Ibinure byo mu mubiri (Lipides): Ibyiza, ibibi, n'ibyo tugomba kumenya

Ese wigeze ubona amagambo nka Cholesterol na Triglycerides iyo urebye raporo y'amaraso? Ahari muganga wawe yakubwiye ati: "Cholesterol yawe iri hejuru gato, witondere." Twese dutinya ijambo 'cholesterol', si byo se? Ariko se koko aya mavuta ya Lipide, cyangwa nk'uko dusanzwe tuyita, ni iki mu mibiri yacu? Ese ni mabi ku mibiri yacu gusa? Cyangwa hari amwe meza? Reka tuvuge kuri ibi uyu munsi kugira ngo dusubize ibibazo byose ufite mu mutwe.

Mu magambo make, ibi binure ni iki?

Muri make, ibinure ni itsinda ry'ibinyabutabire biri mu mibiri yacu bifite imiterere nk'ibinure cyangwa ibinure. Itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko bitashonga mu mazi. Tekereza uramutse ushyize amavuta y'ibitoki mu kirahure cy'amazi, yareremba hejuru, ariko ntiyavangwa n'amazi, sibyo? Uko ni ko ibinure biboneka mu maraso yacu.

Izi lipide ni ingenzi mu mirimo myinshi y'ingenzi mu mubiri wacu. Ibi bivuze ko lipide atari 'mbi' gusa. Ariko kimwe n'ibindi byose, ibibazo bivuka iyo zirenze urugero.

Ubwoko bw'ibinure dukunze kumva n'inkuru zabyo

Iyo tuvuze ku bijyanye n'ibinure, ni ngombwa kumenya abantu bake bakomeye. Birashoboka ko wigeze wumva aya mazina mbere.

1. Cholesterol: Iyi ni yo nyamaswa izwi cyane mu muryango w’ibinure. Cholesterol ni ingenzi kugira ngo umubiri wacu ushobore kwinjiza ibinure na vitamine no gukora imisemburo.

2. Triglycerides: Ubu ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi umubiri wacu ubikamo ingufu. Karori z'inyongera tubona mu byo turya zihindurwamo triglycerides n'umubiri hanyuma zikabikwa mu turemangingo tw'ibinure.

Ariko hari ikibazo gito hano. Nkuko nabivuze mbere, cholesterol na triglycerides ntibishonga mu mazi. Amaraso yacu ahanini ni amazi. None se binyura mu maraso mu mubiri wose gute?

Izi lipoprotein niho inkuru y'ibinure by'umubiri 'byiza' n'ibinure by'umubiri twumvise ishingiye.

Izindi nyungu za lipide ku mubiri wacu

Uretse ikibazo cya cholesterol, ibinure bifite izindi nyungu nyinshi ku mibiri yacu.

• Kubika no gutwara ingufu: Triglycerides zikora nk'ububiko bw'ingufu mu mubiri wacu.
• Kohereza ubutumwa ku turemangingo: Imisemburo ya steroid ni ubwoko bwa lipide ikwirakwiza ubutumwa hagati y’uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu.
• Ifasha mu igogora: Umunyu w'ibinure, ukorwa n'umwijima ukoresheje cholesterol, ufasha mu igogora ry'ibinure biri mu biribwa turya.
• Kurinda uturemangingo: Buri turemangingo two mu mubiri wacu dufite igitwikirizo cyo hanze. Iki cyitwa membrane y'uturemangingo. Iki kigizwe n'ibinure. Ni nk'irembo ry'inzu. Iki gitwikirizo cy'ibinure kigena abashobora kwinjira muri ako karemangingo n'abashobora gusohoka.

Indwara zibaho iyo urugero rw'ibinure mu mubiri ruhungabanye

Ubusanzwe, umubiri wacu ukora ingano y'ibinure ukeneye. Ariko rimwe na rimwe iyi ngano irabura. Hanyuma, indwara zitandukanye zishobora kuvuka.

• Hyperlipidemie: Iyi ni ukwiyongera gukabije kw'ibinure bya lipide (cholesterol, triglycerides) mu maraso.
• Hypolipidemie: Iki ni urugero ruto rw'ibinure mu maraso. Iki ni ikibazo kidasanzwe.
• Ateriosclerosis: Iyi ni yo ngaruka mbi cyane. LDL cyangwa cholesterol "mbi" yiyongera mu nkuta z'imitsi y'amaraso, bigatuma ifungana kandi igakomera imbere. Ibi nibyo twita "gukomera kw'imitsi."
• Indwara y'imitsi itera amaraso mu mutima: Indwara iterwa no kuziba kw'imitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima.
• Hypertriglyceridemia: Ubwiyongere bw'urugero rwa triglyceride mu maraso.

Ese hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko lipide nyinshi zikabije?

