Ese wigeze ufatwa X-ray? Reka tubirebe!

Twese twumvise ibya X-rays. Wenda nawe byarabaye ngombwa ko uyifata. Ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma niba umwana yavunitse ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru nyuma yo kugwa, cyangwa iyo ugiye kwa muganga w'amenyo, cyangwa kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu y'indwara zimwe na zimwe. None se, ibi ni iki mu by'ukuri, bikora bite, kandi bishobora kuvura iki? Reka tubiganireho uyu munsi.

Imirasire ya X-ray ni iki?

Mu magambo make, X-ray ni ubwoko bwihariye bw'imirasire ikoreshwa mu gufata amafoto y'ibintu biri mu mibiri yacu. Ni nko gufata ifoto ukoresheje kamera, ariko iyi ifata ifoto y'imbere mu mibiri yacu. Akenshi, iyo dutekereje kuri X-ray, dutekereza ku kintu cyakozwe kugira ngo tubone amagufwa yavunitse cyangwa ibibazo by'amenyo yacu. Ariko, aya mashusho ya X-ray afasha abaganga gusuzuma imvune nyinshi zitandukanye, indwara, n'izindi ndwara.

Iyo tuvuze 'X-ray', tuba dushaka kuvuga 'radiografi isanzwe' ifata ifoto imwe gusa. Ariko, hari ibindi bizamini byinshi bikoresha imirasire ya X-ray. Urugero, muri scan ya CT, iyi mirasire ya X-ray ikoreshwa mu gufata amafoto menshi, hanyuma agahuzwa na mudasobwa kugira ngo hakorwe ishusho y'ibice bitatu (3D). Ariko, uyu munsi turimo kuvuga cyane cyane kuri iyo mirasire ya X-ray isanzwe, ifite ishusho imwe.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa X-ray bukorwa hakoreshejwe 'ibikoresho bitandukanya'?

Imirasire ya X-ray imwe n'imwe ikoresha ikintu cyitwa 'ibintu bitandukanya'. Hari abantu bayita 'ibintu bitandukanya' cyangwa 'irangi'. Ibi bifasha ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu mibiri yacu, nk'imitsi y'amaraso, kugaragara neza ku ishusho ya X-ray. Wibuke ko hari igihe ibintu biri mu mibiri yacu bishobora kuba byoroshye cyane ku buryo X-ray itabasha kubibona, kandi ni bwo 'ibintu bitandukanya' biba ingirakamaro.

Iyi 'contrast material' ishobora kuza ari amazi, capsule, cyangwa ikinini. Muganga wawe azaguha ibi mbere yo gupimwa na X-ray. Bitewe n'ubwoko bwa X-ray iri gukorwa, ushobora guhabwa iyi 'contrast material' muri bumwe muri ubu buryo bukurikira:

• Nywa mu kanwa.
• Guterwa mu mitsi (IV) cyangwa guterwa mu mazi yo mu bwonko.
• Ubishyize mu gifu cyawe (enema).

Ni ryari dukeneye gupimwa X-ray?

Muganga wawe ashobora gutumiza X-ray kubera izi mpamvu:

• Reba niba igufwa ryavunitse (kwangirika): Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikunze kugaragara. Ndetse no kugwa gato bishobora kuvunika ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru.
• Shaka impamvu y'ibimenyetso byawe, nko kubabara no kubyimba: Hari igihe, X-ray ishobora gufasha kubona impamvu nyamukuru y'ububabare itarasobanuka neza.
• Suzuma niba hari ubwandu bw'ibihaha:Indwara yo mu gituza ifatwa X-ray ku bintu nk'inkorora idashira cyangwa guhumeka nabi.
• Reba ibintu by’amahanga: Ibi ni ingirakamaro mu gihe abana bato bashobora kumira ibintu bito ku bushake, nk'ibikinisho bito.
• Reba ibibazo by'imiterere y'umubiri mu magufwa, ingingo, cyangwa ingingo zoroshye.
• Teganya uburyo bwo kuvura urebe uburyo bugenda neza: Urugero, reba uko indwara imeze mbere na nyuma yo kubagwa.

Ni iki gishushanyo cya X-ray kigaragaza?

Amashusho ya X-ray ashobora kugaragaza ibintu nk'ibi:

• Kubyimba ingingo nko kurwara rubagimpande.
• Amagufwa yavunitse.
• Impinduka mu magufwa cyangwa ibitagenda neza.
• Niba ufite imfu mu mugongo wawe.
• Indwara zandurira mu maraso, urugero nk'umusonga.
• Amabuye yo mu mpyiko.
• Scoliosis n'izindi ndwara zo mu mugongo.
• Umwobo w'amenyo.
• Amoko amwe n'amwe y'ibibyimba.

