Abarinda Umubiri: Reka twige ibijyanye n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri mu buryo bworoshye!

Ese wigeze utekereza ku barinzi bato bari mu mibiri yacu? Ni nk'ingabo zacu nto. Iyo turwaye cyangwa ikintu nk'uburozi kinjira mu mibiri yacu, aba ni bo baza imbere bakarwana kugira ngo badukize. Izo ntwari nto ni zo twita antibodies , cyangwa "Antibodies" mu Cyongereza. Irindi zina ry'ibi ni "Immunoglobulin".

Antigens na antibody ni iki? Ni gute batangira urugamba?

Mu magambo make, ' Antigene ' ni ikintu cyose cyangiza umubiri wacu, giturutse hanze. Tekereza umujura yinjira mu nzu yawe. Uwo mujura ni 'Antigene'. Aba bajura bashobora kuza mu buryo butandukanye:

• Bagiteri
• Virusi
• Ibihumyo
• Ibitera aleji
• Uburozi buturuka ku nyamaswa
• Ubundi burozi butandukanye

Noneho, iyo uyu murwanyi wa `(Antigen)` yinjiye mu mubiri, ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri buhita bubimenya. Ubudahangarwa bwacu burabyumva buti, "Oh... haza umuntu tutazi, kandi uyu muntu si umwe muri twe." Icyo gihe ingabo zacu, `` Antibody`` , zirahamagara. Ubudahangarwa ni poroteyine zidasanzwe zikorwa n'ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri. Izi zijya gufata uwo `(Antigen)`, zikawusenya, zikawufasha kuva mu mubiri. Ni nko gufata uwo mujura ukawushyikiriza polisi.

Izi antibodies zikorerwa he? Ziherereye he mu mubiri?

Uturemangingo tw’umubiri dukorwa n’ubwoko bwihariye bw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera mu mubiri wacu. Twitwa uturemangingo twa B. Iyo "antigen" ije ikagera kuri uturemangingo twa B, utwo turemangingo twa B turagabanyuka tugakora uturemangingo twinshi. Ni nko "gufotora kopi". Utwo turemangingo dushya twita "uturemangingo twa plasma ". Muri utwo turemangingo twa plasma niho hakorwa uturemangingo twa za antibodies miliyoni kandi tugasohorwa mu maraso yacu no mu maraso yacu.

Utunyangingo tw’umubiri dukora muri ubu buryo ntabwo tuba ahantu hamwe gusa mu mubiri wacu.

• Mu ruhu rwacu
• Mu bihaha
• Mu marira
• Mu macandwe
• Iyo umubyeyi yonsa umwana we, cyane cyane mu minsi ya mbere, amashereka menshi yitwa colostrum , aba arimo izi antibodies nyinshi. Niyo mpamvu konsa byongera ubushobozi bw'umwana bwo guhangana n'indwara . Ibyo bivuze ko umwana abona uburinzi kuri nyina.

Ni izihe antibodies za monoclonal twumvise zivugwaho?

Kimwe mu bintu abaganga bavugaho muri iyi minsi ni antibodies monoclonal . Izi antibodies si antibodies zisanzwe mu mibiri yacu. Ni ubwoko bwa antibodies zikorerwa muri laboratwari. Zagenewe gukora nk'uko antibodies zacu zikora. Zagenewe kwibasira antigen runaka gusa. Ubu buryo bwo kuvuraNanone byitwa `Immunotherapy`.

Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe antibodiste za monoclonal?

Ubu bwoko bw'ingufu zikozwe mu buryo bw'ubukorano zitwa "Monoclonal Antibodies" bukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye. Kubera ko buri "Monoclonal Antibody" ikorerwa ku rwego rwo kwibasira "Antigen" runaka. Dore ingero nke:

• Ubwoko bwa Kanseri
• Indwara z'ingingo nka rubagimpande
• Zimwe mu ndwara z'umutima
• Sclerosis nyinshi (MS)
• Ibisebe byo mu mara ( ulcerative colitis )
• Lupus
• Indwara ya Crohn
• Psoriasis, indwara y'uruhu
• Hagarika kwanga guterwa ingingo z'umubiri

Ese hari ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri? Ni ibihe?

