Ese uhangayikishijwe n'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe? Noneho ugomba kumenya ibijyanye na NIPT (Gupima mbere yo kubyara bitari mu buryo butunguranye)!

Kubera ko ubu uteganya kuba umubyeyi, ugomba kuba utekereza cyane ku buzima bwawe n'ubw'umwana wawe uri mu nda yawe, sibyo? Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga ku isuzuma ryihariye rishobora gukorwa mu gihe utwite. Iki gikorwa cyitwa NIPT (Gupima mbere yo kubyara). Ibi bigufasha kumenya amakuru y'ingenzi ku buzima bw'umwana wawe nta ngaruka mbi kuri wowe cyangwa ku mwana.

Ni iki gipimo cya NIPT (Gupima mbere yo kubyara bitari mu buryo butunguranye)?

Muri make, NIPT ni ikizamini gikorwa mu gihe utwite kugira ngo harebwe niba umwana wawe ukiri mu nda afite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bya chromosomes . Urugero, isuzuma ibyago byo kurwara indwara nka Down syndrome ( Trisomy 21) , Trisomy 18 ( syndrome ya Edwards) , na Trisomy 13 (syndrome ya Patau) . Ishobora kandi kukubwira igitsina cy'umwana wawe.

Ibi bikorwa hakoreshejwe icyitegererezo cy'amaraso cyakuwe muri wowe. Ntugatangare, amaraso yawe arimo ingano nto cyane ya ADN y'umwana wawe (Aside Deoxyribonucleic) . ADN ni cyo gene na chromosomes zacu bikozwemo. Ni nk'igishushanyo mbonera cy'umubiri wacu. Rero ni mu gupima ibi bice bya ADN abaganga bashobora kubona amakuru y'uturemangingo tw'umwana. Iki cyitegererezo cy'amaraso cyoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo gipimwe. Ariko ibuka ko NIPT idashobora kumenya buri chromosome cyangwa imiterere ya gene.

Iki kizamini cya NIPT cyitwa andi mazina. Hari abacyita gusuzuma ADN idafite selile cyangwa cfDNA . Hari n'abacyita gusuzuma mbere yo kubyara cyangwa NIPS . Ntugatinye niwumva aya mazina, yose ni amwe.

Ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ko iki ari ikizamini cyo gusuzuma , atari ikizamini cyo gusuzuma . Ibi bivuze ko kikubwira gusa uburyo umwana wawe ashobora kugira cyangwa adashoboka ko agira ikibazo. Ntigishobora kwemeza neza ko 'Yego, umwana wawe afite iki kibazo' cyangwa 'Oya, umwana wawe ntafite iki kibazo.'

Guhitamo kwipimisha NIPT cyangwa kutaguhitamo ni icyemezo cyawe rwose. Muganga wawe azaguha amakuru kuri ibi kandi agufashe gufata icyemezo cyiza kuri wewe.

Ni iki mu by'ukuri ikizamini cya NIPT gishaka?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, NIPT ntishobora kubona indwara zose za chromosome cyangwa indwara zo kuvuka. Kenshi na kenshi, ibipimo bya NIPT bireba:

• Indwara ya Down syndrome (Trisomie 21)
• Trisomie 18
• Trisomie 13
• Ibintu bidasanzwe bifitanye isano na chromosomes z'igitsina (X na Y)

Down syndrome, trisomiya 18, na trisomiya 13 biterwa na chromosome yinyongera. Gupima chromosome y'igitsina bishobora kumenya igitsina cy'umwana ndetse bigashobora no kugenzura impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu mubare usanzwe wa chromosomes y'igitsina. Indwara zisanzwe za chromosome y'igitsina zirimo Turner syndrome , Klinefelter syndrome , Triple X syndrome, na XYY syndrome . Ariko, ibuka ko atari ko ibizamini byose bya NIPT bibona izi ndwara zose. Ni ngombwa rero kuvugana na muganga wawe ku cyo ikizamini cyawe cya NIPT kizareba.

Kuki iki kizamini cya NIPT gikorwa? Ni nde gikwiriye gukoreshwa?

