Isuzuma rireba amazi ari inyuma y'ijosi ry'umwana wawe: Byose ku bijyanye na Nuchal Translucency!

Niba uri umubyeyi utwite, muganga wawe ashobora kuba yarakubwiye iby'iyi scan yitwa `Nuchal Translucency`. Ushobora kuba warigeze kubyumva bivuye ku nshuti yawe. Iyi scan ni iki koko? Ireba iki? Ese ni ngombwa kuyikora? Ushobora kuba ufite ibibazo byinshi nk'ibi. Ntugahangayike, tuzagusobanurira byose mu buryo bworoshye ushobora kumva.

Nuchal Translucency ni iki?

Mu magambo make, gupima nuchal translucency ni scan yihariye ya ultrasound ikorwa mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'inda yawe. Muri make ireba ubunini bw'ururenda rw'amazi munsi y'uruhu inyuma y'ijosi ry'umwana wawe , cyangwa ingano y'amazi arimo. Ese wari uzi ko buri mwana afite amazi make inyuma y'ijosi rye, kandi ni ibisanzwe rwose ?

Ariko, mu gupima ingano y'aya mazi, abaganga bashobora kubona ingaruka z'uko umwana ashobora kugira ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bya chromosomes cyangwa impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo .

Icy'ingenzi ni uko iyi scan ya "NT" ari isuzuma gusa. Ni ukuvuga ko idasuzuma umwana ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose. Ifasha gusa muganga wawe gufata icyemezo niba umwana ari mu kaga, kandi niba ari uko bimeze, niba hakenewe ikindi gipimo. Urabyumva?

Iyi scan isa ite?

Noneho reka turebe icyo iyi scan ya 'nuchal translucency' ireba. Muri iyi scan, muganga areba ahantu inyuma y'ijosi ry'umwana hitwa 'nuchal fold.' Nkuko nabivuze mbere, buri mwana afite amazi inyuma y'ijosi rye. Abaganga basanze abana bafite imiterere imwe n'imwe ya chromosomes cyangwa genetique bashobora kugira amazi menshi muri iki gice cy'ijosi ryabo.

Ni ibihe bintu urimo kureba niba hari ibyago?

Niba ingano y'amazi inyuma y'ijosi iri hejuru kuruta uko bisanzwe, bishobora kugaragaza ko umwana ashobora kugira ibyago byo kurwara indwara nka:

• Down syndrome (Trisomie 21) : Ushobora kuba warumvise ibi. Iyi ni yo ndwara `NT` scan yibandaho cyane cyane.
• Indwara ya Patau (Trisomie 13)
• Indwara ya Edwards (syndrome ya Edwards - Trisomy 18)

Ibi ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bitagenda neza mu mikurire y'amaraso. Byongeye kandi, kwiyongera kw'agaciro ka 'NT' bishobora kujyana n'indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima wavukanye., bivuze ko bishobora no kujyana n'ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima. Bityo, ibisubizo bya 'NT' scan bishobora gutanga igitekerezo gifatika cy'uko umwana ashobora kugira izi ndwara cyangwa se niba zidakunze kugaragara.

Ikindi kintu ni uko muri iki gikorwa cyo gupima ``NT```, abaganga banagenzura ibice byinshi by'ibanze by'umubiri w'umwana uri gukura. Urugero, bagenzura niba umutwe w'umwana, ubwonko, ingingo n'amara birimo gukura neza. Iyo habonetse ibindi bintu bidasobanutse neza mu gihe cyo gupima ``NT```, bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira imiterere y'uturemangingo cyangwa imiterere y'umubiri.

Gusuzuma NT bikorwa ryari?

Iki kandi ni ikibazo ku babyeyi benshi. Isuzuma rya `NT` rikorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 11 n'ibyumweru 13 n'iminsi 6 yo gutwita. Mu yandi magambo, rikorwa iyo uburebure kuva ku mutwe w'umwana kugera hasi (ibi byitwa `Crown-Rump Length - CRL`) buri hagati ya milimetero 45 na 84 .