Ariko ni ngombwa kwibuka ibi kandi. Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugaragara kuri X-ray, ariko si buri gihe. Ni ukuvuga ko nubwo haba hari amabuye cyangwa ibibyimba mu mpyiko, bishobora kutagaragara kuri X-ray. Niyo mpamvu abaganga rimwe na rimwe basaba ko habaho ibindi bipimo (urugero: CT scan, MRI).

Ese X-ray ishobora kugaragaza kanseri?

Imirasire ya X-ray rimwe na rimwe ishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Ariko, si bwo buryo bw'ibanze abaganga bakoresha kugira ngo bamenye ubwoko bwinshi bwa kanseri cyangwa bemeze ko ari kanseri. Ibi biterwa nuko ibibyimba mu ngingo zacu bishobora kuba bito cyane, cyangwa bishobora guhishwa n'ibintu nk'imbavu ku gituza cya X-ray, cyangwa bishobora kuvangwa n'ingingo zisanzwe ntizigaragare neza. Rero iyo hakekwa kanseri, abaganga bakunze gukora ibindi bizamini, nko gupimwa.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa X-rays buriho?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa X-rays bukoreshwa mu gufata amashusho y'ibice bitandukanye by'umubiri wacu. Bumwe mu bwoko bukunze gukoreshwa cyane ni:

• X-ray yo mu nda: Ibi bifasha abaganga kubona ibice by'igogora ryacu no kumenya ibintu nk'amabuye y'impyiko n'amabuye y'uruhago. Tekereza niba waragize ububabare mu nda, ushobora gusabwa gufata X-ray nk'iyi.
• X-ray y'amagufwa: Ibi bishobora gukorwa niba muganga wawe akeka ko ufite igufwa ryavunitse, ingingo yacitse, cyangwa indwara nka rubagimpande. Ishobora kandi gusuzuma kanseri y'amagufwa cyangwa ubwandu.
• X-ray yo mu gituza: Muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka ibi niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kubabara mu gituza, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa inkorora. Ibi ni ingenzi mu kumenya ibintu nk'umusonga n'igituntu.
• X-ray y'amenyo: Umuganga w'amenyo akunze gufata iyi X-ray kugira ngo arebe niba hari ibibazo biri mu menyo yawe n'ishinya.
• X-ray yo mu mutwe: Ibi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma niba hari imvune zo mu mutwe zatewe n'igikomere cyo mu mutwe, cyangwa indwara nka craniosynostosis zigira ingaruka ku buryo amagufwa y'agahanga amera.
• X-ray yo mu mugongo: Muganga ashobora kuyikoresha kugira ngo arebe niba hari imvune z'umugongo, amagufwa yacitse, n'ibindi bibazo by'umugongo.

Uretse izi X-ray zisanzwe, hari ubundi buryo bwo gufata amashusho mu buvuzi bukoresha X-ray nyinshi kandi bugatunganywa na mudasobwa kugira ngo hakorwe amashusho arambuye. Ingero zirimo:

• Isuzuma ry'ubucucike bw'amagufwa (DXA).
• CT scan (CT scan - tomography ya mudasobwa).
• Isuzuma rya fluoroscopy.
• Mammogramu.

Ni gute X-ray ikora?

Imirasire ya X ikora mu kohereza imirasire mu mibiri yacu no gukora ishusho ku cyuma gipima imirasire ya X kiri hafi aho. Ntidushobora kubona cyangwa kumva iyo mirasire.

Uko iyo mirasire inyura mu mubiri, amagufwa, ingingo zoroshye, n'ibindi bintu bikura imirasire mu buryo butandukanye. Ibintu birebire, nk'amagufwa, bikura imirasire neza, bityo bigasa n'umweru wera ku ishusho. Ku rundi ruhande, ingingo zoroshye, nk'ingingo n'ibihaha, ntizikura imirasire, bityo zigaragara mu mabara atandukanye y'imvi kuri X-ray. Uduce dufite umwuka (nk'ibihaha) tugaragara nk'umukara.

Umuganga w’inzobere mu by’imirasire azareba iyi shusho, arebe niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe cyangwa giteye impungenge, hanyuma yandike raporo ku muganga wategetse ko bamufata X-ray.

Twakwitegura dute mbere yo gupimwa X-ray?

Uburyo witegura buzaterwa n'ubwoko bwa X-ray urimo gukora. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gukora ibintu nk'ibi:

• Irinde gukoresha amavuta yo kwisiga, amavuta yo kwisiga cyangwa imibavu. Ibi bishobora gutera umwijima kuri X-ray bigatera ibisubizo bitari byo.
• Kuraho ibintu by'icyuma nk'amaherena, imikufi, udupira tw'imisatsi, n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Icyuma gishobora kubangamira X-ray, bigatuma amashusho adasobanutse neza kandi bigatanga ibisubizo bitari byo.
• Kuri X-ray zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane iyo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bitandukanya ibintu, ushobora gusabwa guhagarika kurya no kunywa amasaha make mbere y'uko ubikora.
• Uzajye wambaye imyenda ishimishije, cyangwa wambaye ikanzu yatanzwe n'ibitaro mbere yo gupimwa X-ray.

