Amaraso ni iki? (Amaraso) Reka tubiganireho birambuye!

Ese wari uzi ko amaraso ari ikintu cy'agaciro gakomeye mu mubiri wacu, nk'isoko y'ubuzima, ahora atemba kandi agafasha buri kintu cyose mu mubiri wawe gukora neza? Nubwo amaraso ahanini ari amazi, ni menshi kurusha amazi kuko arimo uturemangingo na poroteyine. Mu by'ukuri, amaraso akora akazi gakomeye ko kubungabunga ubuzima bw'umubiri wacu.

Ni iki koko kibaho ku maraso?

Amaraso atemba mu mitsi yawe akora akazi gatangaje cyane. Tekereza ukuntu utwo tuntu duto dushobora gukora byinshi.

• Amaraso atwara ogisijeni n'intungamubiri mu mubiri wawe wose .
• Iyo wakomeretse ahantu runaka ukava amaraso, bifasha mu kugenzura kuva amaraso binyuze mu kurema ibice by'amaraso .
• Umubiri wawe urwana cyane kugira ngo wirinde mikorobe na virusi.
• Amaraso kandi afasha gukuraho imyanda idakenewe yiyongera mu mubiri.
• Amaraso nayo ni ingenzi mu kugena ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wawe .

Ni ibihe bice bigize amaraso?

Mu magambo make, hari ibice bine by'ingenzi by'amaraso. Buri gice muri ibi gifite uruhare rwihariye.

1. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura

2. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru

3. Platelets

4. Amaraso

Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso na plasma bigize igice kinini cy'amaraso yawe. Iyo bihujwe, uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso na plaquettes bigize munsi ya 1% by'amaraso yawe. Hari igihe uruvange rw'ibi bibiri rwitwa 'buffy coat'.

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura (Erythrocytes) ni iki?

Noneho reka turebe izi selile zitukura, cyangwa nk'uko abaganga bazita, "Erythrocytes ." Amaraso yawe menshi, hafi 45%, agizwe n'izi selile zitukura.

• Izi selile zibona ibara ryazo ritukura ritandukanye na poroteyine yitwa hemoglobin. Iyi hemoglobin ifasha selile zitukura gutwara ogisijeni ku zindi selile kugira ngo zibone ingufu.
• Igitangaje ni uko izi selile zitukura zishobora no kwinjira mu mitsi mito cyane, imitsi, n'imitsi y'amaraso mu miyoboro y'amaraso yawe.
• Ariko izi selile zitukura zigira igihe gito cyo kubaho. Zimara iminsi igera kuri 120 kandi zigasimburwa n'izindi selile nshya.

Ni iki kibaho ku turemangingo tw’amaraso twera (leukocytes)?

Uturemangingo tw’amaraso, cyangwa `(Leukocytes),` tugize munsi ya 1% by’amaraso yawe. Ariko ni bo basirikare bakuru b’`(Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri)` bwawe. Iyo umwanzi nka virusi, bagiteri, cyangwa uturemangingo twa kanseri yibasiye umubiri, utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso ni two twihutira kuzibona no kuzirimbura. Uturemangingo tw’amaraso dushobora kandi kuva mu mitsi ijyana mu turemangingo. Hari ubwoko butanu bw’utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso:

• Neutrophils: Izi zica bagiteri n'ibihumyo, kandi zigakura imyanda hanze y'isi.
• Lymphocytes: Izi zirimo T-cells, uturemangingo tw’umwicanyi karemano, na B-cells. Zirinda indwara zandura virusi kandi zigakora uturemangingo two kurwanya indwara.
• Basophil: Izi zisubiza ibintu bishobora gutera allergie.
• Eosinofili: Shakisha kandi usenye udukoko n'uturemangingo twa kanseri, kandi ufashe basofili mu gusubiza allergie.
• Monocytes: Gushaka no kurimbura virusi, bagiteri, fungi, na protozoa. Binakuraho uturemangingo twangiritse.