Kuki bikorwa muri iki gihe runaka ? Impamvu ni uko nyuma y'ibyumweru 14, uko umwana akura, amazi ari inyuma y'ijosi atangira kwinjira mu mubiri w'umwana. Hanyuma biragoye kuyapima neza. Niyo mpamvu abaganga bagira inama yo gukora "NT" muri iki gihe runaka. Ubu buryo bwo gupima "NT" busanzwe bukorwa nk'igice cy'ikizamini cyo gupima mu gihembwe cya mbere .

Iyi mashini yo gupima mu gihembwe cya mbere ni iyihe?

Ushobora kuba warigeze kumva iri jambo mbere. ``Igikoresho cyo gusuzuma umwana mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'ivuka'' (rimwe na rimwe cyitwa ``Gusuzuma umwana mu buryo bukurikiranye'') ni itsinda ry'ibizamini bipima ibyago by'umwana byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu gihe cy'ivuka , ni ukuvuga indwara ziba zihari mu gihe cyo kuvuka.

Uretse gupima NT, amaraso arafatwa . Ibi bipimo by'amaraso bifasha gusuzuma ibyago byo kuba umwana wawe yavukana indwara. Mu by'ukuri, ibisubizo by'ibi bipimo by'amaraso hamwe na NT byonyine ni ukuri kurushaho .

Ni nde ukeneye gupimwa NT?

Isuzuma rya `NT` rishobora gukorwa n'umugore utwite uwo ari we wese , ariko rigomba gukorwa hagati y'ibyumweru bya 11 na 13 byavuzwe haruguru. Iki si ikizamini gitegetswe, ni amahitamo .

Ariko, abaganga benshi barabigusaba kuko bishobora kugufasha kumenya ingaruka zose hakiri kare. Ni byiza kuvugana na muganga wawe ugafata umwanzuro ushingiye ku cyo buri kizamini kizareba hamwe n'ibyiza n'ibibi.

Gusuzuma NT bikorwa bite?

Ibi kandi biroroshye cyane. Gupima NT bikorwa kimwe no gupima ultrasound bisanzwe. Akenshi, ni ultrasound yo mu nda.Rimwe rikorwa. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, urugero, niba bigoye kubona ishusho isobanutse bitewe n'aho nyababyeyi yawe iherereye cyangwa aho umwana aherereye, gupimwa mu gitsina (ultrasound yo mu gitsina) nabyo bishobora gukorwa.

Mbere yo gupimwa, muganga cyangwa umuhanga mu gupimwa azagushyiramo gel ya ultrasound mu nda. Hanyuma, agakoresho gato gakoreshwa mu ntoki kitwa transducer kazashyirwa hejuru y'inda yawe. Amashusho y'umwana wawe azagaragara kuri ecran. Ubunini bw'amazi ari inyuma y'ijosi ry'umwana wawe buzapimwa muri milimetero . Ntuzumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose muri iki gikorwa.

Ibisubizo bya NT scan bibarwa bite?

Ingaruka akenshi ntizibarwa hashingiwe ku gaciro kavuye muri scan ya NT gusa. Muganga wawe akunze kongeramo ibisubizo by'isuzuma ryawe ryose ry'igihembwe cya mbere kugira ngo abare ibyago byose byo kuba umwana wawe yavukana indwara.

Navuze mbere ko gupima amaraso hamwe na NT scan byongera ukuri kw'ibisubizo. Rero, mu bihe byinshi, ibisubizo byombi, imyaka yawe, ndetse wenda niba igufwa ry'izuru ry'umwana rigaragara (ibi binakoreshwa mu kureba ibyago byo kurwara Down syndrome), byitabwaho iyo biguha amanota ya nyuma y'ibyago.

Kuki ibisubizo byitwa "akaga"?

Ibisubizo ubona akenshi bigaragazwa nk'ingaruka z'imibare . Urugero, ibisubizo byawe bishobora kuvuga "1 ku mahirwe 300." Ibi bivuze ko mu bana 300 bafite amanota angana na `NT` n'ibindi bipimo by'ibizamini nk'ibyawe, 1 kuri 300 ni we uzaba afite iyo ndwara yavutsemo.