NIPT ifasha kumenya ibyago byo kuvuka umwana afite ikibazo cy’uturemangingo tw’amaraso. Abaganga bashobora kukugira inama yo gukoresha iki kizamini mu bihe bikurikira:

• Niba usanzwe ufite umwana ufite ikibazo cy’uturemangingo tw’amaraso.
• Niba warakorewe isuzuma rya ultrasound, wagaragaje ko umwana ashobora kuba afite ikibazo runaka.
• Niba warigeze gupimwa mbere byagaragaje ko hashobora kuba hari ikibazo.

Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika ry’Abaganga b’Ababyeyi n’Abagore (ACOG) ryasabaga NIPT gusa iyo utwite ufite ibyago byinshi . Ibyo bivuze ko wenda niba ufite imyaka irenga 35, cyangwa niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wagize imwe muri izi ndwara. Ariko ubu bavuga ko abagore bose batwite, hatitawe ku ngaruka, bagomba kumenyeshwa NIPT kandi bagahabwa amahirwe yo kuyifata.

Bitewe n'ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya NIPT, umuganga w'ababyaza ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima . Nkuko twabivuze mbere, ikizamini cyo gupima kikwereka gusa amahirwe. Ikizamini cyo gupima ni cyo gishobora gutanga igisubizo cya 'yego' cyangwa 'oya' ku bijyanye n'uko umwana wawe afite ikibazo.

Ni ryari ikizamini cya NIPT kigomba gukorwa mu gihe utwite?

Ikizamini cya NIPT gikunze gukorwa nyuma y'ibyumweru 10 byo gutwita, ariko gishobora gukorwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kugeza igihe umwana avukiye . Akenshi, ntigikorwa mbere y'ibyumweru 10. Ibi biterwa nuko hashobora kuba nta ADN ihagije mu maraso ya nyina mbere y'icyo gihe kugira ngo ikizamini gikorwe neza.

Ibizamini bya NIPT ni byiza gute?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza. Ubunyangamugayo bw'ikizaminiBiterwa n'indwara irimo gupimwa. Nanone, ibintu nko kuba utwite impanga, niba utwite undi muntu (gutwita umwana utari uwawe), cyangwa niba ufite umubyibuho ukabije bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo bya NIPT.

Muri rusange NIPT ifite ukuri ku kigero cya 99% mu gupima Down syndrome. Ishobora kuba idahuje n'ukuri gato mu gupima trisomies 18 na 13. Muri rusange, NIPT ifite ibimenyetso bike by'ibinyoma ugereranyije n'ibindi bipimo byo gupima mbere yo kubyara, nka quad screen. Ibi bivuze ko ikizamini gishobora gutanga ibimenyetso by'ibinyoma mu gihe umwana atagize ikibazo.

Ese ikizamini cya NIPT gishobora kumenya igitsina cy'umwana?

Yego, ikizamini cya NIPT gishobora kumenya igitsina cy'umwana uri mu nda. Ababyeyi benshi bashishikajwe no kubimenya, si byo se?

Ese ni ngombwa kwipimisha NIPT mu gihe utwite?

Oya, ibi si itegeko. Iki ni icyemezo cy'umuntu ku giti cye. Ni ibisanzwe kugira ibibazo kuri ibi. Muganga wawe azakubwira byose ku bundi buryo bwo gupima mbere yo kubyara, harimo na NIPT. Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku cyemezo cyo gufata NIPT. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo gufata icyemezo, cyangwa niba wifuza kuganira kuri iki gikorwa mu buryo burambuye, umujyanama mu by'imiterere y'umubiri ashobora kugusobanurira ubu buryo bwo gupima mbere yo kubyara no kugufasha guhitamo ikikubereye.

Abaganga bakora iki kizamini cya NIPT bate?

Ibi biroroshye cyane. Icyo muganga wawe akora ni ugufata amaraso mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe . Aya maraso yoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo arebe niba nta kibazo kiri muri ADN y'umwana.

