Ese wigeze wumva ibijyanye na fMRI, ishobora kureba uko ubwonko bwawe bukora? (MRI ikora)

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko bwacu bikora n'uko bifatana? Hari igihe, cyane cyane mbere yo gukora ikintu nko kubaga ubwonko, abaganga baba bashaka kumenya neza ibice by'ubwonko bikora akazi k'ingenzi cyane n'ibice bishobora kwangirika mu gihe byangiritse. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku isuzuma ryihariye rikoreshwa mu bihe nk'ibi kandi rigashobora guhishura amabanga amwe n'amwe ari mu bwonko.

FMRI ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, ikoranabuhanga rya Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) ni uburyo bwo gupima imikorere y'ibice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko bwacu, ni ukuvuga ingano y'ibyo bice bikora mu gihe runaka. Ushobora kuba warumvise MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) . Bikubiyemo kwinjira mu mashini nini kandi izengurutse. Ikoresha imbaraga zikomeye cyane za rukuruzi, imiraba ya radiyo, n'ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa kugira ngo ifate amashusho meza cyane y'imbere mu mubiri wacu. Igice cyiza ni uko idakoresha imirasire nka X-ray. Rero nta mpamvu yo guhangayikishwa n'ikwirakwizwa ry'imirasire.

Ubu, iyi scan ya fMRI ikorwa hakoreshejwe imashini imwe isanzwe ya MRI. Ariko ikidasanzwe kuri iyi ni uko ishobora kugenzura uko amaraso atembera mu bice bitandukanye by'ubwonko bwawe. Tekereza nawe, iyo uturemangingo tw'ubwonko bwacu dukora, tuba dukeneye ogisijeni nyinshi. Hanyuma iyo ogisijeni itwarwa n'amaraso. Rero, ahantu hari amaraso menshi niho hakora cyane mu bwonko. Utwo duce tugaragara neza muri scan ya fMRI. Urabyumva uko bigenda?

Isuzuma rya fMRI rikoreshwa iki?

Mu gupima urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso n'imikorere yayo mu bice bitandukanye by'ubwonko bwawe, abaganga bashobora kumenya igice cy'ubwonko bwawe kigenzura imikorere cyangwa ubushobozi runaka. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gihe utegura kubagwa ubwonko cyangwa ubundi buryo bw'ubuvuzi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko. Tekereza ko ukeneye kubagwa igice runaka cy'ubwonko bwawe. Hanyuma umuganga w'imitsi ashobora gukoresha iyi fMRI mu gutegura kubagwa. Ishobora kandi kubona neza ibice by'ubwonko bikora imirimo y'ingenzi kandi bigomba kutagira icyo bihungabanya . Iyi fMRI scan ishobora gukorwa ku bantu bakuru ndetse no ku bana bato.

Urugero, imitsi igenzurwa n'agace runaka mu gice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko bwacu. Iyo usabye umuntu gukomanga intoki zawe mu gihe cyo gupima fMRI, isuzuma rizagaragaza ibice by'ubwonko bigira uruhare muri icyo gikorwa. Umuganga w'imitsi amenya gukora nta kubyangiza.

Dore zimwe mu mimerere cyangwa uburyo bw'ubuvuzi bushobora gusaba gahunda nk'iyi:

• Indwara y'igicuri:Niba igicuri kidagenzurwa n'imiti cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, kubagwa ubwonko (kubagwa igicuri) bishobora kuba ngombwa.
• Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko: Bishobora kuba ngombwa kubagwa kugira ngo hakurweho ubwoko bwose bw'ibibyimba, byaba ibya kanseri cyangwa ibitari bibi.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imirasire ku bwonko: Ubuvuzi bw'imirasire bushobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara nyinshi zo mu bwonko, nka kanseri n'ibibazo by'imitsi igenda itembera mu bwonko.
• Gusuzuma nyuma yo kuvurwa: Iyi scan ifasha kandi kureba niba hari impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko nyuma yo kuvurwa runaka.

