Reka tumenye neza icyo Pap smear ari cyo n'impamvu ari ingenzi ku buzima bwawe.

Ushobora kuba warumvise ibyerekeye "Pap smear" cyangwa Pap test. Birashoboka ko muganga yanakubwiye kuyipima. Mu by'ukuri ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane ku bagore benshi, cyane cyane iyo bigeze ku buzima bw'imyororokere. Nubwo abantu benshi babibona nk'aho biteye ubwoba kandi bitabashimishije, inyungu zabyo ni nyinshi. Rero, uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri iki kizamini cya Pap mu buryo burambuye, mu buryo bworoshye, kandi mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Kwipimisha ubwandu bw'igifu (Pap smear) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ikizamini cya Pap ni ikizamini gifasha mu gupima kanseri y'inkondo y'umura hakiri kare cyane. Gisuzuma ahanini uturemangingo twa kanseri mu mura wawe, cyangwa uturemangingo tudasanzwe (uturemangingo tudasanzwe) dushobora kuvamo kanseri mu gihe kizaza, cyitwa dysplasia . Hari igihe iki kizamini gishobora no kugaragaza indwara zimwe na zimwe zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs) hamwe no kubyimba k'umura.

Dore uko bigenda mu gihe cyo gupima Pap: Muganga wawe afata witonze uturemangingo duke mu mura wawe. Hanyuma, icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo gisuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo arebe niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe. Iki kizamini cyatangijwe bwa mbere na Dr. George Papanicolaou, umuganga w'Umunyamerika. Niyo mpamvu cyitwa "Pap."

Tekereza kuri ibi, tugerageza kuzimya umwotsi muto mu nzu, ntidutegereza ko hagira umuriro mwinshi. Uko ni ko ikizamini cya Pap gikorwa. Bifasha gufatwa na kanseri ku kimenyetso gito mbere yuko iba nini.

Ni kangahe nkwiye kwipimisha Pap?

Ibi biterwa n'ibintu bike, nk'imyaka yawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, n'ibyavuye mu isuzuma rya Pap cyangwa ikizamini cya HPV cyakozwe mbere. Ariko, hari amabwiriza rusange akurikizwa:

• Abagore bari hagati y'imyaka 21 na 30: Muri rusange ni byiza ko bapimwa Pap test buri myaka 3 .
• Abagore bari hagati y'imyaka 30 na 65: Ku bagore bari muri iki kigero, ni byiza ko bakorerwa isuzuma rya Pap test na HPV (bakorana isuzuma) buri myaka 5 cyangwa isuzuma rya Pap test ryonyine buri myaka 3. Muganga wawe azakubwira ikikubereye.

Abaganga babona ko ikizamini cya Pap ari "igipimo ngenderwaho cy'agaciro" mu kwirinda kanseri y'inkondo y'umura kuko gishobora kumenya impinduka mu tunyangingo tw'inkondo y'umura mbere yuko tuba kanseri, cyangwa mbere yuko tuba kanseri. Uko indwara igaragaye vuba, niko amahirwe yo gukira burundu arushaho kwiyongera iyo umuntu avuwe.

Kujya kwipimisha Pap bishobora kugorana gato kuri wewe. Biroroshye kubyirinda, ukibwira uti "Ese mbere byari byiza, kuki wakongera kubikora?" Ariko ni ingenzi ku buzima bwawe bw'imyororokere.Iyo usubitse, impinduka zikomeye mu turemangingo zishobora kubaho utabizi. Niba utazi neza igihe ikizamini cyawe gikurikira cya Pap kizabera, menya neza ko wabaza muganga wawe.

Ese hari abantu bakeneye gupimwa Pap kenshi?

Yego, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye, abaganga bashobora gusaba ko ukomeza gupimwa Pap. Cyangwa se bashobora gusaba ko ukomeza kubikorerwa nyuma y'imyaka 65. Muri ibyo bihe harimo:

• Niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bucitse intege bitewe n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (virusi itera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri) cyangwa indi ndwara (urugero: imiti ivura kanseri).
• Niba warahuye n'umuti witwa diethylstilbestrol (DES) mu gihe cy'inda yawe (ni ukuvuga igihe wari uri mu nda ya nyoko). (Uyu muti wahawe ababyeyi batwite kugeza ahagana mu 1971.)
• Niba warigeze kugira kanseri y'inkondo y'umura.
• Niba waragize ibisubizo bidasanzwe bivuye mu bipimo bya Pap byabanje (ibipimo bya Pap smears bidasanzwe).

Ni iki mu by'ukuri gisaba ikizamini cya Pap?

