Ese amaraso yawe atembera neza mu maguru yawe? (Ankle-Brachial Index - ABI) Reka tubirebe hamwe n'ikizamini!

Ese hari igihe wumva amaguru yawe ababara iyo ugenda? Cyangwa wumva amaguru yawe arimo gucika intege nyuma yo kugenda intera ndende? Impamvu imwe ishobora kuba ari ukufunga imitsi itanga amaraso mu maguru yawe. Ikizamini cyoroshye kandi kidababaza cyo kumenya niba ufite bene ibyo bibazo ni ikizamini cya Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Reka tubiganireho birambuye uyu munsi.

Igipimo cy'ikirenge n'umugongo (ABI) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, iki gipimo cya ABI ni ikizamini cyoroshye gipima umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kaguru no ku kuboko ko hejuru. Gisuzuma cyane cyane niba imiyoboro minini y'amaraso mu maguru yawe, imiyoboro y'amaraso, yarazibye cyangwa yagabanutse amaraso bitewe n'ibinure byinshi (nk'umwanda ufunga umuyoboro w'amazi). Abaganga babyita "Indwara y'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere" cyangwa PAD. Mu rurimi rwa Sinhala, bivuze indwara y'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere.

Iyi ndwara ya PAD ishobora gutuma amaguru adahabwa ogisijeni n'intungamubiri bihagije. Ni bwo ibimenyetso navuze mbere, nko kubabara amaguru no kugira ibinya mu gihe agenda, bigaragara. Bityo ikizamini cya ABI gishobora kumenya niba ufite PAD, kandi niba ari yo, ingano yayo.

Ni ryari nkwiye gukora iki kizamini cya ABI?

Si buri wese ukeneye gukora iki kizamini, ariko muganga ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora ikizamini cya ABI niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Kubabara amaguru: Iyo ugize ububabare, kunanuka, cyangwa ukumva ufite intege nke mu maguru yawe (amatako, inyana), cyane cyane iyo ugenda cyangwa ukoze imyitozo ngororamubiri, kandi bigashira nyuma yo kwicara akanya gato ukaruhuka.
• Niba ufite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga: Ibyago byo kurwara PAD byiyongera uko umuntu agenda akura.
• Niba ufite imyaka iri hagati ya 50 na 64 kandi ufite ibindi bintu bishobora gutera ibyago:
• Niba ufite `(Diabete)`.
• Niba ufite ``(Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije)``.
• Niba ufite cholesterol nyinshi mu maraso yawe.
• Niba unywa itabi (nk'itabi, beedis).
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe (mama, papa, abavandimwe) wigeze kugira ikibazo cya PAD mbere.
• Nubwo waba uri munsi y'imyaka 50, urwaye diyabete n'ikindi kintu kimwe gishobora gutera indwara (mu byavuzwe haruguru).

Tekereza, iki kizamini cya ABI gishobora kumenya PAD mbere yuko irushaho kuba mbi. Hanyuma, ubuvuzi bushobora gutangira vuba kandi buzafasha cyane mu gukumira indwara nka "Critical limb ischemia" na "Amputation", zishobora kwangiza amaguru cyane, rimwe na rimwe kugeza aho zicibwa.

Iki kizamini cya ABI gikorwa gite?

Ibi biroroshye cyane. Ni nko gupimwa umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe iyo usanzwe ugiye kwa muganga. Ariko kuri iyi nshuro , bapima umuvuduko w'amaraso mu maboko yawe, ku kaguru, no ku maguru yose ane.

Iki kizamini gikunze gukorwa n'umuforomo.

1. Ubwa mbere, agakoresho ko gupfuka umuvuduko w'amaraso gashyirwa ku kuboko kwawe ko hejuru, kagashyirwa gato, hanyuma umuvuduko w'amaraso ugapimwa uko ubyimba kandi ugasohora umwuka.

2. Hanyuma pima ukundi kuboko muri ubwo buryo.

3. Hanyuma, agapira gashyirwa ku kaguru kamwe hanyuma umuvuduko w'amaraso ugapimirwa aho ngaho.

4. Pima ukuguru ukundi muri ubwo buryo.

Mu gupima umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe, umuganga wawe akoresha imashini ntoya ya ultrasound (yitwa kandi Doppler ikoreshwa mu ntoki). Iyi mashini yumva urusaku rw'amaraso atembera mu mitsi yawe ya brachial, dorsalis pedis artery, cyangwa posterior tibial artery. Igipimo cy'umuvuduko gisoma urusaku iyo rwumvikanye.