Yego, abasirikari bose ntibameze kimwe. Bagabanyijemo ubwoko 5 bw'ingenzi bitewe n'aho baherereye n'imikorere yabo. Buri bwoko bwitiriwe inyuguti y'Icyongereza. Ijambo `Immunoglobulin` ni gufi naho `Ig` yongeweho imbere y'iyi nyuguti.

1. IgG: Iyi ni yo antibody iboneka cyane mu maraso yacu no mu yandi matembabuzi yo mu mubiri. Ni yo iturinda cyane cyane indwara nka bagiteri na virusi. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, izi antibody za 'IgG' zishobora kwambuka nyababyeyi zigatanga uburinzi ku mwana uri mu nda.

2. IgA: Ibi biboneka cyane cyane mu gice cy'ubuhumekero (izuru, mu muhogo, mu bihaha) no mu gifu (mu mara). Biboneka no mu macandwe, mu marira no mu mashereka. Bifasha mu guhagarika mikorobe kwinjira mu mubiri.

3. IgM: Iyo indwara yinjiye mu mubiri, izi antibodies za `IgM` ni zo zibanza kurwanya . Ziboneka mu maraso no mu mazi y'imitsi.

4. IgE: Ubu bwoko bwa antibody bugira uruhare runini mu gutera allergie . Igipimo cya IgE kiriyongera iyo umubiri ugize ikibazo ku bintu nk'umukungugu n'ivumbi. Binarwanya udukoko.

5. IgD: Hari byinshi bigikomeje kwigwa kuri izi antibody, ariko ubu bikekwa ko zifasha mu gukora uturemangingo twa B. Tuboneka mu rugero ruto cyane mu maraso.

Izi antibodies zikozwe n'iki mu by'ukuri? Zisa gute?

Antibodies ni ubwoko bwa poroteyine . Buri antibodies igizwe na polipeptide enye. Polypeptide ni imiyoboro y’aside amine ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi. Ebyiri muri izi miyoboro byitwa "imiyoboro iremereye" naho izindi ebyiri zitwa "imiyoboro yoroheje."

Izi nyunganiramirongo enye zirahurira hamwe zigakora ishusho y'inyuguti y'Icyongereza 'Y'.Uko ni ko antibody ikorwa. Tekereza ko impera ebyiri z'amashami yo hejuru y'inyuguti ya 'Y' zitandukanye, kandi uburyo aside amine iri aho hantu ikaba itandukanye kuri buri bwoko bwa antibody. Iryo tandukaniro niyo mpamvu buri antibody ishobora kumenya gusa `(Antigen)` runaka no kuyirwanya. Nk'uko buri rufunguzo rukwiranye na buri mwobo w'urufunguzo.

Reka tuvuge gato ku barwayi ba COVID, si byo se?

Yego, ubudahangarwa bwa COVID ni ikintu abantu bose bavugaho muri iyi minsi. Ubudahangarwa bwa virusi itera COVID-19 bushobora kuboneka mu maraso y'abantu bakize iyi ndwara, cyangwa mu maraso y'abantu bahawe urukingo rwa COVID-19. Nubwo waba warigeze kugira COVID mbere, guhabwa urukingo bizatuma umubiri wawe ubasha kwirinda iyi virusi kandi bikongere ubushobozi bwo kwirinda iyi virusi.

Namenya nte ko mfite antibodies za Covid?

Ushobora kumenya niba ufite ubudahangarwa bwa COVID ukoresheje ikizamini cya antibody . Ibi bizamini biboneka muri laboratwari, muri farumasi zimwe na zimwe, kandi muganga wawe ashobora no kubikubwira.

Ubudahangarwa bwa Covid bumara igihe kingana iki mu mubiri?

Ubushakashatsi buracyakomeje, ariko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bakize COVID-19 bafite uturemangingo tw’umubiri tumara nibura amezi atanu kugeza kuri atandatu . Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko abantu bakize COVID bafite "uturemangingo twa B" dushobora kumara imyaka myinshi, kandi utu turemangingo tw’ubwibukire dushobora kwibasira virusi vuba iyo tugarutse.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri twa thyroglobulin?