Uruhare rw'udukoko twa platelets (Thrombocytes)

Iyo umwe mu mitsi yawe y'amaraso wangiritse ugatangira kuva amaraso, ikintu cya mbere kiza kugufasha ni izi platelets (thrombocytes). Platelets zikora uduce tw'amaraso, dufunga imitsi y'amaraso yangiritse kandi bigatuma amaraso menshi adasohoka mu mubiri.

• Ibi bigize munsi ya 1% by'amaraso yawe, ariko hari uduce duto tw'amaraso mu gitonyanga kimwe cy'amaraso yawe ibihumbi n'ibihumbi.
• Bitwa "platelets" bitewe n'uko bikora mu maraso. Platelets ni zo gice cyoroheje cy'amaraso. Zimeze nk'ibipande, zifatanye n'inkuta z'imitsi y'amaraso, aho plasma n'izindi selile z'amaraso zitembera.
• Platelets zifite poroteyine zifatana , nka Velcro®, zibafasha gufata imitsi y'amaraso yavunitse.

Plasma ni iki?

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, na plaquettes byose biri mu maraso. Plasma ni amazi y'umuhondo agize hafi 55% by'amaraso yawe. Plasma ni nk'ikintu gikora ibintu byinshi mu maraso yawe, gifasha umubiri wawe gukora ibintu byinshi. Dore bimwe mu bintu plasma ikora:

• Bifasha amaraso kubumbabumba no kurinda abayatera.
• Imisemburo itwara intungamubiri na poroteyine mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri kandi igafasha mu ihererekanya rya ogisijeni na dioxyde de carbone.
• Ikura imyanda mu turemangingo ikayijyana mu mwijima, mu bihaha no mu mpyiko kugira ngo ijugunywe.
• Bikomeza umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe n'ingendo z'amaraso.
• Igenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri binyuze mu kwinjiza no kurekura ubushyuhe.

Ubwoko bw'amaraso ni ubuhe?

Twese ntabwo dufite ubwoko bumwe bw'amaraso, sibyo? Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bw'amaraso. Ubwo bwoko buratandukanye bitewe n'uko hari antigen zimwe na zimwe mu maraso cyangwa ntazo. Antigens ni ibintu bituma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bukora. Kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cy'impanuka.

Amaraso akorwa he? Aherereye he mu mubiri?

Amaraso ni ikintu gitemba mu mubiri wawe wose. Ariko aya maraso atangira kwirema mu musemburo w'amagufwa yawe.Umwongo w'amagufwa urimo ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo twitwa uturemangingo. Utu turemangingo dutera utunyangingo tugera kuri tiriyari, harimo n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso turakura kandi tugakura mu mwongo w'amagufwa mbere yuko dushyirwa mu miyoboro y'amaraso. Ntabwo ari igitangaza? Amaraso agize hafi 8% by'uburemere bw'umubiri wawe .

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kwibasira amaraso?

Ikibabaje ni uko amaraso yacu ashobora no kurwara indwara zitandukanye. Hari amatsinda atatu y’ingenzi y’indwara zigira ingaruka ku maraso: kanseri y’amaraso, indwara zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’amaraso (indwara z’amaraso), na atherosclerosis, indwara ifata uturemangingo tw’umutima n’imitsi. Muri zo, kanseri y’amaraso n’indwara z’amaraso ni zo zigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’amaraso cyane.

Kanseri z'amaraso

Kanseri y'amaraso ibaho iyo hari ikintu kibangamiye inzira yo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu mubiri wawe. Ku muntu urwaye kanseri y'amaraso, uturemangingo tw'amaraso tudasanzwe turakura kandi tugakuramo uturemangingo tw'amaraso tumeze neza kandi dusanzwe. Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwa kanseri y'amaraso:

• Leukemia: Iyi ni yo kanseri y'amaraso ikunze kugaragara cyane.
• Lymphoma: Iyi ni kanseri y’urusobe rw’amaraso. Umwongo w’amagufwa yawe, utuma uturemangingo tw’amaraso, nawo ni kimwe mu bigize urusobe rw’amaraso.
• Myeloma: Ibi bitangirira mu musokoro w'amagufwa kandi bigira ingaruka ku turemangingo twa plasma.