Twese dufite ADN mu turemangingo twacu. Utu turemangingo duhora twigabanyamo ibice tugakora uturemangingo dushya. Iyo uturemangingo twangiritse, uduce duto twa ADN (uduce twa ADN) tugera mu maraso yacu. Iyo utwite, ADN y'umwana wawe irazenguruka mu maraso yawe. Ibi byitwa ADN idafite uturemangingo, cyangwa cfDNA . Ikizamini cya NIPT gishakisha uduce twa ADN y'umwana wawe mu maraso yawe.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko bifata ibyumweru bigera ku 10 kugira ngo ADN y'umwana ihagije yinjire mu maraso yawe. Niyo mpamvu iki kizamini kidakorwa kugeza ku byumweru 10 utwite.

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ikizamini cya NIPT?

Ibipimo bya NIPT ni byiza cyane. Nta ngaruka bigira ku mwana. Kuko bisaba gusa gufata amaraso make yavuye ku mubyeyi utwite. Rero nta kintu na kimwe cyo guhangayikishwa na cyo.

Ni ryari nzakira ibisubizo by'ibizamini byanjye?

Hari igihe bishobora gufata ibyumweru bibiri kugira ngo umuntu abone ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya NIPT.Urashobora kugenda. Ariko hari igihe ubona ibisubizo mbere y'igihe. Muganga wawe ni we ubanza kubona ibisubizo. Hanyuma azakubwira ibyo bisubizo.

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya NIPT bivuga iki?

Kubera ko NIPT ari ikizamini cyo gusuzuma, ntabwo gitanga igisubizo cya 'yego' cyangwa 'oya' ku bijyanye no kumenya niba umwana wawe afite ikibazo. Ibisubizo bigaragaza niba umwana wawe afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iki kibazo cyangwa bigabanuka . Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugorana kubyumva. Niba rero utabizi neza, saba muganga wawe ibisobanuro.

Laboratwari nyinshi zitanga ibisubizo bitandukanye kuri buri ndwara bapimye. Urugero, ushobora kubona ibisubizo byiza (byatewe n'ingaruka nyinshi) kuri Trisomy 13, ariko ibisubizo bibi (byatewe n'ingaruka nke) kuri Down syndrome.

Nanone, rimwe na rimwe hashobora kutagira ibisubizo kuko nta ADN y'umwana ihagije mu maraso yawe, cyangwa ADN y'umwana ntishobora kumenyekana neza. Muri icyo gihe, ushobora kongera gupimwa NIPT. Muri ibyo bihe, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha ubuyobozi bwiza.

Bite ho niba ibisubizo ari byiza/byagize ingaruka zikomeye?

Niba ikizamini cya NIPT cyerekanye ko umwana wawe afite ibyago byo kugira ikibazo cy’uturemangingo tw’amaraso mu maraso, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima . Ibi bizamini bishobora kwemeza ko 'yego' cyangwa 'oya' byaba ari ikibazo. Ibi bizamini birimo:

• Amniocentesis: Ibi bikubiyemo gukuramo amazi make ya amniotic mu mura wawe. Iki kizamini gishobora gukorwa nyuma y'ibyumweru 15 utwite.
• Gupima Viliyonike (CVS): Iki kizamini gifata icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo two mu nyababyeyi. Iki cyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo cyoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo gipimwe. Ibi bishobora gukorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 10 na 13 by'inda.

Ni ingenzi cyane kuganira na muganga wawe neza ku bisubizo bya NIPT yawe no kubona amakuru yose ukeneye ku cyo wakora nyuma yaho.

Ese ikizamini cya NIPT gishobora kuba atari cyo kuri Down syndrome?

Kubera ko NIPT ari ikizamini cyo gusuzuma, ntabwo ari ukuri 100%. Niyo mpamvu tuvuga ko bigaragaza ibyago gusa. Rero ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku bisubizo byawe n'amahitamo yawe ataha.

Ese birakwiye gukora ikizamini cya NIPT?

