Bite se niba umutima uhagaze mu buryo butunguranye? Reka tuvuge ku 'umurongo ugororotse' (Asystole)

Ugomba kuba warabibonye kuri televiziyo, iyo umuntu ahise atakaza ubwenge agahita agwa, abaganga binjira vuba, bagashyira imashini ku gituza bakavuga bati 'Clear!' maze bagakubita amashanyarazi. Ariko rimwe na rimwe ubona kuri ecran gusa umurongo muremure ugororotse. Ibyo ni byo twita 'flat-line' cyangwa asystole. Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane, gishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Rero, ni ngombwa cyane ko twese tubimenya neza.

Mu by'ukuri asystole ni iki?

Muri make, asystole ni igihe sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe ifunga burundu maze umutima wawe ugahagarara gutera. Ubu ni ubwoko bw'umutima uhagarara. Muri iki gihe, umutima uhagarara kohereza amaraso mu mubiri burundu. Ibi bishobora gutera gutakaza ubwenge butunguranye, guhumeka bigahagarara, cyangwa kubura umwuka. Hatabayeho ubuvuzi bwihuse, nka CPR, urupfu rushobora kubaho mu minota mike.

Kuki ibi byitwa 'umurongo ugororotse'?

Ntidushobora kumenya iyi ndwara uhereye inyuma. Ishobora gusa kumenyekana neza hakoreshejwe ikizamini cya ECG (Electrocardiogram). Ushobora kuba warabonye ko mu bitaro, utwuma twinshi dushyirwa ku gituza kugira ngo dukurikirane imikorere y'umutima. Utwo tumashini tumenya imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima kandi tukayerekana nk'aho ari nk'aho ari ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'amabara.

Iyi miterere y'umuraba ibaho iyo hari imikorere y'amashanyarazi mu mutima. Muri asystole, nta bikorwa by'amashanyarazi biba mu mutima, bityo aho kuba umuraba, umurongo ugororotse kandi ugororotse ugaragara kuri ecran. Niyo mpamvu yitwa 'umurongo ugororotse'.

Umutima wacu ukora ute ? Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cy'indwara ya asistole?

Igihe cyose umutima wacu utera, bibaho mu ntambwe ebyiri z'ingenzi.

1. Sistole: Ingufu nto y'amashanyarazi igaragara mu mutima ituma imitsi y'umutima ifungana cyane. Uku gufungana niko gusohora amaraso mu mutima mu mubiri wose.

2. Diastole: Nyuma yo gutera inshuro imwe, imitsi y'umutima iraruhuka. Iki ni cyo gihe ibyumba by'umutima byuzuye amaraso, byiteguye kongera gukoreshwa ipompo ikurikira.

Muri asystole, umuriro w'amashanyarazi utera systole urabura burundu. Nk'uko moteri y'amazi ihagarika gukora iyo umuriro ubuze, iyo inzira y'amashanyarazi ibuze, umutima uhagarika gupompa burundu. Ibi nibyo twita 'urupfu rw'abaganga'.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera asystole?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma umutima uhagarara gukora mu buryo butunguranye. Zimwe mu mpamvu z'ingenzi ni izi:

• Kuva amaraso menshi mu mubiri.
• Ubushobozi buke bwo kugabanya umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri (Hypoxia).
• Kudahuza kw'umunyu n'amashanyarazi mu mubiri.
• Indwara ikomeye y'umutima.
• Kuziba kw'imitsi y'ibihaha.
• Imivuduko y'umutima idasanzwe (Arrhythmias), cyane cyane indwara nka Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) na Ventricular Tachycardia (VT).
• Impanuka ikomeye ku gituza cyangwa ku mutima.
• Ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi.
• Kunywa imiti imwe n'imwe, uburozi, cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge nka kokayine.

Ibi byavurwa bite? Ese bishobora kurokora ubuzima?

Asystole ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi aho buri segonda riba rireba. Iyo ibi bibayeho ku muntu utari mu bitaro, ikintu cy’ingenzi kandi cyonyine ushobora gukora ni ugutangira CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) ako kanya hanyuma ugakomeza kugeza igihe ubufasha bwa muganga bugeze. CPR ikwiye kandi ihoraho ifite amahirwe menshi yo kurokora ubuzima.

Iyo ari mu bitaro, amakipe y’abaganga atanga uburyo bukurikira bwo kuvura.

Ese gushyuha (defibrillation) ntishobora kubyutsa umutima?

Iki ni ikintu abantu benshi bibeshyaho nyuma yo kureba filime. Asystole si injyana 'itunguranye'. Ni ukuvuga ko guha umuntu ufite umurongo ugororotse ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi (defibrillation) ntacyo bizagira. Mu by'ukuri, kubikora bishobora kugorana kugarura umutima.

Guhungabana bitangwa gusa ku mikorere idasanzwe y'umutima, nka Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), aho imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima ihungabana kandi umutima ukanyeganyega gusa. Ariko, iyo CPR ikora neza, rimwe na rimwe umutima uri mu mimerere yo kudakora neza ushobora guhinduka umuvuduko utunguranye. Niyo mpamvu CPR ari bwo buryo bwa mbere bwo kuvura hano.

Ni ryari ugomba gushaka ubufasha bwihuse?

Iyo umuntu uri hafi yawe agize ibimenyetso bikurikira mu buryo butunguranye, bishobora kuba ari uguhagarara k'umutima.

• Ahita atakaza ubwenge maze aragwa.
• Kudahumeka cyangwa ngo uhumeke umwuka.
• Gutakaza umutima mu ijosi cyangwa ku kuboko.

Mu gihe nk'iki, hamagara byihutirwa serivisi y'imbangukiragutabara (urugero, 1919). Hanyuma, tangira CPR vuba bishoboka. Nubwo waba utazi uburyo bwo gukora CPR, ntugatinye. Umukozi ushinzwe serivisi y'imbangukiragutabara ashobora kukwigisha uburyo bwo gukora CPR kuri telefoni. Imihati yawe ifite amahirwe menshi yo kurokora ubuzima. Umurwayi agomba kujyanwa mu ishami ry'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) ry'ibitaro byihutirwa.

Niba ukeka ko ibi byatewe n'ibintu bihumanya, ushobora guhita uhamagara ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe amakuru ku burozi mu bitaro by'igihugu bya Colombo ugasaba inama.