Ikizamini cya Pap gisuzuma ahanini ibi bikurikira:

• Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura.
• Uturemangingo tudasanzwe mu mura w'inkondo y'umura, twitwa dysplasia, dushobora kuvamo kanseri.
• Virusi ya Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Iyi ni indwara ikunze kwandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STI). Hari ubwoko bwa HPV bwongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura.

Ariko, ikizamini cya Pap ntigishobora gupima indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina nka gonorrhea na chlamydia . Ibi bigomba gupimwa ukwabyo. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe ikizamini cya Pap gishobora gupima indwara nka trichomonas , kwiyongera kwa bagiteri, cyangwa indwara z'umusemburo.

Ese ikizamini cya Pap n'ikizamini cyo mu kibuno ni kimwe?

Iki ni ikintu abantu benshi bahuriraho mu rujijo. Gusuzuma ikibuno ni igihe muganga wawe asuzuma nyababyeyi yawe, intanga ngabo, n'ibindi bice by'imikorere y'umubiri wawe. Gusuzuma ikibuno si buri gihe bikorwa mu gihe cyo gusuzuma ikibuno. Ariko, gupima ikibuno akenshi bikorwa icyarimwe n'isuzuma ikibuno. Gusuzuma ikibuno bishobora kuba igice cy'isuzuma ikibuno.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ikizamini cya Pap n'ikizamini cya HPV?

Isuzuma rya HPV rigamije kureba ubwoko bwihariye bwa HPV byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa HPV, kandi si bwose butera kanseri.

Abaganga bashobora gukora ikizamini cya Pap n'ikizamini cya HPV icyarimwe. Ibi byitwa "ikizamini cyo gukorana."Byombi bikorwa kimwe - icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo gifatwa mu mura w'inkondo y'umura. Iyo cyoherejwe muri laboratwari, muganga azakubwira niba ushaka gupimwa Pap, HPV, cyangwa byombi (gupimwa hamwe) kuri iki gipimo. Igihe kiri hagati y'ibi bipimo byombi gishobora gutandukana gato bitewe niba uri gukora ikizamini cya Pap cyangwa ikindi.

Nabazwe igitsina. Ese nkeneye gupimwa Pap?

Ibi biterwa n'ubwoko bw'ibagwa rya hysterectomy wakorewe ndetse niba ryarakorewe kanseri cyangwa indi mpamvu.

• Niba umura wawe wose cyangwa igice cyawo kidapfuye , ugomba gukomeza gupimwa Pap.
• Niba umura wawe warakuweho burundu , ushobora kudakenera ikindi gipimo cya Pap, ariko ibyo biterwa n'impamvu yo kubagwa igitsina.

Urugero, abantu bakorewe hysterectomy kubera kanseri y'intanga ngore, kanseri y'umura, cyangwa kanseri y'inkondo y'umura bashobora gukenera gukomeza gukorerwa ibizamini bya Pap kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri mu gitsina. Ariko, niba warakorewe hysterectomy kubera indi ndwara, nka fibroids zo mu mura , muganga wawe ashobora gufata icyemezo cy'uko uri mu kaga gato ko kurwara kanseri kandi ko udakeneye ibindi bipimo bya Pap. Rero, ni byiza kuganira na muganga wawe kuri ibi.

Witegura ute ikizamini cya Pap?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe ukora mu minsi ibanziriza Pap smear bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ikizamini. Kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo nyabyo, menya ibi bintu:

• Irinde imibonano mpuzabitsina mu gitsina iminsi ibiri mbere yo kwipimisha.
• Ntugakoreshe tampons, amavuta yo kwisiga cyangwa imiti, ifuro ryo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa jeli, amavuta yo kwisiga, cyangwa douche byibuze iminsi ibiri mbere yo gupimwa.
• Gerageza gutegura gahunda y'ikizamini cyawe cy'umunsi umwe nyuma y'uko imihango yawe irangiye . Niba ufite imihango ku munsi w'ikizamini, cyangwa niba ubona ko uzabikora, hamagara muganga wawe umubaze icyo wakora.

Ese nshobora gupimwa Pap mu gihe cy'imihango yanjye?

Ni byiza kwirinda gupimwa Pap mu gihe cy'imihango yawe, kuko ibi bishobora guhindura ibisubizo. Hari abaganga bakora ibizamini bya Pap mu minsi ya nyuma y'imihango yawe (igihe amaraso aba make). Ni byiza gusaba inama muganga wawe kuri ibi, cyangwa gusubika ikizamini kugeza ku munsi utagiye mu mihango yawe.

Ikizamini cya Pap gikorwa gute?

Ikizamini cya Pap gikorerwa kwa muganga wawe. Ntibitinze, ni iminota mike gusa.

