Ni ibisanzwe kumva uremerewe kandi uhangayitse iyo umwana wawe asanzwe afite indwara ya Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Ushobora kuba ufite ibibazo byinshi mu mutwe wawe, urugero nka "Nkore iki ubu?" "Ejo hazaza h'umwana wanjye hazaba hameze gute?" Ariko ntugahangayike. Icy'ingenzi ni uko utari wenyine, kandi hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha aba bana guteza imbere ubushobozi bwabo, gucunga ibimenyetso byabo, no kubaho ubuzima bwiza.
Indwara ya Autism si indwara ikwiranye n’abantu bose. Imeze nk’indwara y’umugongo. Ibi bivuze ko abana bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyane, abandi bakaba bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye kurushaho. Kubwibyo, uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura umwana umwe bushobora kuba budakwiye undi. Ubuvuzi butoranywa hashingiwe ku byo umwana wawe akeneye ku giti cye, imbogamizi ze, n’imbaraga ze. Intego nyamukuru y’ubu buryo bwose bwo kuvura ni ukugabanya ibimenyetso by’umwana wawe no kumushyigikira cyane mu myigire ye no mu mikurire ye muri rusange.
Uburyo bwo kuvura bunoza imyitwarire n'itumanaho
Ubu ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi kandi bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura indwara ya autism. Bagerageza kunoza ubuhanga bw'umwana mu mibanire n'abandi, ubuhanga bwo kuvugana n'abandi, ndetse n'imyitwarire ye.
Isesengura ry'Imyitwarire Ikoreshwa (ABA)
Ubu buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu mashuri no mu mavuriro. Muri make, bufasha kongera imyitwarire myiza y'umwana no kugabanya imyitwarire mibi . Ubu buryo bushobora guteza imbere ubumenyi butandukanye, kandi hari ingamba zitandukanye zishobora gukoreshwa bitewe n'ibyo umwana akeneye.
- Imyitozo yo mu byiciro by’igerageza (DTT): Ibi bikubiyemo guteza imbere ubumenyi binyuze mu masomo yoroshye no gukomeza umwana mu buryo bwiza iyo akoze ikintu neza.
- Imyitozo y'ingenzi yo gusubiza ibibazo (PRT): Intego y'ibi ni ugushishikariza umwana kwiga no kuvugana n'abandi.
- Uburyo bwo Kwita ku Myifatire mu Gihe cya Mbere (EIBI): Ubu buryo ni bwo bwiza cyane ku bana bato bari munsi y'imyaka 5.
- Uburyo bwo Kwita ku Myifatire mu Mivugo (VBI): Ibi byibanda cyane cyane ku guteza imbere ururimi rw'umwana n'ubushobozi bwe bwo kuvuga.
| Uburyo bwo kuvura | Mu magambo make ... |
|---|---|
| Igihe cyo hasi (imiterere ya DIR) | Muri ibi, ababyeyi bicara hasi hamwe n'umwana wabo bagakina imikino akunda. Intego ni ukwinjira mu isi y'umwana no gukina na we, bateza imbere amarangamutima ye n'ubuhanga bwo kuvugana. |
| Uburyo bwo KWIGISHA | Ubu ni uburyo bushingiye ku bimenyetso bigaragara. Urugero, amakarita y'amashusho akoreshwa mu kwigisha imirimo ya buri munsi intambwe ku yindi, nko kwambara ikanzu. |
| PECS (Sisitemu yo Guhanahana Amashusho) | Ubu kandi ni uburyo bwo gukoresha amashusho. Ariko hano, aho gukoresha amashusho, hakoreshwa ibimenyetso byihariye. Binyuze muri ibi bimenyetso, umwana yiga kubaza ibibazo no gusaba icyo ashaka. |
| Ubuvuzi bw'akazi | Ubu buvuzi bwigisha umwana ubuhanga mu mibereho ye nko kurya, kwambara no kwiyuhagira wenyine. Intego ni ugufasha umwana kubaho mu buryo bwigenga uko bishoboka kose. |
| Ubuvuzi bwo guhuza imikorere y'amatwi | Hari abana badakunda amatara yaka cyane, amajwi amwe n'amwe, cyangwa gukorwaho, kandi bagira impungenge. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bubafasha guhangana no kwihanganira amakuru nk'ayo y'ibyumviro. |
Inkunga ituruka ku miti
Ikintu cya mbere ugomba kwibuka ni uko nta muti uhari wo kuvura indwara ya autism, kandi nta muti wihariye uhari wo kuvura indwara ya autism.