• Niba urugero rw'amazi ari rusanzwe : Ibi bivuze ko ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu nda ari bike .
• Niba ingano y'amazi ari menshi : Bivuze ko hari ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara yavukanye cyangwa iy'uturemangingo.

Tekereza kuri ubu buryo, niba ubwiwe ko ibyago byo kugongwa n'imodoka uri kugenda mu muhanda ari 1 mu 1000, ntabwo bivuze ko uzagongwa nta kabuza. Ni kimwe no kuri ibi. Nubwo ibyago ari byinshi, ntibivuze ko umwana azagira ikibazo nta kabuza.

Igikuru ni uko umuganga atazigera akora isuzuma akurikije ibisubizo bya scan ya `NT`. Ibi ni ibizamini by'ibanze gusa. Iyo agaciro ka `NT` kari hejuru, umuganga wawe cyangwa umujyanama mu by'uturemangingo azagusobanurira ibijyanye n'ibindi bizamini. Kenshi na kenshi, nubwo agaciro ka `NT` kaba kari hejuru, gashobora kuba kadafite aho gahuriye n'indwara ya chromosome cyangwa genetique. Niyo mpamvu ibizamini by'inyongera bihora bigirwa inama.

Uburyo bwo gupima NT bumeze neza bungana iki?

Iyo ukoze scan ya `NT` yonyine, izagaragaza indwara nka `Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)` mu bantu bagera kuri 70% .Irashobora kumenyekana. Ariko, abaganga benshi bahuza "NT" na "test" y'amaraso yavuzwe haruguru. Hanyuma, ukuri ko kumenya izi ndwara kuriyongera kugera kuri 95% . Iryo ni ijanisha riri hejuru, sibyo?

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'iyi scan?

Oya. Gupima neza kw'umubiri ni ikizamini gito cyane . Ni nk'isuzuma risanzwe rya ultrasound. Ntabwo bizagutwara ingaruka mbi cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka mbi ku mwana wawe.

Bigenda bite iyo ibisubizo bya scan ya NT bitameze neza?

Aha niho ababyeyi benshi batinya. Nongera kukwibutsa ko gupima `NT` bigaragaza gusa ibyago byo kugira umwana ikibazo runaka. Rero, niba ibisubizo byawe bya scan bitameze neza, bivuze ko agaciro ka `NT` kari hejuru, ntugatinye .

Muganga wawe azakubwira ibizamini byinshi byo gusuzuma indwara . Ibi bizamini birimo:

• Gupima Virusi ya Chorionic (CVS) : Ibi bikubiyemo gufata agace gato k'urugingo mu nyababyeyi yawe ukagapima niba hari indwara za genetiki. Ibi bikunze gukorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 10 na 13 by'inda.
• Amniocentesis : Ibi bikorwa nyuma gato mu gihe utwite, akenshi nyuma y'ibyumweru 15. Ibi bisaba gukoresha urushinge kugira ngo ukureho amazi make ya amniotic mu mura wawe. Aya mazi aba arimo uturemangingo tw'umwana, kandi utwo turemangingo dushobora gupimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara cyangwa imiterere mibi y'uturemangingo.

Ni mu bisubizo by'ibi bizamini dushobora kumenya neza niba umwana afite ikibazo runaka cyangwa nta cyo afite .

Byongeye kandi, iyo agaciro ka `NT` kari hejuru, muganga ashobora kandi gutegeka ko hakorwa scan yitwa fetal echocardiogram kugira ngo barebe neza umutima w'umwana, kuko agaciro ka `NT` kadasanzwe gashobora kujyana n'ubusembwa bumwe na bumwe bw'umutima w'umwana uri mu nda.

Ntutinye! Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni...

Kuba ibisubizo byawe bya NT scan bitameze neza ntibivuze ko umwana wawe afite ikibazo. Ntugahangayike, ntugatinye . Muganga wawe azakora ibizamini byinshi, cyangwa ashake ibimenyetso by'ikindi kibazo kuri ultrasound cyangwa ibizamini by'amaraso. Bashobora kukwohereza ku mujyanama w'uturemangingo . Muri ubwo buryo, ushobora kumenya byinshi kuri izi ndwara, ingaruka zazo, n'ibindi bipimo biboneka.

