanye no mu bice bitandukanye. Aya mashusho ashobora kurebwa mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa agakorwa nk'amashusho y’ibice bitatu, bigatuma umutima n'ibice biwukikije birebwa mu mpande zitandukanye.

Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko ukorerwa isuzuma rya CT scan kugira ngo arebe niba imitsi y'amaraso yazibye cyangwa ibibazo by'imiterere y'umutima. Hari igihe ibi bishobora gukorwa iyo ibindi bipimo bidatanga amakuru ahagije. Abaganga b'umutima n'abaganga b'indwara z'umutima (bakora abaganga b'umutima bakoresheje imiyoboro mito) bakoresha ibi kugira ngo bakore ikarita y'umutima wawe kugira ngo bagufashe gufata icyemezo niba uri umukandida mwiza wo kubagwa cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.

Ikizamini cy'umutima gipima stress ya nucleaire ni iki?

Ibi bikoresha ibintu bikoresha imirasire byitwa "tracer" kugira ngo birebe uko amaraso atembera mu mutima wawe no mu nkengero zawo. Muganga wawe atera iyi "tracer" mu mitsi iri mu mubiri wawe, hanyuma agakoresha kamera idasanzwe kugira ngo afate amafoto y'umutima wawe. Iki kizamini gikorwa rimwe mu gihe uri kuruhuka ndetse no nyuma yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri (urugero, wiruka ku gikoresho cyo kwiruka).

Iki kizamini cyitwa kandi ``Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)''.

Hariho kandi ubwoko bw'ibipimo by'imihangayiko y'umutima:

• Isuzuma rya PET y'umutima (positron emission tomography)
• Indwara y'umutima (Cardiac SPECT) - tomography yakozwe na mudasobwa imwe

Igipimo cya PET cy'umutima ni iki?

Gupima PET nabyo ni ikizamini cyo gusuzuma amashusho ya kirimbuzi, nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru. Bikoresha kandi tracer ya radiation. Iyi tracer yinjizwa mu bice by'umutima birwaye. Hanyuma kamera ya PET ishobora kumenya aho tracer yinjijwe.

Isuzuma rya PET ry’umutima ahanini rireba imikorere y’imikorere y’uturemangingo tw’umutima. Rishobora kumenya ibyangiritse ku mutima, nk’inkovu, nyuma yo gurwara umutima. Rinakoreshwa mu gupima stress y’umutima. Isuzuma rya PET rikunze gukorwa hamwe na CT scan.

Isuzuma ry'umutima rya `(SPECT)` ni iki?

Gupima SPECT nabyo ni ikizamini cya nuclear imaging. Gikoresha tracer ya radioactive kugira ngo kirebe uko amaraso atembera n'imikorere y'umubiri mu mubiri w'umutima. Muganga atera tracer mu mitsi, hanyuma ikajya mu mutima. Kamera ya SPECT ishobora kumenya aho tracer yashyizwe.

Angiogramu y'umutima ni iki?

Angiogramu y'umutima ni ikizamini cyihariye cya X-ray gikorerwa mu gihe cyo gushyiramo katheta y'umutima. Muri iki kizamini, muganga wawe ashyira umuyoboro muremure kandi muto (witwa catheter) mu mutsi munini uri mu kibuno cyawe cyangwa ku kuboko maze akawushyira mu mutima wawe. Hanyuma, irangi ryihariye rishyirwa mu maraso yawe binyuze muri uwo muyoboro. Imashini ya X-ray ifata amafoto y'irangi mu gihe rinyura mu mitsi ikikije umutima wawe.Iki kizamini ahanini gisuzuma niba imitsi y'amaraso yazibye cyangwa yazibye. Tekereza nko gusuzuma niba hari umwanda wafatiwe mu muyoboro w'amazi.

MRI y'umutima ni iki?