Izindi ndwara z'amaraso

Izi si indwara ziterwa na kanseri, ariko zishobora gutuma ibice bitandukanye by'amaraso yawe bidakora neza. Muri zo harimo kubura amaraso, indwara zo kuvura amaraso, n'indwara zo kuva amaraso.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaraso zishobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso kandi zishobora kudakenera kuvurwa. Izindi ni indwara "zidakira" z'ubuzima bwose zikenera kuvurwa, ariko akenshi ntizigira ingaruka ku gihe umuntu azamara. Ariko, zimwe mu ndwara z'amaraso ni mbi cyane kandi zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Abaganga bavura izi ndwara z'amaraso bagenzura ibimenyetso no kuvura impamvu nyamukuru.

Indwara zo kubura amaraso

Anemia ni indwara ikunze kugaragara mu maraso itari kanseri. Ibaho iyo umubiri wawe udafite uturemangingo dutukura duhagije. Hari abantu bashobora kugira anemia igaragara mu muryango wabo, ariko ishobora no kugaragara mu gihe cy'ubuzima bwabo. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa anemia. Zimwe muri zo zikunze kugaragara ni izi:

• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri kubera kubura icyuma
• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri (anemia)
• Anemia y'uturemangingo tw'umutsima

Indwara zo kugabanya amaraso

Indwara yo kuvura amaraso igira ingaruka ku miterere y'amaraso yawe cyangwa ku miterere y'amaraso. Imiterere y'amaraso ni poroteyine mu maraso yawe zifasha imiterere y'amaraso mu kugenzura kuva amaraso. Ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kuvura amaraso mu gihe cy'ubuzima, cyangwa ukakirana nacyo binyuze mu busembwa bw'uturemangingo.

Impinduka mu mikorere ya gene ya Prothrombin na Factor V Leiden syndrome ni ingero z'indwara zo kuvura amaraso mu buryo bw'umubiri. Indwara ya Antiphospholipide (APS) na disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) ni ingero z'indwara zo kuvura amaraso mu buryo bw'umubiri nyuma y'uko amaraso atangiye kuvura.

Indwara zo kuva amaraso

Indwara zo kuva amaraso ziba iyo amaraso yawe adafashe neza. Ibi bishobora gutuma uva amaraso menshi kurusha uko bisanzwe. Indwara ya Von Willebrand ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Hemophilia ni indi ndwara idakunze kugaragara, ivukanwa.

Amaraso yawe ni umutungo w'agaciro gakomeye. Ahora yita ku mubiri wawe, agafasha byose gukora neza.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane dushobora kwigira kuri ibi byose (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Amaraso yawe ni meza cyane, si byo se? Ajyana umwuka wa ogisijeni mu turemangingo twawe kugira ngo akore ingufu. Arinda umubiri wawe abanzi bo hanze. Agenzura kuva amaraso iyo ukomeretse. Ushobora kwita ku maraso yawe, ariko rimwe na rimwe ntushobora kwirinda indwara zigira ingaruka ku maraso. Ku bw'amahirwe, abaganga muri iki gihe bashobora kuvura indwara nyinshi zikomeye z'amaraso, harimo na leukemia n'izindi ndwara z'amaraso. Kubwibyo, niba ubonye impinduka mu maraso yawe cyangwa ibimenyetso bidasanzwe, ni byiza gushaka inama z'abaganga ako kanya. Kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza, ni ngombwa kumenya aya mazi atangaje ari mu mibiri yacu.

Amaraso , amaraso, uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo twera, plaquettes, plasma, indwara z'amaraso