Udukoko twa thyroglobulin dukunze kuboneka mu bantu bafite ibibazo bya thyroglobulin, nk'abafite hyperthyroidism (hormone ya thyroglobulin nyinshi) cyangwa hypothyroidism (hormone ya thyroglobulin nke cyane). Utu dukoko twibasira poroteyine yitwa thyroglobulin (ibanza kuba hormone ya thyroglobulin). Ibi bishobora kwangiza thyroglobulin.

Ikizamini cya Antithyroglobulin Antibody Test ni iki?

Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko hari ikibazo kuri tiroyide yawe, ashobora gutegeka iki kizamini cy’umubiri urwanya thyroglobulin . Iki kizamini kandi gikoreshwa mu gukurikirana aho kanseri ya tiroyide igeze nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Bigenda bite iyo nsanze mfite ubwandu?

Niba iki kizamini gisanze ufite antibodies za thyroglobulin mu maraso yawe, bivuze ko ushobora kuba ufite ikibazo cya tiroyide. Zimwe muri izi ndwara zirimo:

• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Indwara ya Hashimoto
• Indwara y'imva
• Indwara ya thyroiditis yo mu bwoko bwa subacute
• Lupus
• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1

None se izi antibodies zo mu mubiri ni iki?

Izi kandi zitwa anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs). Autoantibodies ni ubwoko bwa anti-antibody bwibasira poroteyine zisanzwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo nzima mu mibiri yacu. Tekereza nk'uko ubwirinzi bwacu bwibasira ubwacu. Izi autoantibodies zibeshya ko poroteyine nziza mu mubiri ari mbi kandi zidakenewe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imibiri yacu itangira kwibasira ubwayo. Abantu benshi bafite ingano nto cyane y'izi autoantibodies. Ariko, iyo zihari nyinshi, akenshi bigaragaza indwara y'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri .

Ni gute antibodies zirwanya imisemburo (ANAs) zipimwa?

Igipimo cy'ingenzi cy'amaraso gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma izi `ANA` ni ` igipimo cy'umubiri urwanya udukoko twa kirimbuzi` . Muri iki gipimo, abaganga bareba udukoko twanditseho fluorescent munsi ya mikorosikopi maze bakamenya ubukana n'imiterere y'urumuri. Iki gipimo gikunze gukoreshwa mu kwemeza ko hari indwara nka lupus.

Ikizamini cya ANA kigaragaza ko umuntu afite ubwandu gisobanura iki?

Ibisubizo bya ``positive`` bivuye mu isuzuma rya ANA ntabwo bivuze ko ufite indwara y’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri, ahubwo bivuze ko muganga wawe ashobora gushaka gukora iperereza rirambuye. Niba ubona ibisubizo bya ``positive``, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukomeza gupimwa.

Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ni uburyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu buturinda indwara zandura, ibintu bishobora gutera ubwivumbure, n'uburozi. Imibiri yacu ikora izi poroteyine mu buryo busanzwe. Hari igihe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwo mu bwoko bwa monoclonal bukorerwa muri laboratwari bukoreshwa mu kuvura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by'ubuzima, nka kanseri, indwara z'umutima, na rubagimpande.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka tuvuge muri make bimwe mu byo twavuze ugomba kuzirikana:

• Antibodies ni ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu. Zidufasha kwirinda udukoko n'uburozi bw'abanyamahanga (antigens).
• Ibi bikorwa n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twihariye tw'umweru twitwa uturemangingo twa B.
• Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD), buri bumwe muri bwo bufite akazi kabwo.
• Antibodies za monoclonal ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa antibodies zikorerwa muri laboratwari. Zikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye, harimo na kanseri.
• Tubona ubudahangarwa bwa COVID mu ndwara no mu gukingirwa.
• Hari igihe ubudahangarwa bwacu bushobora gukora ku mibiri yacu. Izi zitwa ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri . Izi zishobora gutera indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri.

Rero, urashobora kubona akamaro k'izi ntwari nto zitwa antibodies ku mibiri yacu. Ni zo ziturinda indwara nyinshi. Niba ufite ibindi bibazo kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga wawe.

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