MRI y'umutima ikoresha imiraba ya radiyo na rukuruzi aho gukoresha imirasire kugira ngo isuzume umutima. MRI ishobora gufata amashusho arambuye . Igaragaza ibice by'umutima neza kandi ikagaragaza uburyo bikora neza. Ishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara nyinshi ishakisha aho umutima wangiritse, nko mu nkovu cyangwa mu kubyimba.

Gupima MUGA ni iki?

Isuzuma rya MUGA rireba imikorere y'ibyumba byo hasi by'umutima (byitwa ventricles). Iri suzuma ryitwa kandi radionuclide ventriculography.

Muri iki kizamini, umuganga atera umuti utera imirasire mu mitsi. Kamera yihariye isuzuma iyi mirasire ikayikoresha mu gukora amashusho agenda y’umutima utera. Isuzuma rya MUGA rifata amafoto y’umutima mu bihe runaka, buri gihe uko utera.

Iki kizamini gipima igice cyo gusohora amaraso. Iki ni ingano y'amaraso umutima usohora igihe cyose ukubita. Abaganga ntibagikoresha iki kizamini kenshi, ariko ni bumwe mu buryo bwo gupima ubushobozi bw'umutima bwo gusohora amaraso. Akenshi gikoreshwa mu gupima igice cyo gusohora amaraso mu gihe gisanzwe mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bw'igihe kirekire hakoreshejwe imiti ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi ku mutima, nka chemotherapy ku ndwara ya kanseri.

Twakwitegura dute ikizamini nk'iki?

Muganga wawe azagusobanurira uburyo bwo kwitegura ikizamini runaka ugiye gukora. Aya mabwiriza ashobora kuba arimo ibintu nk'ibi:

• Irinde ibiryo, ibinyobwa, n'imiti irimo kafeyine (nk'ikawa n'icyayi) mu gihe urimo gupimwa stress na angiograms z'imitsi y'umutima.
• Mu gihe ugiye gupima umutima (CT)` no gupima umutima (MRI), siga imitako yawe mu rugo.
• Mu gihe ugiye gupimwa umutima (MRI), kuramo ibintu byose by'icyuma nk'ibikoresho byo kumva (niba bihari), indorerwamo, n'udupira tw'imisatsi.
• Ambara imyenda imeze neza idafite ibice by'icyuma.

Nanone, ugomba kubwira abaganga bawe ibi bintu:

• Ku bijyanye n'izindi ndwara zose ufite.
• Hafi ya buri muti ufata (waba wanditswe na muganga, waguzwe muri farumasi, inyongeramusaruro, cyangwa ndetse n'imiti niba uyikoresha).
• Niba ufite ibikoresho byo kwa muganga byashyizwe mu mubiri wawe, nk'ibikoresho bifasha mu guhagarara kw'umutima, valves za mechanical, pins, cyangwa rods.
• Niba ufite ibice by'icyuma mu mubiri wawe, nibyo gusa.
• Ni ukuvuga niba utwite.

Aya makuru ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo muganga akore ikizamini mu mutekano.

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibi bizamini?

Akenshi, ibi bizamini by’umutima biba bifite umutekano . Ntabwo bitera indwara cyangwa ngo bitera indwara nyinshi. Ariko, ni gake cyane, hari abantu bashobora kugira ubwivumbure ku marangi akoreshwa muri bimwe mu bizamini. Ariko, ibi ni gake cyane.

Wibuke ko ibi bizamini byose bifotora umutima wawe, imiyoboro y'amaraso, n'ibindi biwukikije, urebe uburyo amaraso atembera mu mutima wawe, kandi ubone ishusho isobanutse y'ubuzima bw'umutima wawe.

Amaherezo, ikintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi

Gupima umutima ni igikoresho cy'agaciro gifasha abaganga gusobanukirwa imiterere y'umutima wawe no kugufasha gucunga uburwayi bwawe. Niba muganga wawe akugiriye inama yo gupima, ntutinye kubabaza impamvu n'icyo wakwitega. Kwita ku mutima wawe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi.

Ishusho y'umutima , Echocardiogram, CT Scan, MRI, Angiogram, Indwara z'umutima, Ibizamini by'umutima