None se, kuki abaganga batanga imiti? Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibindi bibazo bishobora guterwa na autism. Urugero, uburakari bukabije n'imyitwarire mibi abana bamwe bagira, kudasinzira, nibindi.Imiti ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura indwara nko kudasobanukirwa neza, gucika intege, cyangwa kwiheba.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibisubizo birushaho kugira ingaruka nziza iyo imiti itanzwe hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire bwavuzwe haruguru.
Kugeza ubu, FDA muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yemeje ubwoko bubiri gusa bw'imiti ihabwa abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.
1. Risperidone (Risperdal): Iyi itangwa kugira ngo igabanye uburakari n'ubukana bukabije ku bana bari hagati y'imyaka 5 na 16.
2. Aripiprazole (Abilify): Uyu muti ushobora guhabwa abana bari hagati y'imyaka 6 na 17.
Uretse ibi, hari igihe abaganga bashobora gutanga indi miti (urugero: SSRIs, imiti igabanya ububabare), ariko ntiyemerewe by’umwihariko indwara ya autisme.
Kubwibyo rero, icy'ingenzi ni uko umuganga wawe ari we wenyine ugomba gufata icyemezo niba umwana wawe akeneye imiti, kandi niba ari yo, icyo agomba kumuha. Ntuzigere uha umwana wawe imiti iyo ari yo yose nta nama za muganga.
Tujye twitondera imirire
Impuguke ntizasabye abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe kurya indyo yihariye, ariko ni ingenzi cyane ko umwana ahabwa indyo ikwiye.
Hari ababyeyi bagerageza gukuraho ibikomoka ku ngano birimo gluten n'ibikomoka ku mata birimo casein mu mirire y'abana babo kugira ngo barebe niba ibimenyetso byabyo birushaho kumera neza. Nyamara, nta bushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwagaragaje ko gukuraho ibi biribwa bitanga umusaruro ugaragara ku bimenyetso bya autisme.
Mu by’ukuri, kugabanya ibintu nk’amata bishobora kubuza umwana intungamubiri zikenewe kugira ngo amagufwa ye akure neza kandi bigatuma amagufwa ye adakomera. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bakunda kugira amagufwa yoroshye gato ugereranyije n’abana basanzwe, bityo ni ngombwa kubaha ibiryo bikungahaye kuri kalisiyumu, ikomeza amagufwa.
Kubwibyo, ni byiza kugisha inama inzobere mu by'imirire cyangwa inzobere mu mirire kugira ngo ushyireho gahunda y'ifunguro ryiza rijyanye n'ibyo umwana wawe akeneye. Hanyuma ushobora kwemeza ko umwana wawe abona intungamubiri zose akeneye.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya autite si indwara, ahubwo ni indwara ishobora gukemurwa no kuvurwa. Ntugahangayike, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gufasha umwana wawe.
- Buri mwana aratandukanye, bityo gahunda yo kuvura izatandukana bitewe n'umwana. Vugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo uhitemo ikibereye umwana wawe.
- Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imyitwarire n'itumanaho ni bwo buryo bwo kuvura. Ubu buryo butanga ubufasha bukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubuhanga bw'umwana.
- Nta muti wihariye uvura indwara ya autisme. Imiti itangwa gusa kugira ngo igabanye ibindi bimenyetso bifitanye isano (nk'uburakari, kubura ibitotsi). Ntugatange umuti uwo ari wo wose utabanje kugirwa inama na muganga.
- Ntukagerageze indyo idafite gluten (nk'iy'ibiribwa bidafite gluten). Vugana na muganga wawe cyangwa inzobere mu mirire ku bijyanye n'indyo yuzuye.
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