Ni iki kirimo kuba ku kwibuka kwawe? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara ya Alzheimer

Ese hari igihe wibagirwa ibintu? Aho imfunguzo zawe ziri, izina ry'umuntu, cyangwa icyo wari ugiye gukora... Kwibagirwa guke ni ibisanzwe kuri buri wese. Ariko kuri bamwe, uku kwibagirwa bishobora kubagiraho ingaruka zikomeye. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara yangiza cyane kwibuka no kugira ingaruka ku bwonko. Iyo ni indwara ya Alzheimer.

Indwara ya Alzheimer ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara ya Alzheimer ni imwe mu ndwara zikomeye zitera kwibagirwa no kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Mu by'ukuri, ni indwara itera kwangirika k'ubwonko. Ibi bivuze ko uko igihe kigenda gihita, uturemangingo two mu bwonko bwacu turangirika kandi tukarimbuka. Amaherezo, umuntu urwaye indwara ya Alzheimer ashobora gutakaza imikorere y'ingenzi y'ubwonko nko kwibuka no kuvuga.

Tekereza, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 24 ku isi barwaye iyi ndwara. Umuntu umwe ku icumi barengeje imyaka 65 ashobora kuba afite iyi ndwara. Nanone, umuntu umwe kuri batatu barengeje imyaka 85 bivugwa ko arwaye indwara ya Alzheimer.

Nubwo hariho uburyo bwo kuvura ibi bimenyetso, nta muti uhari wo kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer. Niba ukeka ko wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi ufite ibi bimenyetso, ni byiza guhita ubonana na muganga kugira ngo akugire inama.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya Alzheimer?

Indwara ya Alzheimer ntigira ingaruka ku bantu bose kimwe, ariko muri rusange, ishobora gutuma ugira ubushobozi bwo:

• Kwibuka
• Ubushobozi bwo gutekereza mu buryo bwumvikana
• Ubushobozi bwo kuvuga (ururimi)
• Imyitwarire n'imico
• Gusobanukirwa ibidukikije bikikije (ahantu)

Akenshi, umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kwibagirwa cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bya Alzheimer ashobora kugorwa no kubona impinduka mu mutwe we no ku mubiri we. Izi bimenyetso rimwe na rimwe birushaho kugaragara ku bo ukunda.

Ibi bimenyetso bigenda birushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita (bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro). Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi afite ibi bimenyetso bisa n'iby'indwara yo kwiheba, hita ubonana na muganga.

Gutakaza kwibuka

Gutakaza kwibuka ni cyo kimenyetso nyamukuru kandi gikunze kugaragara cy’indwara ya Alzheimer. Ibi bishobora gutuma bikugora kwibuka ibintu byabaye vuba aha (kwibuka igihe gito) cyangwa ibintu byabaye kera cyane (kwibuka igihe kirekire).

Ushobora kugira ingorane zo kwibuka ibi bintu:

• Amasura, amazina
• Ibintu bimwe na bimwe
• Aho uri (nubwo ari ahantu hazwi nko mu rugo)

Ibibazo byo kwibuka biterwa na Alzheimer ni bikomeye cyane kuruta utuntu duto dukunze kwibagirwa aho dushyira telefoni cyangwa tukibaza niba twarafunze urugi.

Kugorwa no gutekereza mu buryo bwumvikana

Umuntu urwaye indwara ya Alzheimer ashobora kugaragara nk'ufite urujijo cyangwa agafata igihe kirekire cyane kugira ngo afate ibyemezo. Ibi bishobora kukugora gukora ibi bikurikira:

• Hitamo icyo gukora nyuma.
• Teka ukurikije resept
• Kora gahunda.

Ibibazo bifitanye isano n'ururimi

Indwara ya Alzheimer ishobora gutuma bikugora kuvuga, gusoma, cyangwa kumva ururimi (aphasia). Ushobora:

• Avugana kandi agatumanaho buhoro ugereranije na mbere
• Iyo umuntu avuga indimi nyinshi, ahindura indimi akavuga mu buryo buteye urujijo.
• Ururimi ruvugwa cyane mu bwana ruzasubirwamo
• Akoresha amagambo atari yo

Impinduka mu myitwarire no mu miterere

Ushobora kubona impinduka mu byiyumvo cyangwa mu miterere y'umuntu urwaye indwara ya Alzheimer. Bashobora:

• Ushobora kugira amakenga menshi (ndetse n'abantu umaze imyaka myinshi uzi).
• Guhindagurika kw'amarangamutima bishobora kubaho kenshi (bishobora no kuba bibi cyane kurusha uko bisanzwe)
• Ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kubura amahoro kenshi, guhangayika, cyangwa kubona ibintu nk'aho nta cyo bitwaye.
• Ushobora gutakaza icyizere muri wowe no mu bakunzi bawe.

