Ese ujya ugira uburibwe, uduheri, n'amaso atukura kandi afite amazi iyo ukore ku mukungugu, ugiye hanze mu bukonje, cyangwa uriye ikintu? Hari igihe uhura n'ingorane zo guhumeka? Akenshi tubyita 'allergie'. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga ku muntu w'ingenzi uri inyuma y'iyi allergie. Ni histamine. Ushobora kuba warumvise iri zina kwa muganga cyangwa ku izina ry'umuti ufata kuri allergie yawe. Reka turebe icyo histamine ari cyo n'icyo bigira ku mubiri.
Mu magambo make, iyi histamine ni nde?
Tekereza ku mubiri wacu nk'igihugu kirinzwe neza. Nubwo umuntu w’umunyamahanga yakwinjira muri iki gihugu, ndetse n’ikintu kitagize ingaruka ku mubiri wacu (urugero, agace gato k’umukungugu, indabyo, cyangwa ibiryo nk’ifi), ubwirinzi bwacu (ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri) rimwe na rimwe bukibeshya ko ari umwanzi.
Muri icyo gihe, uturemangingo turi mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu dusohora imiti kugira ngo tuvugire n'izindi selile, twoherereze ubutumwa. Ni nk'ubutumwa bw'umuburo bugira buti: "Dore umwanzi araje, kora vuba!" Iyo ntumwa yitwa histamine.
Iyi shimi yitwa histamine ibikwa mu mibiri yacu cyane cyane mu bwoko bubiri bw'uturemangingo.
1. Uturemangingo twa Mast: Utu ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera tuboneka mu bice by'umubiri wacu. Dukunze kuboneka cyane cyane munsi y'uruhu, hafi y'imiyoboro y'amaraso n'imiyoboro ya lymph, mu mitsi, mu bihaha no mu mara.
2. Basophil: Ubu ni ubundi bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera tuboneka mu maraso.
Iyo ikintu kibi kigeze ku mubiri, utwo turemangingo dusohora histamine, bigatera ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bw'ubwivumbure. Ubusanzwe, ibi bimenyetso biba mu gice kimwe cy'umubiri, ariko rimwe na rimwe ibi bishobora kuba bikomeye cyane . Tubyita anaphylaxis . Iki ni ikibazo cyihutirwa kigira ingaruka ku mubiri wose ndetse gishobora no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.
Ni iki histamine ikora mu mubiri? Ibi ni ibiki ku birebana na receptors?
Histamine si umuntu mubi gusa utera allergie. Ikora imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi mu mubiri. Icyo histamine ikora mu mubiri giterwa n'agakoresho gafata. Nk'uko urufunguzo rumwe rushobora gufungura inzugi nyinshi, icyumba winjiriramo kizatandukana bitewe n'urugi ufunguye. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumbuye ubwoko bune bwa histamine receptors.
Reka turebe ibi kugira ngo tubisobanukirwe neza.
| Ubwoko bwa Receptor | Ahantu hakuru | Bigenda bite iyo ifunguwe? |
|---|---|---|
| Uwakira H1 | Mu mubiri wose, cyane cyane mu turemangingo tw’imitsi, inzira z’ubuhumekero, n’uturemangingo tw’imitsi yoroshye mu mitsi y’amaraso. |
|
| Umwakirizi wa H2 | Cyane cyane mu turemangingo dukora aside mu gifu, mu turemangingo tw’imitsi igenda neza, no mu turemangingo tw’umutima. | |
| Umukiriya wa H3 | Mu tunyangingo tw’imitsi yo mu bwonko (ubwonko). | |
| Umwakirizi wa H4 | Mu musokoro w'amagufwa no mu turemangingo tudakuze tuba uturemangingo tw'amaraso. |
Urabyumva? Ibyo bivuze ko nubwo dutekereza ko ari allergie, histamine igira uruhare rwihishwa mu bintu byinshi mu mubiri wacu, nko gusinzira, kwibuka, kwiga, no kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri.
Ni izihe ndwara z'ingenzi zishobora guterwa na histamine?
Indwara zo kugira ubwivumbure ziterwa ahanini n'imikorere ya histamine yo mu bwoko bwa messenger. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:
- Dermatitis itera indwara y’uruhu (izwi kandi nka eczema): Indwara ituma uruhu rwumuka, rugatukura, rukaryana, kandi rukaryana cyane, akenshi rwitwa 'eczema'.
- Dermatitis yo mu bwoko bwa "contact dermatitis": Allergie ibaho iyo ikintu kigize ikibazo ku ruhu. Urugero, impumuro nziza zikozwe mu nganda, ibyuma bimwe na bimwe (nk'ibinini bya nikeli), n'ibindi bikingira.
