Reka twige byinshi kuri insuline. Kuki ari ingenzi cyane ku mibiri yacu?

Ushobora kuba warumvise ijambo insuline, sibyo? Wenda niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe urwaye diyabete, cyangwa niba nawe ubwawe uri diyabete, iri zina rirazwi cyane. None se, insuline ni iki? Kuki ari ingenzi cyane ku mubiri wacu? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva.

Insulini ni iki? Ikora iki?

Muri make, insuline ni imisemburo ikorwa mu mibiri yacu mu buryo busanzwe. Ikorwa n'urugingo rwitwa pancreas. Akamaro ka insuline ni ugufasha uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu gukoresha isukari, cyangwa isukari mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi, ikomoka ku biryo turya nk'ingufu.

Tekereza muri ubu buryo, uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu tumeze nk'utuzu duto. Izi nzu zikenera ingufu kugira ngo zikore. Izo ngufu zikomoka kuri glucose. Ariko, kugira ngo iyi glucose yinjire mu mazu yitwa uturemangingo, ikenera urufunguzo rwo gufungura urugi. Urwo rufunguzo ni insuline. Iyo insuline ifunguye inzugi z'uturemangingo, glucose iri mu maraso ijya mu turemangingo igahinduka ingufu.

Noneho usobanukiwe akamaro ka insuline, sibyo? Niba ku mpamvu runaka pancreas yacu idakora insuline neza, cyangwa niba umubiri udashobora gukoresha insuline ikora neza, iyo glucose ntishobora kwinjira mu turemangingo. Icyo gihe, urugero rwa glucose mu maraso ruriyongera cyane. Ibi ni byo twita isukari nyinshi mu maraso (hyperglycemia) . Ibi nibikomeza, tuzahura n'indwara yitwa diyabete.

Hariho kandi ubwoko bwa insuline itangwa hanze mu rwego rwo kuvura abantu barwaye diyabete. Tuzabivugaho nyuma.

Ese insuline igabanya urugero rw'isukari mu maraso cyangwa irayongera?

Yego, insuline igabanya urugero rw'isukari mu maraso. Uwo ni wo murimo wayo w'ingenzi. Ariko imibiri yacu ikora mu buryo butangaje cyane. Hariho indi misemburo ifasha mu kugumana urugero rw'isukari mu maraso, iyo ni glucagon. Mu gihe insuline igabanya isukari mu maraso, glucagon yongera urugero rw'isukari mu maraso iyo bikenewe. Iyi misemburo yombi ikorana kugira ngo isukari mu maraso yacu ikomeze kumera neza.

Ariko, iyo ufata insuline hanze nk'umuti wa diyabete, rimwe na rimwe iyo ufashe irenga urugero rukenewe, urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe rushobora kugabanuka cyane. Ibi byitwa hypoglycemia . Ibi biramutse bibaye, ugomba kurya cyangwa kunywa isukari vuba kugira ngo ukosore. Hariho kandi inshinge za glucagon zishobora gutangwa iyo isukari mu maraso yawe igabanutse cyane. Ni byiza kuvugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi.

Insulini ikorerwa he?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, insuline ikorerwa muri pancreas yacu. Mu buryo bw'umwihariko, ni uturemangingo twa beta mu matsinda yihariye y'uturemangingo twitwa inkende za Langerhans muri pancreas.Iyi misemburo ya insuline ikorwa na pancreas. Iyi ni inzira y'imisemburo . Ni ukuvuga ko insuline ikorwa irekurwa mu maraso.

Pancreas ifite kandi akandi kazi, ari ko exocrine , ari nako isohora imisemburo inyura mu miyoboro ifasha mu gusya ibiryo.

Ni izihe ndwara zishobora guterwa na insuline?

Insulini yaba igabanuka, yiyongera, cyangwa idakora neza mu mubiri, indwara zitandukanye zishobora kubaho.