Igikuru ni uko iki ari ikizamini "kitarimo kwibasira". Ibyo bivuze ko nta nshinge cyangwa udusebe ku ruhu. Rero nta kintu cyo gutinya. Biroroshye cyane.

Ni gute nakwitegura mbere y'ikizamini cya ABI?

Kugira ngo ikizamini kikorohere kandi kibone ibisubizo nyabyo, ugomba gukora ibintu bike:

• Ntukanywe ikintu cyose kirimo kafeyine (ikawa, icyayi, ibinyobwa bidasembuye) ku munsi wo gupimwa.
• Irinde kunywa itabi (itabi, beedis) no kunywa inzoga mu gihe cy'isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri mbere yo gupimwa.
• Ntugakore imyitozo ngororamubiri isaha imwe mbere yo gukora ikizamini. Nanone, gabanya kugenda kwawe.
• Ambara imyenda ijyanye n'igihe kandi idafite ishingiro igufasha gushyira ku ruhande hejuru y'amaboko n'utuguru byoroshye.
• Mbere yo kujya kwipimisha, banza uvanemo inkari neza hanyuma usukemo amazi mu ruhago rwawe. Ibi bizagufasha kumva umerewe neza mu gihe cyo kwipimisha.

Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi: Niba wigeze kubagwa kugira ngo amaraso atembera neza mu maguru yawe (nk'imitsi y'amaraso), ugomba kubibwira umuntu urimo gupima, kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ikizamini gikorwa.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe cy'ikizamini?

Iyo ugiye mu cyumba cyo gupimisha, uzasabwa kuryama ukaruhuka iminota 10 kugeza kuri 30 mbere yuko ikizamini gitangira. Ibi ni ukugira ngo umubiri wawe utuze kandi umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe uhore uhagaze. Uzakenera kuryama amaboko n'amaguru yawe agororotse mu gihe cyose cyo gupimisha. Hari igihe imisego mito izashyirwa munsi y'amaboko n'utuguru, ikazamuka ikagera ku rugero rw'umutima wawe. Ibi bizatuma umenya neza umuvuduko w'amaraso.

Hanyuma, nk'uko nabivuze mbere, umukozi w'ubuvuzi:

1. Umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe uzapimwa mu kuboko kumwe.

2. Hanyuma, umuvuduko w'amaraso upimirwa mu kaguru k'ukuguru ku ruhande rumwe n'urwo kuboko.

3. Hanyuma, umuvuduko w'amaraso upimwa mu kaguru k'ukundi kuguru.

4. Amaherezo, umuvuduko w'amaraso upimwa mu kuboko kundi.

Hari igihe, niba ushaka kumenya neza igipimo, ushobora gupima iki gipimo inshuro zirenze imwe. Umuganga wawe azakubwira ibi. Igikorwa cyose cyo gupima umuvuduko w'amaraso gikunze gufata igihe gito cyane, iminota 10 kugeza kuri 20. Nguko uko, ikizamini kirarangiye!

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'iki kizamini?

Ikizamini cya ABI ni ikizamini cyizewe cyane. Muri rusange nta ngaruka cyangwa ingaruka mbi bitera.

Ariko, niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bibazo, menya neza ko wabibwiye muganga wawe mbere y'igihe:

• Niba ufite ibikomere cyangwa ibisebe bitarakira ku maguru yawe: Si byiza gushyira agapira ku gice nk'icyo, bityo abakozi bo kwa muganga bazirinda icyo gice cyangwa bagakoresha ubundi buryo.
• Niba uherutse kubagwa imitsi y'amaraso mu kaguru kawe: Gufata imitsi nk'iyo bishobora guteza akaga kandi bishobora gutera amaraso kuzura.

Iyo ibyo bivuzwe, itsinda ry’abaganga rifata ingamba zikenewe.

Bigenda bite nyuma y'ikizamini?

Ushobora gukomeza imirimo yawe isanzwe ikimara gukorwa. Nta kiruhuko gikenewe. Hari igihe abakozi b'abaganga bakoze ikizamini bashobora kuguha ibitekerezo ku bisubizo. Bitabaye ibyo, uzakenera guhura na muganga wagutegetse ikizamini kugira ngo muganire ku bisubizo.

Ni gute iki giciro cya ABI kibarwa?

Noneho reka turebe uko twabara iki giciro cya ABI. Ibi bishobora gusa nkaho ari imibare, ariko mu by'ukuri biroroshye cyane.

Mu magambo make, igipimo cy’umuvuduko w’amaraso mu kaguru kawe (systolic - umubare munini w’igipimo cy’umuvuduko w’amaraso) kigabanyijwe n’igipimo cy’umuvuduko w’amaraso mu maboko yawe yombi. Ibyo ni byo ABI ivuga.

