Ubuvuzi bwo mu rugo ku ndwara ikomeye yo mu mutwe? Reka twige ku buvuzi bw’ibanze (ACT)!

Ese rimwe na rimwe wumva uri wenyine? Iki gitekerezo ni ukuri cyane cyane ku muntu uhanganye n'indwara ikomeye yo mu mutwe. Kujya mu bitaro kenshi, imiti myinshi, no gutinya kwigunga mu bandi... Hamwe n'ibi byose, kubaho ubuzima busanzwe bishobora gusa n'inzozi. "Kuki ibi bingeraho?" Hari ibihe byinshi wibaza. Ariko se wari uzi ko hari gahunda yihariye yo kuvura ifasha abantu muri ibi bihe bigoye, mu ngo zabo no mu gace batuyemo? Ibyo ni byo twita Assertive Community Treatment, cyangwa ACT mu magambo ahinnye.

Mu magambo make, iyi ACT ni iki?

ACT ni uburyo butanga ubuvuzi n'ubufasha ku bantu bafite indwara zo mu mutwe zikomeye mu gace batuyemo, ni ukuvuga mu rugo, ku kazi, cyangwa aho batuye, aho kuba mu bitaro cyangwa mu kindi kigo.

Tekereza muri ubu buryo. Ufite itsinda rito ry'abaganga bakwiyeguriye, bakwitaho ku byo ukeneye byihariye. Aho kugira ngo uze kwa muganga kubareba, iri tsinda riraza rigufasha aho uri. Ni nk'itsinda ry'abaganga ku giti cyabo. Iri tsinda ririmo inzobere mu nzego zitandukanye.

• Abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe: Basuzuma uko imitekerereze yawe ihagaze bakaguha imiti ikenewe.
• Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze: Tanga ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze no kugufasha kunoza ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe.
• Abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage: Bagufasha kubona ibisubizo by'ibibazo byawe by'imibereho myiza, nk'ibibazo by'amacumbi n'ibibazo by'ubukungu.
• Abaforomo banditswe: Suzuma ubuzima bwawe bw'umubiri kandi urebe neza ko ufata imiti yawe neza.
• Inzobere mu kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe: Hari igihe indwara yo mu mutwe ishobora guhurirana n'umuntu unywa ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga. Bahuguwe by'umwihariko kuvura indwara zombi icyarimwe.
• Abashinzwe imanza: Ni bo bahuza gahunda yawe yo kuvura kandi bakareba neza ko ibintu byose bigenda neza.

Intego nyamukuru y'iri tsinda si ukuguha imiti gusa, ahubwo ni ukuguha ubufasha bwose ukeneye kugira ngo ubeho neza kandi wishimye muri sosiyete. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kugufasha kubona akazi, gufasha mu mirimo yo mu rugo, no kumenyera gutwara bisi.

Hari ikindi gice cy'ibi , Ubuvuzi bw'ibanze bw'abaturage (FACT).Yagenewe by'umwihariko gufasha abantu bafashwe, bafunze, cyangwa bafungiwe kubera indwara zo mu mutwe zikomeye.

Ni nde ubu buvuzi bwa ACT bukwiriye kurusha ubundi?

Ubu buvuzi si ubwa buri wese. Bwagenewe by'umwihariko abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zo mu mutwe zikomeye. Ni ukuvuga:

• Ku bantu bakunze kugira ibibazo byo mu mutwe kandi bakeneye kujya mu bitaro: Hari abantu bumva bameze neza igihe runaka, ariko bakagomba kongera kujya mu bitaro. ACT ishobora gufasha cyane mu guhagarika uru rugendo.
• Ku bahura n'ibibazo by'amategeko: Ku bantu bakora ibikorwa bitemewe n'amategeko batabizi bagafatwa kubera indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Ku badafite aho baba cyangwa bari mu kaga ko kubura aho baba: Ubu buryo bufasha cyane abadafite aho baba kandi bari mu bihe bikomeye.

ACT ikunze gufasha abantu bafite indwara zo mu mutwe zikomeye, nk'izi zikurikira:

Indwara zimeze nk'iz'uburibwe (Schizophrenia spectrum disorders) Schizophrenia Indwara y'imiterere y'umuntu (Schizotypal personality disorder)
• Indwara yo kwiheba
Indwara ya Schizophreniform Indwara ya Schizoaffective
• Indwara ya Bipolar
• Indwara y'imibanire y'abantu ku mipaka

Umuntu urwaye iyi ndwara n'umuryango we ni bo bonyine bazi uburyo bigoye kuyibana nayo. ACT ni urumuri rwiza kuri bo.