Indwara za diyabete zibaho iyo insuline idafite ihagije

Iyo insuline idakora neza, igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso kiriyongera, bigatera diyabete. Amoko amwe ya diyabete ashobora guterwa no kwangirika kwa pancreas:

• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1: Iyi ni indwara iterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri . Mu magambo make, ubudahangarwa bwacu bw’umubiri bwibasira uturemangingo twa beta dukora insuline. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, umusaruro wa insuline mu mubiri ugenda ubura burundu.
• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 3c (izwi kandi nka diyabete ya pancreatogenic): Ibi bibaho iyo pancreatoge yangiritse kandi ntiyongere gukora insuline. Iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa n'indwara nka pancreatoge idakira na cystic fibrosis . Ishobora kandi kubaho nyuma yuko pancreatoge ibazwe (pancreatectomy).
• Diyabete idakora ku barwayi bakuru (LADA): Iyi nayo iterwa n'ingaruka z'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri, nka diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1. Ariko, igenda ikura buhoro buhoro. LADA ikunze kugaragara mu bantu barengeje imyaka 30.

Indwara ziterwa no kudakora insuline

Iyi ni nayo mpamvu ikomeye itera diyabete. Kudakora neza kwa insuline ni igihe imitsi yacu, ibinure n'umwijima bidakira insuline neza. Ni nk'aho urufunguzo rw'ingufuri y'urugi rudakora. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara nka:

• Prediabetes: Iyi ni indwara aho isukari mu maraso iba iri hejuru ugereranyije n’ibisanzwe, ariko ikaba idahagije ku buryo yakwitwa diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Impamvu nyamukuru ni ukudakora neza kwa insuline.
• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2: Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bwa insuline bwiyongereye ku buryo pancreas idashobora kuyigenzura, bigatuma isukari mu maraso yiyongera.
• Diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita:Iyi ni indwara ishobora kugaragara mu gihe cyo gutwita. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko imisemburo iva muri placenta itera ubudahangarwa bwa insuline. Iyo pancreas idashobora gutsinda ubu budahangarwa, diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita iravuka. Ariko, ibi bikunze kumera neza nyuma yo kuvuka k'umwana.

Byongeye kandi, hari ubwoko bwa diyabete y’uruhererekane rw’uturemangingo yitwa Maturity-onset diyabete y’abakiri bato (MODY) . Iyi nayo yitwa diyabete y’ubwoko bwa monogenic . Iterwa n’impinduka mu miterere y’uturemangingo ihererekanywa mu bisekuruza kandi ikagira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri ukora kandi ugakoresha insuline.

Indwara iterwa no kuba insuline nyinshi

Ikibyimba kidakunze kugaragara cyitwa insulinoma gishobora gutuma pancreas ikora insuline nyinshi cyane. Ibi bishobora gutera isukari nke mu maraso, rimwe na rimwe ikaba ikomeye. Kenshi na kenshi, izi insulinomas zishobora gukira hakoreshejwe kubagwa.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa insuline buhari ku ndwara ya diyabete?

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa insuline ikoreshwa mu kuvura diyabete. Inyinshi ziza mu buryo bw'urushinge - haba binyuze mu rushinge, ikaramu cyangwa ipompo. Hariho kandi insuline zihumekwa. Niba urwaye diyabete, muganga wawe azagena ubwoko n'ingano ikubereye. Ingano ishobora guhindurwa uko bikenewe.

Ubwoko bwa insuline bugabanyijemo ibice bitewe n'uburyo zikora vuba n'igihe zimara mu mubiri .