Ni wowe ugomba gufata icyemezo cyo gupima umwana utwite nka NIPT cyangwa ikindi gipimo cy’uturemangingo. Muganga wawe ashobora gusubiza ibibazo byose ushobora kuba ufite. Ariko amaherezo, ni wowe ugomba gufata icyemezo cy’uko ikibazo cy’uturemangingo cyangwa chromosomes kizagira ingaruka kuri wewe no ku muryango wawe, hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe yihariye.

Ibi bibazo bizagufasha gufata icyemezo:

• Nzumva meze nte niba igisubizo cy’isuzuma cyagaragaje ko mfite ubwandu?
• Ese nakwishimira gukorerwa ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara nka amniocentesis cyangwa CVS?
• Ese iyo nsanga umwana wanjye afite ikibazo cy’uturemangingo, cyangwa afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara y’uturemangingo, hari icyo nahindura?
• Ese kumenya aya makuru bizantera agahinda cyangwa guhangayika, cyangwa bizamfasha kwitegura kwita ku mwana?
• Ese kumenya aya makuru bizafasha abaganga banjye kwita ku mwana wanjye neza?

Ikizamini cya NIPT gitwara angahe?

Ikiguzi cyo gupima NIPT gishobora gutandukana. Inyungu nyinshi z'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima zishyura igice kinini cy'ikiguzi (cyangwa ndetse cyose). Zimwe zishyura nibura igice kimwe cyazo. Rero ni byiza kubaza ikigo cy'ubwishingizi mbere yo gukora ikizamini. Niba udafite ubwishingizi, cyangwa ubwishingizi bwawe budatanga ikizamini cya NIPT, ushobora kucyishyura ubwawe.

Ese NIPT ishobora gukorwa ku byumweru 14?

Yego, NIPT ishobora gukorwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose nyuma y'ibyumweru 10 byo gutwita. Ibyo bivuze ko nta kibazo kirimo ndetse no mu byumweru 14.

Ni iki nabaza muganga wanjye ku bijyanye n'ikizamini cya NIPT?

Gukora ikizamini nka NIPT ni umwanzuro w'umuntu ku giti cye. Ushobora kuba ufite ibibazo ku bijyanye n'icyo ibisubizo byawe bivuze, cyangwa niba ugomba gukora ikizamini cya NIPT. Ntutinye kubaza ibibazo. Wibuke ko ari wowe wenyine ushobora guhitamo ikikubereye wowe n'umuryango wawe.

Dore ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ushobora kubaza muganga wawe:

• Iyo uza kuba njye, wakora ikizamini cya NIPT?
• Niba ikizamini cyanjye cyagaragaje ko ari icyanjye, ni izihe ntambwe zikurikiraho?
• Ese hari umujyanama mu by’imiterere y’umubiri (genetic consultant) ushobora kuvuga ku mahitamo yanjye?
• Ni ibihe bitera ibyago byo kuba hari ibimenyetso bitari byo?

Jyana ubutumwa mu rugo

Yego, ikizamini cya NIPT ni uburyo bwizewe cyane bwo gupima umwana utwite busuzuma ibyago byo kurwara indwara za chromosomes ku mwana uri mu nda. Iki kizamini gishobora kandi gutanga amakuru ku gitsina cy'umwana. Ikizamini cya NIPT ntigisuzuma indwara - kigaragaza gusa ko umwana ashobora kugira ikibazo runaka. Nyuma yo kubona ibisubizo bya NIPT, gupima indwara bishobora gusabwa. Gupima umwana utwite nka NIPT si itegeko, kandi kumenya niba agomba kubikora cyangwa atabikora ni wowe bireba.Vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa umujyanama mu by’uturemangingo ku bibazo byawe. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa neza icyo ikizamini gishaka n’icyo ibisubizo bivuze, no gufata icyemezo gishingiye ku makuru. Ndakwifurije ibyiza byose wowe n’umwana wawe!

NIPT , Gupima mbere yo kubyara bitari mu kaga, gupima mbere yo kubyara, Down syndrome, ubusembwa bwa chromosomes, gutwita, cfDNA, ubuzima bw'umwana