Byongeye kandi, abashakashatsi barimo gusuzuma izindi ngaruka za fMRI. Urugero, hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu bintu nka biofeedback therapy .

Gupima fMRI bikunze kugaragara gute?

Kubera ko inyungu z'ubuvuzi zo gupima fMRI ari nke, ntabwo zikunze kugaragara cyane mu bigo by'ubuvuzi. Ibitaro bito cyangwa ibigo nderabuzima bishobora kutagira ibikoresho byo gupima fMRI. Niba ubyifuza, ushobora kujya mu kigo kinini cy'ubuvuzi.

Ni gute nitegura iyi scan?

Ku munsi wo gusuzuma fMRI, ntugomba kunywa ikintu cyose kirimo kafeyine , kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo bya fMRI. Niba urimo gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose, muganga wawe azakugira inama y'uko wayifata (n'igihe wayihagarika) mbere yo kuyisuzuma.

Kimwe na MRI scan isanzwe, fMRI scan ikoresha magneti ikomeye cyane. Iyi magneti irakomeye cyane ku buryo ishobora kwangiza ibintu bimwe na bimwe kandi igakurura vuba ibintu bya magneti. Ndetse n'ibintu bisanzwe by'icyuma bishobora guteza akaga hafi y'imashini ya MRI.

Kubwibyo, imyenda wambara, imitako ukoresha, n'udupira tw'imisatsi ukoresha ntibigomba kugira ibice by'icyuma. Ibi ntibireba gusa ibyuma bifite ubushobozi bwa rukuruzi, ahubwo binareba n'ubundi bwoko bwose bw'ibyuma. Kuko n'ibyuma bitari rukuruzi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo scan igaragara neza.

Ibintu udakwiye kuzana cyangwa kwambara mu mashini ya MRI

• Imitako, amasaha, amakarita ya banki n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi .
• Udupira, udupira tw'icyuma, udupira tw'umuringa dupfundikiye, n'udupira tw'icyuma (ibi bishobora guhindura ishusho ya MRI).
• Amenyo y'amenyo ashobora gukurwaho .
• Amakaramu, ibyuma byo mu mufuka cyangwa ibikoresho byinshi .
• Gutobora umubiri .
• Terefone zigendanwa, amasaha y'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho byo gukurikirana .

Nta gushidikanya ko hari icyo nabwira muganga !

Niba ufite imwe muri izi ndwara zikurikira, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga wawe mbere yo gukora MRI:

• Akamashini gafasha umutima gutera umutima gutera neza cyangwa gafasha umutima gutera neza .
• Ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki cyangwa byashyizwemo. Ingero zirimo: ibikangura ubwonko bwimbitse , ibikangura imitsi yo mu nda , ibikangura uruhago rw'inkari, ibikangura uruti rw'umugongo, ibikangura ubwonko , n'amashanyarazi cyangwa insinga byashyizwemo.
• Ingingo zo gusimbuza .
• Implants za Cochlear cyangwa izindi implants zo mu matwi.
• Imashini zitera imiti zishyirwamo . Urugero: izitanga imiti igabanya ububabare, izitanga imiti igabanya imitsi idakomera (spasticity) .
• Ama-shunt ashobora gutegurwa .
• Udupira n'imirongo bya Aneurysm .
• Amassente atari mu mutima.
• Akayunguruzo, urugero nk'akayunguruzo k'amaraso.
• Uduce tw'icyuma twafashe mu mubiri wawe cyangwa mu maso yawe. Urugero: amasasu, uduce tw'icyuma , uduce tw'icyuma cyangwa ifu.
• Igikoresho cyo kugenzura isukari ihoraho (CGM) .
• Pompe ya insuline .
• Agace k'imiti ufata ahantu runaka ku mubiri wawe.

Nanone, ugomba kubwira muganga wawe ibi bintu mbere yo gusuzuma fMRI:

• Niba utwite cyangwa utekereza ko ushobora kuba utwite.
• Niba hari impamvu ituma udashobora kuryama ugaramye mu kizamini cyose.
• Niba ufite ubwoba bwo gufunga (ni ukuvuga ubwoba bwo kuba ahantu hafunganye). Tekereza ko utinya kuba uri mu cyumba gito. Niba ufite ubwo bwoba, ushobora kumva utameze neza iyo winjiye muri iyo mashini. Niyo mpamvu ugomba kubimenyesha muganga mbere y'igihe.