• Insulini ikora vuba: Ubu bwoko bwa insuline butangira gukora mu minota 5-20 kandi bumara amasaha agera kuri 3-5. Ikora neza cyane nyuma y'isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri utewe. Insulini glulisine ni imwe muri ubwo bwoko. Insulini ihumekwa nayo iri muri iki cyiciro. Izi zikunze gufatwa mbere yo kurya.
• Insulini isanzwe cyangwa insuline ikora vuba: Izi zirimo Novolin R® na Humulin R® . Zitangira gukora mu minota 30-45 nyuma yo guterwa inshinge kandi zimara amasaha agera kuri 5-8. Zigera ku rugero rw'inyongera nyuma y'amasaha 2-4 nyuma yo guterwa inshinge.
• Insulini ikora hagati: Ubu bwoko bufata amasaha abiri kugira ngo butangire gukora. Bukora neza hagati y'amasaha 4 na 12 nyuma yo guterwa inshinge. Bumara amasaha agera kuri 14-24. Insulini ya Isophane (NPH) ni imwe muri ubwo bwoko.
• Insulini imara igihe kirekire: Ubu bwoko bwa insuline bumara isaha imwe kugira ngo bugere mu maraso bugatangira gukora. Bukora neza hagati y'amasaha 3 na 14 nyuma yo guterwa inshinge. Bumara umunsi umwe. Insulini glargine ni urugero rw'ubu bwoko.
• Insulini ikora igihe kirekire cyane: Ubu bwoko bwa insuline bumara amasaha agera kuri atandatu kugira ngo bugere mu maraso kandi bugakomeza gukora ku rugero rumwe mu gihe cy'amasaha menshi (bivuze ko idatera hejuru icyarimwe). Imara iminsi ibiri. Insulini degludec ni imwe muri ubwo bwoko.

Icy'ingenzi: Buri gihe kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe ku bwoko, urugero, n'uburyo insuline yagugenewe. Ntukigere uhindura urugero rwa insuline yawe utabanje kugisha inama muganga.

Ese hari ingaruka mbi zo kuvura insuline?

Ingorane ikunze kugaragara mu kuvura insuline ni isukari nke mu maraso (hypoglycemia) iterwa no gufata insuline nyinshi.

Uretse ibyo, hari izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kugaragara gake cyane:

• Imyitwarire y'uruhu ahantu haterwa insuline: Iyo insuline ishyizwe ahantu hamwe inshuro nyinshi, ibinure bishobora kwirundanya munsi y'uruhu, bigatera utubyimba. Cyangwa, ibinure bishobora kwangirika bigatera uduce duto mu ruhu. Ibi byitwa lipodystrophy yo mu gace runaka . Ibi bishobora kugabanya uburyo insuline yinjizwamo. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kuzenguruka ahantu haterwa insuline kenshi.
• Uburyo insuline iterwa n'ubwivumbure: Hari abantu bashobora kugira ubwivumbure ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa insuline. Ibi bishobora gutera ububabare, gushya, hanyuma uruhu rugahinduka ibara, uburyaryate, no kubyimba hafi y'aho batewe inshinge mu gihe cy'amasaha make.
• Udukingirizo twa insuline: Ni gake cyane, kubera ko insuline itangwa hanze itandukanye gato na insuline karemano ikorerwa mu mubiri, umubiri wacu ushobora gukora utwo dukingirizo tuyirwanya. Utwo dukingirizo dushobora kubuza insuline itangwa hanze gukora neza. Muri iki gihe, ushobora gukenera gufata doze nyinshi cyane za insuline.

Ni hehe heza ho gutera insuline?

Ushobora gutera insuline ahantu henshi ku mubiri wawe. Muri rusange, ahantu heza ho gutera insuline ni ahantu ufite ibinure (amafuta). Aha ni:

• Igifu cyawe - ariko nibura santimetero 5 uvuye ku nda yawe.
• Imbere cyangwa impande z'ibibero byawe.
• Inyuma y'amaboko yawe yo hejuru.
• Igice cyo hejuru cy'ikibuno cyawe.

Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, ugomba kuzenguruka aho utera insuline kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo by'uruhu. Niba utera inshinge ahantu hamwe uyu munsi, shyira ahandi hantu ku munsi ukurikiyeho. Ushobora kubaza inzobere mu kwita ku barwayi ba diyabete cyangwa muganga wawe kugira ngo akubwire byinshi kuri ibi.