Buri wese agira iminsi mibi n'ibihe bigoye. Ariko impinduka mu byiyumvo no mu miterere y'umuntu ziterwa na Alzheimer ziba zikomeye cyane kandi zitunguranye kuruta uburakari busanzwe cyangwa umujinya.

Kugabanuka k'ubumenyi ku bidukikije

Ushobora gusanga bigoye gusobanukirwa uburyo ibintu biri hafi y'umubiri wawe, cyangwa ushobora kumva udashoboye kugenzura umubiri wawe kurusha uko byari bimeze mbere. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Gukubita ibikoresho byo mu nzu
• Biragoye gufata ikintu.
• Kugorwa no gukora ingendo ntoya z'intoki nko gufunga imigozi y'inkweto cyangwa kwandika kuri clavier

Abaganga bashyira indwara ya Alzheimer mu byiciro bitandukanye. Ibi byiciro bikubwira uburyo uri hafi yo kwibagirwa indwara ya Alzheimer, ubukana bw'indwara yawe ya Alzheimer, cyangwa uburyo yihuta cyane.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara ya Alzheimer?

Impamvu nyamukuru itera indwara ya Alzheimer ni ukwishyira mu bwonko kw'ubwoko bubiri bwa poroteyine mu buryo budasanzwe. By'umwihariko, ubwoko bubiri bwa poroteyine zitwa amyloid na tau.

Urabizi, ubwonko bwacu bufite uturemangingo tw’imitsi tubarirwa muri za miriyari, cyangwa neuron . Utwo tunyangingo ni two tudufasha gutekereza, kwiga, kwibuka no gutegura. Iyo poroteyine ya amiloide navuze ifatana mu tunyangingo tw’ubwonko ikagenda ihinduka plaque . Poroteyine ya Tau igenda ihinduka plaque . Utwo tunyangingo n’udusatsi tubuza neuron gukora neza. Bibangamira ibimenyetso by’amashanyarazi n’ibinyabutabire binyuramo.

Iyo poroteyine za amyloid na tau zishyize hamwe mu bwonko, zica buhoro buhoro uturemangingo tw’ubwonko. Ibi nibyo bitera kwangirika guhoraho n’ibimenyetso by’indwara ya Alzheimer. Gupfa kw’uturemangingo tw’imitsi bitangirira mu gice kimwe cy’ubwonko, hanyuma bigakwirakwira buhoro buhoro mu bindi bice. Alzheimer ikunze gutangirira mu gice cy’ubwonko kigenzura kwibuka kwacu - hippocampus .

Impuguke ziracyakora ubushakashatsi ku ndwara ya Alzheimer kugira ngo zimenye neza impamvu itera iyi miyoboro ya poroteyine. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko iyi miyoboro ya poroteyine itangira kera cyane mbere yuko ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara. Ishobora kuba yaratangiye mu myaka 10 mbere yuko ubona impinduka.

Ese indwara ya Alzheimer iravukanwa?

Yego, indwara ya Alzheimer ishobora kuba iterwa n'uturemangingo.

Iyo umwe mu babyeyi bawe cyangwa abavandimwe bawe arwaye iyi ndwara, ibyago byawe byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer ni 10% kugeza kuri 30%. Iyo babiri cyangwa benshi mu bavandimwe bawe barwaye iyi ndwara, ibyago byawe byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer ni incuro eshatu kurusha umuntu usanzwe.

Abantu bafite gene ya APOE e4 bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara Alzheimer. Nanone, abantu bafite iyo gene baba bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara Alzheimer bakiri bato (mbere y'uko batangira). Ariko si buri wese ufite gene ya APOE e4 uzarwara Alzheimer. Ni ikintu kimwe gusa cyongera ibyago byo kurwara.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera indwara ya Alzheimer?

Abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza impamvu bamwe barwara indwara ya Alzheimer abandi ntibayirwara, ariko ibi bintu bishobora kuba impamvu z’ibyago:

• Kuba ufite inkomoko y'umwirabura cyangwa Latino
• Ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije (ikintu kijyanye n'aho utuye, aho ukorera, cyangwa aho ukunda)
• Impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo
• Gukomereka bikomeye mu mutwe (Gukomereka mu bwonko gukabije)
• Kunywa itabi
• Imyaka yawe (indwara ya Alzheimer ikunze kwibasira abantu barengeje imyaka 65)
• Imiterere y'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer. Urugero:

• Indwara z'umutima n'imitsi
• Diyabete
• Down syndrome iterwa na Trisomy 21
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso
• Kolesteroli nyinshi
• Umubyibuho ukabije

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa n'indwara ya Alzheimer?

Ingorane ikomeye iterwa n'indwara ya Alzheimer ni ukwangirika kwayo ku bwonko. Ibi bishobora gutuma uhindura imitekerereze yawe burundu, ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukoresha umubiri wawe, ndetse n'imico yawe. Uko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera, ushobora kugira ingorane zitandukanye. Zimwe muri zo zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ingorane nk'izi zishobora kubaho:

• Kugabanuka k'ubuzima bw'umubiri muri rusange
• Indwara zandurira mu mubiri (urugero, umusonga cyangwa indwara z'uruhu)
• Indwara zo mu mutwe
• Guhumeka bigoranye
• Kugorwa no kumira

Ushobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kugenzura umubiri wawe, ibyo bikaba byakongera ibyago byo:

• Ibisebe byo mu buriri
• Kubura amazi cyangwa imirire mibi
• Kugwa, kuvunika n'izindi mpanuka
• Kunanirwa kwihagarika inkari no kudahagarika amara
• Kubora kw'amenyo, gucika kw'amenyo, n'ibindi bibazo by'amenyo

Indwara ya Alzheimer ipimwa ite?

Abaganga bakoresha uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo bamenye indwara ya Alzheimer. Intambwe ya mbere ni ukuganira ku buzima bwawe n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe.

Muganga wawe azaganira nawe n'umuryango wawe. Bazakubaza ibibazo kandi bamenye ubuzima bwawe n'ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi. Niba uzi ko ufite ibintu bishobora gutera indwara ya Alzheimer, bibwira muganga wawe.

Muganga wawe azabaza umuryango wawe niba babonye ibimenyetso cyangwa impinduka ushobora kuba utarigeze ubona. Bashobora kukubaza ibi bikurikira:

• Ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora imirimo yawe isanzwe
• Impinduka mu byiyumvo byawe, imyitwarire yawe, na kamere yawe
• Imiti ikoreshwa ubu
• Amateka y'ubuvuzi
• Imiterere y'ubuzima muri rusange

Muganga azagusuzuma umubiri wose ndetse agupime ubwonko. Azakuraho n'izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibibazo byo kwibuka n'ibindi bimenyetso.

Muganga azakoresha kandi ibizamini byinshi, urugero:

• Gupima amaraso
• MRI y'ubwonko (MRI y'ubwonko)
• Ibizamini byo mu mutwe
• gupima CT (CT scan)
• gupima PET
• Isuzumabumenyi ry'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe n'ubwo mu mutwe
• Ibipimo by'inkari

Ibi bizamini bifasha muganga wawe kureba ibimenyetso bya poroteyine za amyloid no kureba niba zarangiritse ubwonko bwawe.

Muganga wawe azakorana nawe n'umuryango wawe kugira ngo bakore gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikubereye. Bazagufasha kwishyiriraho intego zifatika ku buzima bwawe bw'igihe gito n'uburwayi bwawe bw'igihe kirekire.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer?

Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuvura indwara yo kwibagirwa. Nta muti uhari wo kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer, ariko imiti ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso no kugabanya ukwiyongera kw'indwara.