1. Ubwa mbere, uzasabwa gukuramo imyenda yawe uhereye mu rukenyerero kugeza hasi cyangwa gukuramo burundu ukambara ikanzu yo kwa muganga.

2. Hanyuma, uzaryama ku meza yo gupimisha amaguru yawe yarambuye n'agatsinsino kameze nk'udupira. Uzahabwa agatambaro cyangwa impapuro zo gupfuka amaguru yawe.

3. Hanyuma, muganga azakora ikizamini ku buryo bukurikira:

• Igikoresho cyitwa speculum gishyirwa buhoro buhoro mu gitsina cyawe. Ushobora kumva umuvuduko muto muri iki gihe. Iki ni igikoresho cy'icyuma cyangwa pulasitiki. Gikoreshwa mu gufungura igitsina cyawe kugira ngo muganga abashe kubona neza umura wawe.
• Hanyuma, bakoresheje ikintu nk'uburoso buto cyangwa agapira gato, bazakuramo buhoro buhoro uturemangingo duke duto hejuru y'inkondo y'umura wawe.
• Uburoso cyangwa ikiyiko kirimo uturemangingo tw’umura gishyirwa mu muyoboro cyangwa mu gacupa gato karimo amazi yihariye.
• Amaherezo, speculum irakurwaho.

Nguko uko byagenda kose! Ikizamini kirarangiye.

Ese ikizamini cya Pap kibabaza?

Ikizamini cya Pap ubusanzwe nta bubabare kigira , ariko gishobora kubabaza gato. Hari abantu bashobora kuva amaraso make nyuma yo gupimwa. Ariko ntugomba kugira ububabare cyangwa kuribwa mu nda. Niba wumva utameze neza mu gihe kirenze iminota mike, cyangwa niba wavaga amaraso mu gihe kirenze amasaha 24, menya neza ko wabibwiye muganga wawe.

Ni iki wakwitega nyuma yo gupimwa Pap?

Muganga wawe azohereza icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo muri laboratwari, aho umuganga w'indwara , inzobere mu turemangingo, azasuzuma utwo turemangingo akoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo arebe niba dufite kanseri cyangwa niba dufite uturemangingo tudasanzwe dufitanye isano na virusi ya HPV.

Ese hari ingaruka mbi zo gupima Pap?

Gupima Pap smears ni ikizamini cyizewe kandi cyizewe. Hashobora kubaho kuva amaraso nyuma yo gupimwa, ariko nta bubabare cyangwa kubabara bigomba kubaho. Ni gake cyane, ibisubizo bitari byo , cyangwa ibisubizo bitari byo, bishobora kubaho. Ariko ibi ni gake cyane.

Ni ryari nzakira ibisubizo by'ibizamini byanjye?

Bishobora gufata ibyumweru bitatu kugira ngo umuganga wawe abone ibisubizo bya laboratwari. Iyo ibisubizo bibonetse, umuganga wawe azakubwira igihe ugomba gukora ikizamini cya Pap gikurikira, cyangwa niba hari ibindi bizamini bikenewe.

Ibisubizo by'ibipimo bya Pap bivuze iki?

Iyo ubonye ibisubizo, bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira:

• Ibisanzwe: Nta turemangingo tudasanzwe twabonetse. Ibi bivuze ko nta kintu kidasanzwe cyabonetse mu gipimo. Ibi rimwe na rimwe byitwa "igisubizo kibi." Niba ari uko bimeze, uzakenera gukora ikizamini cya Pap mu myaka itatu (nk'uko muganga wawe yabigusabye).
• Ntibisobanutse neza/Bidasanzwe:Abakozi ba laboratwari ntibashobora kumenya neza niba uturemangingo ari dusanzwe cyangwa tudasanzwe. Muri iki gihe, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kugaruka kugira ngo upime Pap mu minsi mike, cyangwa se bakagusaba gupimisha HPV.
• Ibidasanzwe: Ingano n'imiterere y'uturemangingo bituma tugaragara nk'aho tudafite kanseri. Abaganga bakomeza gushyira utu turemangingo mu byiciro "by'urwego rwo hasi" cyangwa "iby'urwego rwo hejuru."
• Uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo duke bivuze ko bishobora gufata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo kanseri itere imbere. Izi akenshi ziterwa n’ubwandu bwa HPV kandi zishobora gukurwaho n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri.
• Uturemangingo tw’urwego rwo hejuru bivuze ko uturemangingo dushobora guhinduka kanseri vuba. Muri iki gihe, hakenewe ibizamini n’ubuvuzi birambuye.