Igikuru ni ukubwira muganga wawe amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, ubwivumbure ubwo aribwo bwose ufite, hamwe n'imiti ufata.

By’umwihariko, niba utwite, utekereza ko ushobora kuba utwite, cyangwa urimo konsa, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga mbere yo gupimwa X-ray.

Niba uri gupimwa X-ray ifite ibikoresho bitandukanya impyiko, bwira muganga wawe niba ufite ikibazo cy'impyiko.

Bigenda bite iyo ufashe X-ray?

Uburyo nyabwo bwo gukora buterwa n'ubwoko bwa X-ray ukoresha. Ubusanzwe, iyo ufata X-ray, umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga cyangwa umuganga azakora ibi bikurikira:

• (Niba bibaye ngombwa) Uburyo bwo kugabanya ibara butangwa hakoreshejwe inshinge, enema, cyangwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kunywa. Hari igihe iyo irangi rishyizwe mu mitsi, ushobora kumva ushyushye gato. Hari abantu bashobora kumva uburyohe bw'icyuma mu kanwa kabo. Izi ngaruka zishira mu minota mike kandi nta mpungenge zihari.
• Uzasabwa kwicara ku ntebe, guhagarara, cyangwa kuryama ku meza.
• Mu bihe byashize, rimwe na rimwe watwikirwaga n'agakingirizo gakomeye k'icyuma/agapfukamunwa kugira ngo wirinde imirasire idakenewe. Ariko ubushakashatsi bushya bwerekana ko ibi atari ngombwa ku mashini zikoreshwa muri iki gihe, kuko imirasire igera aho ikenewe gusa.
• Igice cya mashini ya X-ray (nk'icyuma gifata amashusho) gishyirwa hafi y'igice cy'umubiri gikeneye gufotorwa.
• Bazajya bimura umubiri wawe cyangwa amaguru yawe mu buryo butandukanye kandi bagusaba kuguma uhagaze. Hari igihe bagusaba guhagarika umwuka wawe amasegonda make kugira ngo wirinde ko amashusho ahinduka.

Hari igihe abana bato bataguma aho bari kugira ngo bamenye neza. Muri icyo gihe, muganga ashobora kubagira inama yo gukoresha igikoresho cyihariye (ikirinda cyangwa ikibuza kugenda) kugira ngo umwana agume aho ari mu gihe X-ray ifatwa. Ibi bikoresho ntibibabaza cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka mbi ku mwana. Bituma umwana atuza kandi bigabanya inshuro agomba gufatwa amafoto.

Bigenda bite nyuma yo gupimwa X-ray?

Kenshi na kenshi, nta mbogamizi zihari ku byo ushobora gukora nyuma yo gupimwa X-ray. Ushobora gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi nk'uko bisanzwe. Ariko, niba warahawe uburyo bwo kugabanya ibara ry'uruhu, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha amabwiriza yihariye. Urugero, ushobora kubwirwa kunywa amazi menshi nyuma yaho. Ibi bizafasha irangi kuva mu mubiri wawe vuba.

Ese hari ingaruka cyangwa ingaruka mbi ziterwa na X-rays?

Imirasire ya X muri rusange ni myiza cyane, kandi nta ngaruka mbi ifiteIkizamini cyagize ingaruka mbi. Hari abantu bashobora kugira ingaruka mbi zikomoka ku irangi ritandukanye. Zimwe muri zo zirimo:

• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka.
• Kubabara mu nda cyangwa impiswi.
• Kuribwa umutwe.

Hari ibyago bike cyane byo kugira ubwivumbure ku bintu bitandukanya ibintu. Abantu bafite ubwivumbure cyangwa asima bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ubwivumbure ku irangi ritandukanya ibintu. Kubwibyo, vugana na muganga wawe ku byago byo kugira ubwivumbure nk'ubu. Niba ugize ibimenyetso bidasanzwe nyuma yo gupimwa X-ray hamwe n'ubwivumbure, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya.

Hari abantu bashobora guhangayika kuko imirasire ya X ikoresha imirasire (bivugwa ko itera kanseri n'ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima mu gihe kirekire). Ariko, iyo ubonye imirasire isanzwe ya X, uba uhura n'imirasire mike cyane . Ni ukuvuga ko idarenze urugero rw'imirasire uhura nayo mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi (imirasire y'inyuma). Urugero:

• Imirasire yo mu gituza ikwereka imirasire karemano imara iminsi igera ku 10.
• Imirasire y'amenyo ya X-ray ikwereka imirasire karemano imara umunsi umwe.