Gutangira kuvurwa hakiri kare bishoboka ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kurinda ubuzima bw'ubwonko bwawe mu buzima bwawe bwose. Ariko, nta buvuzi buhari bushobora guhagarika cyangwa gusubiza inyuma indwara ya Alzheimer.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso bya Alzheimer. Muganga wawe azagukorera uruvange rw'imiti kugira ngo ijyane n'ibyo ukeneye. Ushobora gukenera:

Ibinini bya kolinesterase

Iyi miti ibuza enzyme yihutisha kwangirika k'ubwonko guterwa n'indwara ya Alzheimer. Ishobora koroshya ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo kwibuka no kugabanya ibyago byo guhinduka mu myitwarire. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti nk'iyi:

• Donepezil
• Galantamine
• Rivastigmine

Igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bahora bakora ubushakashatsi ku ndwara ya Alzheimer n'uburyo bwo kuyivura bushoboka. Baza muganga wawe niba hari ibizamini bya muganga bishobora kugufasha. Ibizamini bya muganga ni ibizamini cyangwa ubushakashatsi bukorerwa abantu bitanga kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu ndwara cyangwa ikibazo runaka. Ibi bizamini bishobora kuguha amahirwe yo kugerageza uburyo bushya bwo kuvura butaraboneka cyane.

Iyo upimwe hakiri kare, ushobora kugira amahirwe menshi yo kwitabira igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi.

Lecanemab cyangwa Donanemab

Lecanemab na Donanemab ni imiti iterwa mu mitsi (IV). Ni ubwoko bubiri bw'imiti yitwa monoclonal antibodies . Iyi miti ishobora gufasha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe kwibasira no gusenya poroteyine za amyloid. Ishobora gufasha gukuraho zimwe muri amyloid mbere yuko yangiza ubwonko, bigatuma indwara ya Alzheimer itinda kwiyongera.

Lecanemab yibasira insinga za amyloid mbere yuko ziterana. Donanemab yibasira poroteyine za amyloid zimaze guterana zigakora uduce duto.

Kimwe n'ubundi buryo bwose bwo kuvura, iyi miti ntikiza burundu indwara ya Alzheimer, cyangwa ngo ishobore gusubiza inyuma ibyangiritse byatewe na amyloid.

Antagonists za NMDA

Iyo urwaye indwara ya Alzheimer, umubiri wawe ukora ikintu kinini cyitwa glutamate . Ibi byangiza uturemangingo tw’ubwonko. Antagonists za NMDA zikora mu kuziba cyangwa kuzuza receptors za N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) mu bwonko zifata glutamate. Ibi bishobora kugabanya iterambere ry’indwara ya Alzheimer.

Memantine ni umuti ukunze gukoreshwa cyane wa NMDA. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama y'indi miti bitewe n'ubuzima bwawe n'aho indwara ya Alzheimer igeze.

Imiti yo kurwanya ibimenyetso

Muganga wawe azagusaba imiti cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura kugira ngo bigufashe kugenzura ibimenyetso byawe uko bivuka. Ushobora gukenera:

• Imiti igabanya kwiheba: Iyi miti ishobora kuvura ibintu nko guhangayika, kubura amahoro, ihindagurika ry'amarangamutima, no kwiheba.
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe/imiti ivura ubwonko:Iyi miti ishobora kuvura ibintu nk'ihungabana, kubona ibintu nk'ibintu bitagaragara, ndetse no guhindagurika.
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe: Iyi miti rimwe na rimwe ishobora no kuvura ihindagurika ry'amarangamutima.

Ubuzima bw'umuntu bumeze bute?

Indwara ya Alzheimer ntigira ingaruka ku bantu bose kimwe. Abantu benshi barengeje imyaka 65 barwaye Alzheimer bapfa mu myaka ine kugeza ku munani bamaze kuyirwara. Ariko hari abantu bamara imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, cyane cyane iyo bayirwaye mbere y’imyaka 65.

Vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye no kubana n'indwara ya Alzheimer (AD). Bashobora kugufasha kwishyiriraho intego zifatika n'ibyo witeze. Bashobora kandi kugufasha guhitamo igihe ubuvuzi bw'abarwayi barembye bushobora kuba amahitamo meza kuri wowe n'umuryango wawe.

Niba ukeneye ubufasha, vugana n'umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe . Ni ibisanzwe ko abantu barwaye indwara ya Alzheimer n'imiryango yabo bumva bafite imihangayiko n'ubwoba bikabije, cyane cyane nyuma yo kuyisuzuma. Ibi byiyumvo ni ukuri kandi bifite ishingiro. Inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe irashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibitekerezo byawe n'ibyiyumvo byawe no kugufasha guhangana nabyo.