Niba ufite ikibazo cyo gutinya gucika intege (claustrophobia), muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gufata imiti igabanya ububabare mu gihe cyo gupimwa cyangwa mbere gato y’uko ufatwa. Ibi bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’umuntu ku wundi, bityo rero niba wumva uhangayitse mu gihe cyo gupimwa fMRI, baza muganga wawe niba ushobora gufata imiti yo kuyikoresha.

Ndetse n'abana bato bashobora gupimwa fMRI, ariko bashobora gukenera guhabwa imiti yo kubaruhura. Muganga w'umwana wawe ashobora kugusobanurira amahitamo n'ibyo bakugira inama.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo gupima fMRI?

Gupima fMRI bikorwa nk'uko MRI isanzwe ibikora. Mu gihe cyo gupima, uryamye ku buriri hanyuma igitanda kikajyanwa kuri mashini ya MRI. Akenshi, fMRI ikoresha scanner ya MRI isanzwe ifite ishusho y'uruziga. Ibi biterwa nuko magnet iri muri mashini ya MRI ifunguye akenshi iba idakomeye cyane.

Mu gihe cyo gupima fMRI, umutwe wawe ushyirwa mu gikoresho cyihariye gisa n'ingofero cyitwa umutwe . Iyi coil ifasha kubona amashusho asobanutse neza. Ugomba kandi kwambara ecouteur zihariye zikuraho amajwi kugira ngo uzibire urusaku ruturuka kuri mashini ya MRI. Izi ecouteur zifite ikindi cyiza. Abakora mu buvuzi, nka abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga rya MRI cyangwa abahanga mu by'imirasire, bashobora kuvugana nawe bakaguha amabwiriza mu gihe cyo gupima.

Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya MRI isanzwe na fMRI ni ibikorwa . Mu gihe cyo gupima fMRI, abakozi b'ubuzima bagusaba kuvuga, kuzunguza urutoki rwawe, cyangwa gukora ikintu nk'icyo. Mu gihe ubikora, fMRI igenzura imigendere y'amaraso yawe kugira ngo irebe ibice by'ubwonko bwawe bikora cyane. Hanyuma ibigereranya n'ibyo wakoraga icyo gihe. Uko ni ko "bashushanya" ibice by'ubwonko bwawe, bamenya ibirimo kuba.

Iyi mirimo ishobora gukorwa mu buryo bubiri:

• Sisitemu yo guhagarika: Muri iyi sisitemu, uhabwa igihe gito cyo gukora igikorwa, hanyuma ugakurikirwa n'igihe gito cyo kuruhuka. Ibi bihe byitwa blocks.
• Sisitemu y'ibikorwa: Ibi bikubiyemo gukora imirimo myinshi yikurikiranya nta kuruhuka.

Muganga wawe ashobora gushaka gukora igice cya fMRI nk'isuzuma rya "resting state" . Muri iki gihe, uryama gusa muri scanner (muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gufungura amaso cyangwa gufunga). Ibi bituma umuganga abona kandi agapima itandukaniro riri mu mikorere y'ubwonko bwawe hagati y'igihe uruhuka n'igihe uri maso.

Ese ukora fMRI ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gupima itandukaniro? (MRI ikora hamwe n'uburyo bwo gupima itandukaniro)

Kimwe no gupima MRI bisanzwe, gupima fMRI rimwe na rimwe bishobora gukoresha ibintu bitandukanye birimo gadolinium . Iyi gadolinium iterwa mu mitsi (IV) (ni ukuvuga binyuze mu mitsi imwe) kugira ngo igufashe mu bizamini bimwe na bimwe. Igufasha kubona neza imiterere imwe n'imwe mu mubiri wawe cyangwa mu bwonko.