Igikuru ni uko ibisubizo bya Pap bitangaje cyangwa bitarasobanuka neza bitavuze ko urwaye kanseri y'inkondo y'umura! Bisobanura gusa ko hari ikindi kintu kigomba gusuzumwa. Muganga wawe azakubwira ibyavuye mu bipimo n'icyo wakora nyuma yaho. Ntugatinye rero.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikurikiraho iyo habonetse ibisubizo bidasanzwe bya Pap?

Niba ibisubizo by'ibipimo bya Pap yawe bitameze neza, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora ikizamini cyitwa colposcopy . Hari abantu babanza gukora ikindi gipimo cya Pap kugira ngo barebe niba ibisubizo ari uko byari bimeze mbere.

Ikizamini cya Pap ni ikizamini cyo gusuzuma gusa - ntigishobora gusuzuma kanseri burundu. Kugira ngo amenye neza niba urwaye kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, muganga wawe azakora colposcopy. Iki kizamini kiza:

• Muganga akoresha igikoresho cyihariye cyo gukuraho inda cyitwa colposcope (nk'indorerwamo nini) kugira ngo asuzume neza ubuso bw'inkondo y'umura n'igitsina cyawe.
• Niba hari ahantu hagaragara nk'aho hadasanzwe, hazafatwa ingero imwe cyangwa nyinshi z'uturemangingo (biopsy) .
• Izi ngingo zoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo zipimwe uturemangingo twa kanseri cyangwa uturemangingo twa mbere y’uko turwara kanseri.

Ese nkeneye kwipimisha Pap niba ndi isugi?

Yego. Si kanseri zose zo mu mura ziterwa n'ibikorwa by'imibonano mpuzabitsina. Nubwo waba utarakora imibonano mpuzabitsina, ni ngombwa kwipimisha Pap niba ufite imyaka 21 cyangwa irenga. Ibi biterwa nuko HPV ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera kanseri yo mu mura, kandi yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Ariko, kanseri yo mu mura ishobora kubaho nta HPV, kandi HPV rimwe na rimwe ishobora kwandurira mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idahuje igitsina (gake cyane). Kubwibyo, ni byiza gukurikiza inama za muganga wawe.

Ese ushobora kwanga ikizamini cya Pap?

Yego, ufite uburenganzira bwo kwanga ikizamini icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kwa muganga. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kwipimisha Pap ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kubitekerezaho witonze no kuganira na muganga wawe mbere yo gufata icyemezo.

Bigenda bite niba utarigeze ukorerwa ikizamini cya Pap?

Kubera ko ikizamini cya Pap ari bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kumenya impinduka mu turemangingo zishobora kuba kanseri, niba utigeze ukorerwa ikizamini cya Pap, ushobora kuba ufite kanseri y'inkondo y'umura kandi utabizi. Iyo ubikoze, kanseri ishobora gukura ikazana ingorane zikomeye, ndetse zikanashyira ubuzima mu kaga. Iyo kanseri itangiye gukura, biragoye kuyivura. Buri gihe ni byiza kuyifata hakiri kare. Ikizamini cya Pap ni bwo buryo abaganga bashobora kubona kanseri y'inkondo y'umura hakiri kare .

Abantu benshi batinya cyangwa batinya kwipimisha Pap smear. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ariko, ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima bw'igitsina cyawe n'umura wawe. Ku bw'amahirwe, kwipimisha Pap smear bifata iminota itarenze 10 , kandi ububabare bushira vuba.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Ikizamini cya Pap ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyane mu gupima uturemangingo tudasanzwe dushobora gutera kanseri y'inkondo y'umura.

• Niba uri hagati y'imyaka 21 na 65, saba muganga wawe ko yakwizeza ko ibizamini byawe bya Pap byakorewe ku gihe.
• Iyo ubonye uturemangingo tw’inkondo y’umura mbere y’uko turwara kanseri cyangwa kanseri mu mura hakiri kare, wongera cyane amahirwe yo gutsinda kurwanya kanseri y’inkondo y’umura. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko 95% by’abantu bavurwa uturemangingo tw’inkondo y’umura mbere y’uko turwara kanseri y’inkondo y’umura ntibarwara kanseri y’inkondo y’umura nyuma.
• Ibisubizo bidasanzwe byo gupima Pap ntibivuga ko urwaye kanseri. Bisobanura gusa ko hakenewe ibindi bipimo. Ntugatinye kandi ukurikize inama za muganga wawe.

Ubuzima bwawe buri mu maboko yawe. Kudasimbuka ibizamini by'ingenzi nk'ibi bizagufasha cyane kugira ubuzima bwiza.

` Pap_smear, Kanseri_y_inkondo y'umura, Ubuzima_bw_abagore, HPV, Uturemangingo_tutaratera kanseri, Isuzuma_ry_ubuzima, Ubumenyi_bw'abagore