Ese hari ikintu nk'urugero rusanzwe rwa insuline?

Mu by’ukuri, nta "bisanzwe" ku rugero rwa insuline. Ibi biterwa nuko abantu bose batandukanye, kandi ibyo ukeneye muri insuline bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’isaha ku munsi. Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rugero rwa insuline yawe:

• Ubwoko n'ingano y'ibiryo urya (cyane cyane ibiryo birimo karubohidrati).
• Igihe urya n'inshuro urya .
• Urugendo rw'ibikorwa byawe n'ubwoko bw'imyitozo ngororamubiri ukora (urugero, gutera imitsi cyangwa guterura ibiremereye).
• Waba urwaye cyangwa ufite stress .
• Uri maso cyangwa usinziriye?
• Andi moko y'imisemburo.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe, nka corticosteroids .

Nanone, nta kizamini gisanzwe gisuzuma gusa urugero rwa insuline yawe. Akenshi, isukari yo mu maraso irasuzumwa.

Ese abantu barwaye Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 baracyakeneye insuline?

Si abantu bose barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bakeneye insuline kugira ngo bashobore kuyifata neza, ariko hari n'abayirwaye .

Hariho ubundi bwoko bwinshi bw'imiti ivura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Urugero, ibinini byo kunywa n'inshinge za GLP-1 agonist . Iyi miti ikora mu kurwanya ubudahangarwa bwa insuline mu buryo butandukanye. Ariko, iyo ubudahangarwa bwa insuline bukabije, iyi miti yonyine ishobora kudahagije kugira ngo isukari yo mu maraso ikomeze kumera neza. Icyo gihe ni bwo insuline iba ikenewe.

Umuntu urwaye diyabete ashobora kumara igihe kingana iki adakoresha insuline?

Umuntu urwaye diyabete iterwa na insuline akeneye insuline yo hanze kugira ngo akomeze kubaho. Iyo idakoreshejwe, umuntu ashobora kugira ikibazo gikomeye cyitwa Diyabete-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) gishobora kumubaho.

DKA ni ikibazo gitunguranye kandi gikomeye. Ishobora kugaragara mu masaha 24. Ishobora kugaragara vuba cyane iyo uri kuruka. Ni ngombwa guhamagara muganga cyangwa kujya kwa muganga ukimara kubona ibimenyetso bya DKA. Iyo itavuwe, DKA ishobora kwica.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka mu byo twaganiriyeho (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Rero, ushobora kuba ubu usobanukiwe ko insuline ari imisemburo y'ingenzi ifasha imibiri yacu kugumana ubuzima bwiza no gukora neza.

• Insulini ni imisemburo karemano ikorwa na pancreas yacu. Ifasha gutwara isukari (glucose) mu maraso ikayishyira mu turemangingo no gukora ingufu.
• Niba umubiri wawe udashobora gukora insuline ihagije cyangwa kuyikoresha neza, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira insuline yo hanze nk'umuti w'indwara ya diyabete.
• Niba warahawe insuline, ikoreshe neza neza nk'uko muganga wawe yabikubwiye.Kurikiza neza igipimo, igihe, n'aho inshinge zatewe.
• Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bya hypoglycemia (urugero: kubira ibyuya, kunyeganyega, gucika intege, umutima utera cyane), fata isukari ako kanya.
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya diyabete ketoacidosis (DKA) (urugero: kugira inyota ikabije, kwihagarika cyane, isesemi, kuruka, kubabara mu gifu, guhumeka bigoranye, impumuro y'umusaruro mu guhumeka) , shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba.

Ni ingenzi cyane kwita ku buzima bwawe. Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kijyanye na insuline cyangwa diyabete, ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga wawe.

Insulini, diyabete, isukari yo mu maraso, pancreas, imisemburo, kuvura diyabete, ubwoko bwa insuline