Umuganga azakugira inama yo gukorerwa X-ray gusa iyo abona ko inyungu ziruta kure ingaruka ntoya cyane.

Imirasire ya X mu gihe utwite

Nubwo ingano y'imirasire umuntu mukuru ahura nayo akoresheje X-ray ubusanzwe atari yo yangiza, ishobora kwangiza umwana uri mu nda (umwana uri mu nda). Kubwibyo, niba utwite, cyangwa niba ufite amakenga ko ushobora kuba utwite, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga wawe cyangwa umuhanga mbere yo gupimwa X-ray. Nyuma yaho muganga wawe ashobora gufata icyemezo cyo gukora ikindi kizamini cyo gupima kitarimo imirasire, nka MRI (imaging magnetic resonance imaging) cyangwa scan ya ultrasound. Gusa iyo bibaye ngombwa, X-ray ishobora gukorwa kugira ngo igabanye ibyago ku mwana.

Ni ibihe bisubizo bya X-ray?

Umuganga w’inzobere mu gupima indwara areba amashusho nka X-ray na CT scans. Azareba X-ray zawe, yandike ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi, kandi yandike raporo. Ashobora kandi kukugira inama yo gukomeza gupimwa nibiba ngombwa. Muganga wawe azakira amashusho n’inyandiko z’umuganga w’inzobere mu gupima. Azasuzuma amashusho, asome raporo, kandi akumenyeshe niba hari ikintu giteye impungenge.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo bya X-ray?

Ibisubizo bya X-ray y'amagufwa akenshi byigaragaza vuba , cyane cyane mu bihe nk'ibyihutirwa.Ariko igihe abaganga b'inzobere mu by'imirasire bamara kugira ngo babasuzume kandi baguhe raporo gishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ibitaro n'ibindi. Muganga ashobora kukubwira ibisubizo nyuma yo gufata X-ray, cyangwa akabyerekana mu nyandiko zawe z'ubuvuzi bw'ikoranabuhanga (nubwo ubu buryo butaraboneka hose muri Sri Lanka, ariko buraboneka ahantu hamwe na hamwe).

Ubundi bwoko bwa X-rays (urugero, ikizamini cya GI hamwe n'uburyo butandukanye) bushobora gufata igihe kirekire, wenda umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo. Ni byiza kuganira na muganga wawe ku gihe ushobora kwitega kubona ibisubizo byawe.

Niba ibisubizo bidasanzwe, ni iki ukurikizaho?

Muganga wawe azakubwira niba ukeneye gukorerwa isuzuma cyangwa ibindi bipimo. Si ibintu byose bidasanzwe bitera akaga. Mu by'ukuri, ibintu byinshi bibonetse ku bw'amahirwe ni byiza. Ni ukuvuga ko bishobora kudatera impungenge zikomeye. Ariko, niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge ku bisubizo bya X-ray, ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe akabisobanura neza.

Ni ryari ngomba guhamagara muganga?

Niba wahawe ibikoresho byo kugereranya isura mbere yo gupimwa X-ray, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Uruhu rufite uduheri, ibibyimba, cyangwa uburyaryate bukabije.
• Kuribwa umutwe (niba bikomeye kurusha uko bisanzwe).
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka (niba bitarangiye).
• Guhumeka nabi cyangwa guhumeka nabi, niba wumva igituza gifunze.
• Niba wumva isura yawe, iminwa yawe, cyangwa umuhogo wawe bibyimba.

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara nyuma y'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma yo gupimwa X-ray. Ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga vuba kuko ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'uko umuntu afite ubwivumbure.

Amaherezo, ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka

Imirasire ya X-ray ni bumwe mu buryo bwa kera kandi bwizewe mu buvuzi. Nubwo imaze imyaka hafi 130 ihari, iracyari ingenzi cyane kuko irimo gukoreshwa mu buryo bugezweho bitewe n'ubushakashatsi bushya. Amashusho ya X-ray arasobanutse neza kurusha mbere, kandi ingano y'imirasire ikoreshwa ni mike cyane. Kubwibyo, nta mpamvu yo gutinya X-ray bitari ngombwa.

Imirasire ya X-ray ituma abaganga bareba vuba niba hari ikibazo kiri mu mubiri wawe. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kumenya vuba niba hari ikintu gikeneye kuvurwa cyangwa gupimwa ibindi. Niba ufite ikibazo ku bijyanye no gupimwa X-ray cyangwa ibisubizo, ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe, sibyo?

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