Gupima fMRI bifata igihe kingana iki?

Ubusanzwe gusuzuma fMRI bifata isaha imwe. Bishobora gufata igihe kirekire kurushaho iyo muganga akeneye amakuru menshi yo gusesengura, cyangwa niba akeneye gukora ubundi bwoko bwa MRI scan hamwe na fMRI.

Ni iki kizabaho nyuma y'iki kizamini?

Ushobora gutaha vuba vuba nyuma yo gupima fMRI. Ariko, niba warahawe imiti yo guhangayika mu gihe cyo gupima fMRI, umuntu azakenera kugutwara mu modoka. Inzobere mu by'imirasire izasuzuma scan, iyisesengure, hanyuma ikubwire ibisubizo, ndetse na muganga wagutumye gupima (urugero , inzobere mu by'imitsi cyangwa umuganga w'imitsi) .

Ni izihe nyungu za fMRI?

fMRI ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gutegura mbere yo kubagwa . Ituma abaganga b'imitsi basobanukirwa neza uburyo imiterere itandukanye y'ubwonko ikora. Ibi bituma babaga batagize uruhare mu kwangiza ibice by'ingenzi by'ubwonko, bigabanya ibyago byo gutakaza imikorere y'ibyo bice.

Hari ibindi bizamini bishobora gufasha mu igenamigambi, ariko fMRI ubusanzwe ni amahitamo meza. Kubera ko ibindi bizamini akenshi biba ari byinshi cyane , bisaba imiti ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi, cyangwa idahuje neza no gushushanya ibice by'ubwonko bihari.

Ese hari ingaruka cyangwa ingaruka mbi kuri fMRI?

Ugereranyije n'ibindi bizamini, fMRI ifite ingaruka mbi nyinshi. Ingaruka mbi cyane ni isano iri hagati y'igihe cyo gusuzuma fMRI n'umuvuduko w'ibikorwa by'ubwonko bwacu. Tekereza gufata ifoto y'umuntu wiruka cyane. Ugereranyije n'umuvuduko w'ubwonko, umuvuduko fMRI ikusanya amakuru ugenda buhoro. Ni ukuvuga ko ibikorwa by'ubwonko bishobora guhindukaho milisegonda icumi mu isegonda, ariko fMRI ishobora gufata gusa ibiba uko byagenda kose. Kubwibyo, impinduka zigaragara cyane kandi zihuse zishobora kubura.

Ingaruka za fMRI ni nke cyane. Zisa n'iza MRI isanzwe. Ingaruka mbi za gadolinium contrast nazo ni nke cyane. Impungenge nyamukuru ni umutekano w'icyuma. Ugomba gukurikiza amabwiriza yose atangwa na muganga wawe n'abakozi bo kwa muganga ku bijyanye n'umutekano w'icyuma. Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose, ntutinye kubabaza.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya EEG na fMRI?

Electroencephalogram (EEG) ni ikizamini gipima kandi kigafata amajwi y'imikorere y'ubwonko bwawe. Imashini ya EEG yerekana ibikorwa by'ubwonko bwawe nk'urukurikirane rw'imiraba ku mpapuro cyangwa ku gikoresho cyo kuri interineti. Nubwo byombi byandika amakuru amwe, fMRI irabyerekana nk'ishusho.

None se, ni ubuhe butumwa dukwiye kwibuka muri ibi?

FMRI ni ikoranabuhanga rishya. Nubwo imaze imyaka irenga 30, yafunguye ubumenyi bushya ku mikorere y'ubwonko. Muri iki gihe, ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gushushanya imikorere y'ubwonko no kwerekana ibice by'ubwonko bikora mu mirimo cyangwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Byaba ari isuzuma rya fMRI kuri wowe cyangwa umwana wawe, ubu buryo bwo gupima bufasha abaganga b'imitsi gutegura ibikorwa byabo batagize uruhare mu kwangiza ibice byinshi by'ingenzi bishoboka. Rero, niba ugiye gukora iki kizamini, ntutinye kandi ukurikize amabwiriza ya muganga.

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