Ese iyi gahunda ya ACT ikora ite?

Gahunda ya ACT ishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye, kuko ijyanye n'ibyo ukeneye ndetse n'intego zawe mu buzima. Ariko muri rusange, ishingiro ryayo ni ukukugana aho uri no kugufasha mu buryo ukeneye.

Reka turebe serivisi ushobora kubona muri iri tsinda. Ibi bizaguha igitekerezo cyiza cy'icyo iyi sisitemu igamije.

Igikuru ni uko iri tsinda rya ACT ryakira abarwayi bake cyane icyarimwe. Impamvu ni uko bashobora kukwitaho cyane. Nubwo waba ufite ikibazo cyihutirwa, ushobora kuvugana n'umuntu wo muri iryo tsinda amasaha 24 ku munsi.

Ese ubu buryo bwa ACT bufite akamaro koko?

Yego. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwagaragaje ko ACT ari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. By'umwihariko, bifasha kugera ku bisubizo bikurikira:

• Kugabanuka kw'abajya mu bitaro: Abantu bahabwa ubuvuzi bwa ACT bafite umubare muto cyane w'abajya mu bitaro basubiramo.
• Kugabanuka kw'iminsi yo mu bitaro: Nubwo byaba ngombwa ko ujyanwa mu bitaro mu buryo runaka, iminsi uzamara mu bitaro izagabanuka.
• Ubwiza bw'ubuzima: Kuba umuntu ashobora kubaho mu buzima bwe bwite, nk'abandi, byongera kunyurwa no kwishima mu buzima.
• Kongera kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubuvuzi: Kubera ko itsinda rihora rigenzura, ibintu nko gufata imiti ku gihe no kujya kwa muganga ntibisiba.
• Ibibazo by’amategeko byagabanutse: Gufata no gufunga byagabanutse, cyane cyane binyuze muri gahunda za FACT.

Ubuvuzi bwa ACT bumara igihe kingana iki? Nabubona nte muri Sri Lanka?

Igihe ubu buvuzi bukenewe gitandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Biterwa gusa n'ibyo ukeneye n'intego zawe mu buzima. Bishobora gufata amezi make, cyangwa bikaba birebire kurushaho. Nanone, ushobora gukenera ubundi bwoko bw'ubufasha mu bihe bitandukanye mu buzima bwawe. Ibyo byose bigenwa nawe n'itsinda ryawe rya ACT hamwe.

Ikibazo cy'ingenzi ubu ni iki, ese muri Sri Lanka hari gahunda nk'izi, kandi tuzibona dute?

Mu by’ukuri, gahunda zitwa "Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)" ntizikunze kugaragara muri Sri Lanka nk’uko zikunze kugaragara mu bihugu by’Iburengerazuba bw’isi. Ariko, ibyo ntibivuze ko serivisi nk’izo zitabaho muri Sri Lanka na gato.

Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi akeneye ubufasha bukomeye nk'ubu, ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukuganira kuri ibi na muganga wawe mu buryo bweruye, cyane cyane inzobere mu ndwara zo mu mutwe .

Ushobora kubaza uti:

"Muganga, njye/uwo nkunda tugomba kujya mu bitaro kenshi. Biragoye kubaho ubuzima busanzwe mu rugo. Ese hari serivisi cyangwa gahunda y'ubuzima ishobora kuza iwanjye, ikamfasha mu buzima bwa buri munsi, ikareba uburyo bwo kuvura?"

Hari igihe hashobora kubaho serivisi z’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe zikorera mu mashami y’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu bitaro bya leta. Hashobora kubaho abaforomo n’abakozi b’imibereho myiza baza iwawe babinyujije muri bo. Nanone, hari ibigo byigenga bishobora gutanga serivisi nk’izo. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ukubaza muganga wawe ibi nta bwoba cyangwa isoni.

Kubana n'indwara yo mu mutwe ikomeye ntabwo byoroshye. Bishobora kumera nko kugashya uri wenyine mu mvura nyinshi. Ariko ibuka ko utari wenyine. Ubuvuzi nka ACT bugaragaza ko ubu buvuzi burimo kuva ku kuvura ibimenyetso gusa bujya ku kuvura umuntu wese no kumufasha kubaho neza.