Ese indwara ya Alzheimer ishobora kwirindwa?

Ntushobora guhindura cyangwa kugenzura bimwe mu bintu bishobora gutera indwara ya Alzheimer, nk'imyaka yawe n'imiterere y'uturemangingo. Ariko ushobora gucunga izindi mpamvu no kugabanya ibyago byawe. Kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange bishobora gufasha kurinda ubwonko bwawe kwangirika k'ubwonko. Ushobora kugerageza ibi bintu:

• Kurikiza indyo yuzuye: Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi itandukanye bishobora gufasha ubwonko bwawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange kugumana ubuzima bwiza. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kurya, nko kurya indyo yo mu nyanja ya Mediterane cyangwa indyo ya DASH .
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihagije: Imyitozo ngororamubiri n'imyitozo ngororamubiri byongera amaraso na ogisijeni mu bwonko. Ibi bishobora kunoza ubuzima bw'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko bwawe. Si ngombwa ko uba umukinnyi ukomeye kugira ngo ukomeze gukora cyane. Kugenda n'amaguru, guhinga mu busitani, kugendera ku igare, cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gituma umubiri wawe ukora ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukomeza gukora cyane.
• Komeza gukora cyane mu mutwe: Kina imikino yo ku kibaho, soma ibitabo, kora puzzles za crossword, curanga igikoresho cya muzika, cyangwa ukore ibindi bintu bigutera imbaraga ubwonko bwawe kugira ngo bumenye ibintu bishya kandi ubikoreshe.
• Komeza gusabana: Ganira n'abakunzi bawe cyangwa abantu bo mu gace utuyemo buri gihe. Kwifatanya mu bikorwa by'amatsinda nko gusenga, amasomo y'imyitozo ngororamubiri, amatsinda y'ibitabo, cyangwa imirimo y'ubukorerabushake mu muryango bishobora kugufasha gukomeza ubwonko bwawe gukora.

Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe urwaye indwara ya Alzheimer kandi ukaba uhangayikishijwe nayo, vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye no gupima imiterere y’uturemangingo. Bashobora gusuzuma imiterere y’uturemangingo cyangwa impinduka mu imiterere y’uturemangingo zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara Alzheimer.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu ukunda afite ikibazo cyo kwibuka cyangwa gutekereza, gana muganga. Ni we ushobora kumenya niba ibibazo biterwa na Alzheimer cyangwa indi ndwara.

Iyo umaze gufatwa n'indwara ya Alzheimer (AD), uzakenera kujya kwa muganga wawe kugira ngo agusuzumishe buri gihe. Muganga wawe azakurikirana uko indwara igenda kandi ahindure uburyo bwo kuvura uko bikenewe.

Ushobora kandi kubaza muganga wawe ibibazo bimwe na bimwe nk'ibi:

• Ni ibihe bimenyetso cyangwa impinduka njye n'umuryango wanjye tugomba kwitaho?
• Ese hari uburyo bwo kumenya igihe indwara ya Alzheimer izakwirakwira vuba?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura bubereye kuri njye?
• Ese nujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo nkore igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi?

Indwara ya Alzheimer (AD) ni indwara iteye ubwoba cyane. Hari igihe umuntu yumva ko igihe gihagaze, cyangwa se yumva ko igenda vuba cyane. Nta buryo bubi bwo kubaho ufite indwara nk'iya Alzheimer.

Amaherezo, ikintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi

Indwara ya Alzheimer ni indwara ikomeye cyane. Ariko ibuka ko utari wenyine. Waba ufite Alzheimer cyangwa uri kwita ku muntu urwaye Alzheimer, abaganga bawe bahora bahari kugira ngo bagufashe. Bashobora kugufasha gutanga inama ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi n'ibizamini byo kwa muganga, gusubiza ibibazo byawe, kuguhuza n'ibikoresho, no kugufasha gusobanukirwa icyo witeze. Ni ngombwa kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no gushaka ubuvuzi. Nanone, inkunga y'umuryango n'inshuti ni ingenzi muri uru rugendo. Ntiwibagirwe kwita ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe.

Alzheimer 's, Alzheimer's, Dementia, Kwibagirwa, Ubuzima bw'ubwonko, Gusaza, Indwara z'imitsi