- Indwara ya rhinitis iterwa n'ubwivumbure bw'umubiri (izwi kandi nka fever y'ibyatsi): Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara ku bantu benshi. Iterwa n'ibintu nk'umukungugu, impongo, uruhu rw'amatungo, n'udukoko two mu ivumbi, bigatuma amazuru asohoka, amazuru asohoka, n'izuru rifunganye.
- Asima iterwa n'ubwivumbure: Impamvu zimwe n'izavuzwe haruguru, ariko hano inzira z'ubuhumekero ziragabanuka, bigatera ingorane zo guhumeka no guhumeka.
- Indwara ya allergic conjunctivitis: Indwara aho conjunctiva y'amaso ibyimba, igatukura, igakururuka, kandi ikagira amazi bitewe n'ibintu bitera allergy.
Kutorohera Histamine ni iki?
Ibi biratandukanye gato. Hari igihe urugero rwa histamine mu mubiri wacu rurushaho kuba rwinshi. Ibi biterwa nuko umubiri udashobora gusenya histamine neza. Iyo ibi bibaye, ibimenyetso bitandukanye bishobora kubaho.
- Kuribwa umutwe cyangwa migraine
- Kuziba izuru
- Buri gihe unaniwe
- Udukoko tw'imitsi
- Ibibazo by'igogora
- Ukwezi kw'abagore kutumvikana neza
Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso buri gihe, ni ngombwa kubonana na muganga ukaganira kuri byo.
None se iyi histamine wayigenzura ute?
Hari uburyo butandukanye abaganga basaba bwo kugabanya ububabare buterwa na histamine. Ubu ni bwo bugaruka mu mutwe iyo wumvise ijambo "allergie medicine".
- Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa H1: Iyi ni yo miti dusanzwe tuzi nka 'ibinini byo kuvura allergie'. Ikora mu kuziba za receptors za H1 zavuzwe haruguru. Ibi birinda histamine gufatana na za receptors bigatuma habaho uburyaryate n'imitsi. Iyi miti iza mu buryo butandukanye, harimo ibinini, sirupe, amavuta yo kwisiga, n'ibitonyanga by'amaso. Imwe muri yo ishobora gufatwa nta muganga wanditse, ariko ni byiza kubaza muganga wawe umuti ukubereye.
- Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa H2: Iyi ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku bibazo byo mu gifu. Itangwa ku ndwara nka gastritis, indwara ya gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), no kutagira impumuro nziza mu gifu (dyspepsia). Ikora mu kuziba uturemangingo twa H2 mu gifu dukora aside.
- Corticosteroids: Tuyita 'steroids'. Bifasha kugabanya ububyimbirwe buterwa na histamine. Urugero, imiti myinshi ikoreshwa mu kurwanya asima ikubiyemo iyi miti ya steroid.
- Inshinge za Epinephrine: Ni ingenzi cyane. Uru rushinge rutangwa mu buryo bwihutirwa mu bihe bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, nko kugira ubwivumbure bukomeye, cyangwa kurwara indwara ya anaphylaxis. Rufungura vuba inzira z'ubuhumekero kandi rugasubiza umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mubiri.
- Ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwagaragaje ko vitamine zimwe na zimwe, nka vitamine C, umuringa, na vitamine B6, zishobora gufasha kugabanya urugero rwa histamine mu mubiri. Ariko, ntugafate imwe muri izi nyongeramusaruro utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe.
Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?
Niba ufite ubwivumbure bw'ibihe cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure ku kintu runaka, cyane cyane niba bibangamira imirimo yawe ya buri munsi, ni ngombwa kubonana na muganga. Muganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini kugira ngo amenye neza icyo urwaye ubwivumbure kandi aguhe inama yo kuvura neza. Nanone, vugana na muganga wawe ku bimenyetso byose by'ubwivumbure bwa histamine byavuzwe haruguru.
Nubwo histamine ari ingenzi ku mikorere isanzwe y'umubiri wacu, rimwe na rimwe iyo ikoze cyane, ishobora kuduteza ibibazo byinshi. Kubwibyo, nta mpamvu yo kubabara nk'uko. Izi ndwara zishobora kugenzurwa neza no gushaka inama zikwiye kwa muganga.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Histamine ni ubutumwa karemano bw'ibinyabutabire butangwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu.
- Histamine ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera ibimenyetso byinshi by’ubwivumbure, nko kurira, kwitsamura, no kuziba izuru.
- Histamine ifatana na za receptor zitwa H1, H2, H3, na H4 ziherereye mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri kandi zigakora imirimo itandukanye.
- Imiti nka antihistamines ishobora kubuza histamine gukora no kugenzura ibimenyetso by'ubwivumbure.
- Niba ibimenyetso byawe by’ubwivumbure bikomeye cyangwa bikabangamira ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga kugira ngo akugire inama kandi akuvure neza.
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