Ikintu giteje akaga cyane hano ni uko abantu benshi batagira ibimenyetso na bimwe, uko urugero rwa cholesterol mu maraso yabo rwaba ruri kose . Niyo mpamvu bamwe babyita "umwicanyi utagira icyo avuga." Ibimenyetso bigaragara gusa iyo imiyoboro y'amaraso imaze kuba mito cyane.

Ariko, bamwe mu bantu bafite cholesterol nyinshi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Xanthelasma: Utubyimba duto tw'umuhondo ku ruhu rukikije amaso, cyane cyane imbere mu jisho.
• Xanthoma: Ikibyimba giterwa no kwishyira ibinure munsi y'uruhu mu bindi bice by'umubiri, cyane cyane hafi y'ingingo z'amaguru.
• Corneal Arcus: Impeta y'umweru cyangwa imvi ikikije cornea y'ijisho. Ibi ni ibisanzwe uko tugenda dusaza, ariko niba ubibonye ku muntu ukiri muto, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'uko cholesterol nyinshi iri hejuru.

Namenya nte neza urugero rw'ibinure mu mubiri wanjye?

Uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya urugero rw'ibinure mu mubiri wawe ni ugupima amaraso byitwa lipid profile . Iki ni ikizamini cyoroheje cyane cy'amaraso.

Nanone, irinde gukora iki kizamini igihe urwaye cyangwa ufite stress, kuko ibisubizo bishobora gutandukana gato muri ibyo bihe. Nanone bwira muganga wawe imiti iyo ari yo yose ufata.

Ni iki imibare iri muri raporo ivuga?

Ubusanzwe, agaciro kari muri raporo ya Lipid Profile ni aka gakurikira (aya ni agaciro gasanzwe, kandi muganga wawe ashobora guhindura intego bitewe n'uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze):

• Kolesteroli yose: Munsi ya 200 mg/dL ni yo nziza kurusha izindi.
• Kolesteroli ya LDL ("mbi"): Munsi ya 130 mg/dL ni nziza. Ariko niba urwaye diyabete cyangwa indwara y'umutima, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuyigabanya munsi ya 100 mg/dL cyangwa ndetse na 70 mg/dL.
• Cholesterol ya HDL ("nziza"): Irenga 60 mg/dL ifatwa nk'aho idafite ingaruka mbi. Uko ibi birushaho kuba byinshi, niko birushaho kuba byiza.
• Triglycerides: Munsi ya 150 mg/dL ni nziza.

Ibintu dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugenzure urugero rw'ibinure mu maraso

Inkuru nziza ni uko urugero rw'ibinure mu mubiri rushobora kugenzurwa ahanini no guhindura imibereho yacu.

1. Impinduka mu mirire

• Gabanya ibinure byuzuye: Aba nibo banzi bakuru bongera urugero rwa LDL. Gabanya ibiryo byinshi bishoboka hamwe n'amata menshi y'ibitoki, ibiryo birimo amavuta, inyama zitukura (inyama z'inka, ingurube), ibikomoka ku mata byuzuye ibinure (foromaje, amavuta), n'ibiryo byihuse.
• Hitamo ibinure byiza: Imbuto nk'amavuta ya elayo, amavuta ya canola, avoka, ubunyobwa, na cashew zirimo ibinure byiza.
• Kurya ibiryo byinshi birimo fibre: Shyiramo ibinyampeke byinshi (umuceri w'umukara, ingano, sayiri), imboga, imbuto, n'ibinyamisogwe (amashaza, amashaza, ibishyimbo). Fibre ifasha gukura cholesterol mu mubiri.
• Gabanya ibiryo birimo isukari n'ifu: Ibintu nk'ibinyobwa biryoshye, keke, ibisuguti, n'umugati byongera urugero rwa triglyceride mu mubiri wacu.

2. Imyitozo ngororamubiri

Mu gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nko kugenda n'amaguru, kwiruka, kugendera ku igare, cyangwa koga byibuze iminota 30 ku munsi, nibura iminsi 5 mu cyumweru, ushobora kongera urugero rwa cholesterol ya HDL "nziza" kandi ukagabanya urugero rwa LDL "mbi" na triglyceride.

3. Izindi mpinduka mu mibereho

• Komeza kugira ibiro byiza: Uko ibiro by'umubiri byiyongera, urugero rw'ibinure mu mubiri narwo ruriyongera. Kugabanya ibiro nubwo byaba bike bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza.
• Irinde kunywa itabi burundu: Kunywa itabi bigabanya urugero rwa cholesterol ya HDL ("nziza") kandi byangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso, bikihutisha inzira y'indwara ya atherosclerosis.
• Gusinzira neza: Gusinzira amasaha 7-9 ku munsi nabyo ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima muri rusange.
• Kurikiza inama za muganga wawe: Niba urugero rw'ibinure mu mubiri wawe rudashobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe impinduka zo mu mibereho yawe gusa, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti. Statines ni yo miti ikoreshwa cyane. Hariho kandi indi miti nka bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, na PCSK9 inhibitors . Ni ngombwa gufata imiti muganga wawe akwandikiye nk'uko yabigutegetse.