Agaciro gasanzwe ka NT ni akahe?

Ingano y'amazi ari inyuma y'ijosi ry'umwana iriyongera gato uko inda igenda ikura. Ibi bivuze ko ikigereranyo cy'amazi ari mu byumweru 13 gishobora kuba kiri hejuru gato y'ikigereranyo cy'amazi ari mu byumweru 11.

Ibigo bitandukanye by'ubuvuzi bitanga ibipimo bitandukanye gato by'ibizamini bya NT byo gupima by'inyongera. Ibi bishingiye ku gaciro k'ibizamini bya NT ndetse n'imyaka yo gutwita.

Ariko, mu gihe cyo gutwita, niba igipimo cya NT kiri hejuru ya mm 3 cyangwa mm 3.5 , ni byiza kuganira ku bujyanama ku bijyanye n'uturemangingo no gupima ibindi. Ariko, iki ni igipimo gusa, kandi muganga wawe azaguha inama nziza bitewe n'uko umeze.

Ese gupima NT ku buryo budasanzwe bisobanura ko umwana afite Down syndrome?

Oya, oya na gato . Ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya nuchal translucency scan ntibisobanura ko umwana azarwara Down syndrome cyangwa indi ndwara yavutse. Bisobanura gusa ko umwana ari mu kaga gakomeye cyangwa afite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyo ndwara.

Nubwo igipimo cya NT cyaba gisanzwe, abaganga bashobora gushaka gukora ibizamini by'amaraso uretse gupima NT kuko bishobora gutanga isuzuma ryimbitse ry'ibyago byawe. Hari igihe hakenewe ibizamini birambuye mbere yo kubyara kugira ngo hamenyekane ko umwana wawe ashobora kuvuka afite ikibazo cy'uturemangingo.

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umenye ibisubizo?

Kenshi na kenshi, muganga ashobora kukubwira ibisubizo bya ultrasound ya NT kuri uwo munsi . Ibi bivuze ko ingano y'amazi ari inyuma y'ijosi ishobora gupimwa kandi agaciro kayo kakamenyekana uwo munsi.

Ariko, ibisubizo by'ibipimo by'amaraso byakozwe mu gihembwe cya mbere bishobora gufata iminsi mike cyangwa icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri kugira ngo bigaruke . Abaganga benshi bategereza kugeza igihe ibi byose bisohowe mbere yo kubara niba umwana ari mu kaga cyangwa atari we. Icyo gihe ni bwo bazagusobanurira ishusho yose.

Amaherezo, ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Isuzuma rya ``Nuchal Translucency (NT)'' ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cya mbere gifasha kumenya ibyago by'umwana byo kurwara indwara yavutse cyangwa iy'uturemangingo.

• Iki ni ikizamini cyo gusuzuma gusa, ntabwo ari ikizamini cyo gusuzuma indwara.
• Ntugahangayike niba ibisubizo bitarasobanuka neza. Bivuze gusa ko hakenewe ibizamini byinshi.
• Hari amahirwe ko uzagira umwana muzima .
• Vugana na muganga wawe witonze icyo ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe bivuze n'icyo wakora nyuma yaho.
• Kuganira n'umujyanama mu by'uturemangingo no kuganira ku byiza n'ibibi byo gupimwa mu gihe kizaza bishobora gufasha cyane.

Ndizera ko aya makuru yagufashije gusobanukirwa neza ibijyanye na scan ya NT. Ntukigere utinya kubaza muganga wawe ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cyangwa impungenge ushobora kuba ufite.

` nuchal translucency, NT scan, gusuzuma umwana mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'amezi atatu, ibyago byo kurwara Down syndrome, ibibazo bya chromosomes, gusuzuma inda, gusuzuma mbere yo kubyara, ultrasound y'umwana uri mu nda, ibizamini byo gutwita, nuchal translucency, Down syndrome, gusuzuma umwana uri mu nda