Urugero, tekereza kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kaguru k'ibumoso ni 105/65 mmHg, naho mu kaguru k'iburyo ni 100/60 mmHg.
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso mu kuboko kwawe kw'ibumoso ni 130/85 mmHg, naho mu kuboko kwawe kw'iburyo ni 125/80 mmHg.

Noneho kugira ngo tubone agaciro ka ABI, dufata umubare munini (`(systolic)`) wakuwe kuri buri hantu.

• Agaciro ka ``(systolic)`` gakomeye cyane uhereye ku kaguru: 105 mmHg
• Agaciro ka `(systolic)` gakomeye cyane uvuye mu maboko: 130 mmHg

Noneho tugomba kugabanya agaciro k'ikirenge (105) n'agaciro k'ikiganza (130).

105 ÷ 130 = 0.807 (hafi 0.8)

Rero, muri uru rugero, agaciro ka ABI ni 0.8.

Ibi bisubizo bivuga iki?

Agaciro ka ABI ubona gatanga igitekerezo cy'uko imitsi y'amaraso mu maguru yawe imeze.

• Kuva kuri 1.0 kugeza kuri 1.3: Iki ni igipimo gisanzwe . Bisobanura ko amaguru yawe afite amaraso atembera neza.
• Kuva kuri 0.9 kugeza kuri 1.0: Iki ni igipimo ntarengwa . Bivuze ko PAD iri hafi gutera imbere. Guhindura imibereho bishobora kuba inama.
• 0.7 kugeza 0.9: Iyi ni indwara ya PAD yoroheje .
• 0.4 kugeza 0.7: Iyi ni PAD iri hagati .
• Iyo iri munsi ya 0.4: Iyi ni PAD ikomeye . Muri iki gihe, hashobora kubaho ibimenyetso byinshi.

Niba agaciro ka ABI ari 0.9 cyangwa munsi yayo, bivuze ko ufite PAD.

Hari igihe agaciro ka ABIIshobora kuba iri hejuru ya 1.4. Niba ari uko bimeze, bivuze ko imitsi yawe y'amaraso (imitsi) yahindutse ikomeye gato, "calcified" (nk'amabuye). Ibi bishobora kubaho uko ugenda ukura, ku bantu barwaye ``diyabete`` (diyabete), cyangwa ku bantu barwaye impyiko. Iyo imitsi ikomeye gutya, biragoye kumenya neza niba ufite PAD mu ikizamini cya ABI. Niba ari uko bimeze, muganga wawe azagutegeka ibindi bipimo (urugero, ikizamini cya ``Toe-Brachial Index - TBI)`` - gipima umuvuduko w'amaraso mu ino rinini).

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bafite ABI iri hejuru ya 1.4 bafite ibyago byinshi byo gupfa bazize indwara z'umutima n'imitsi. Rero, byaba ari bike cyangwa byinshi, niba biri hejuru y'urugero rusanzwe, ni ngombwa kubivuganaho na muganga wawe.

Ni ryari ngomba guhamagara muganga wanjye?

Niba utabonye ibisubizo byawe nyuma gato y'ikizamini cya ABI, menya neza ko ubimenyesheje muganga wawe.

Bitewe n'ibisubizo bya ABI, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukomeza gupima, kuvurwa, cyangwa guhindura imibereho yawe (nk'imirire, imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kureka kunywa itabi).

Niba ABI yawe iri hanze y’urugero rusanzwe, muganga wawe ashobora gusaba ko usubiramo ibizamini bya ABI rimwe na rimwe kugira ngo arebe niba PAD yawe irimo kumera nabi cyangwa niba irimo koroherwa no kuvurwa.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Noneho rero uzi ko iki kizamini cya ABI ari ikizamini cyoroshye cyane, kidatera ububabare, kandi cy'ingenzi cyane. Kishobora kukwereka hakiri kare uko imitsi y'amaraso mu maguru yawe imeze, cyane cyane niba ufite indwara yitwa PAD.

Nta mpamvu yo gutinya. Nta nshinge, nta gukomereka, nta n'ikinya. Niba muganga wawe akubwiye gukora iki kizamini, gikora nta kabuza. Bizafasha cyane ubuzima bwawe. Iyo habonetse indwara, ubuvuzi bukenewe bushobora gutangira vuba.

Niba ufite ikindi kibazo kuri ibi, ntugire isoni ubaze muganga wawe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

ABI , Igipimo cy'imitsi yo mu kaguru n'ubwonko, PAD, Indwara y'imitsi yo mu ruhande rw'imbere, Ububabare bw'amaguru, Umuvuduko w'amaraso, Gupima imitsi