Ese wigeze utekereza ko igice gito cy'umubiri wawe gishobora kurokora ubuzima bwose bw'umuntu? Ni nk'ikintu cy'intwari, si byo se? Uko ni ko gutanga umworo w'amagufwa bivuze. Wenda wabyumvise, cyangwa wenda wabibonye muri filime. Ariko abantu benshi baratinya gato, ntibabyumva neza. Uyu munsi rero turabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.
Mu magambo make, gutanga umworo w'amagufwa ni iki?
Gutanga umwobo w'amagufwa ni igikorwa cyo gufata igice cy'umusobo w'amagufwa, ni ukuvuga uturemangingo tw'umubiri, ku muntu muzima ukagiha umuntu ufite indwara y'amaraso. Ibi kandi byitwa "gusarura umwobo w'amagufwa".
Tekereza muri ubu buryo, imbere mu magufwa manini y'umubiri wacu, nk'igufwa ryo mu kibuno n'igufwa ryo mu kibuno, hari ingingo yoroshye imeze nk'ikiyiko. Ni cyo twita umwongo w'amagufwa . Uru ni 'uruganda rw'amaraso' rw'umubiri wacu. Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ukeneye kugira ngo ubeho, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera tukurinda indwara, uduce duto tw'amaraso dufasha mu kubumba amaraso iyo uva amaraso, ibi byose bikorwa n'ubwoko bwiza bw'uturemangingo turi muri uyu mwongo w'amagufwa. Tubyita uturemangingo tw'inyuma .
Noneho, iyo abantu bamwe barwaye kanseri y'amaraso nka leukemia cyangwa aplastic anemia, 'uruganda rwabo rukora amaraso' ruhagarika gukora neza. Muri icyo gihe, iyo utwo turemangingo twakuwe mu musokoro w'umuntu muzima duhawe uwo murwayi, utwo turemangingo tujya gutura mu musokoro w'umurwayi tugatangira gukora amaraso mashya kandi meza. Ni nko gukuraho imashini yangiritse ugashyiramo imashini nshya kugira ngo wongere utangire uruganda.
Igikuru ni uko umuntu utanga umwotsi w'amagufwa atababara muri iki gikorwa, kuko bikorwa asanzwe afite ikinya.
Kuki hari abantu bakeneye guterwa umwongo w'amagufwa?
Nkuko twabivuze mbere, iki kibazo kibaho iyo umwongo w'amagufwa y'umuntu udakora neza cyangwa urimo gukora uturemangingo turwaye. Buri mwaka, abantu ibihumbi barwara indwara zishobora gukira hakoreshejwe umwongo w'amagufwa. Gutera umwongo w'amagufwa bikorwa ahanini ku ndwara zikurikira:
- Kanseri zivuka mu maraso (urugero: leukemia, lymphoma (lymphoma itari Hodgkin))
- Indwara aho umwongo w'amagufwa udakora neza (urugero: aplastic anemia)
- Zimwe mu ndwara z'amaraso zikomoka ku maraso (urugero: thalassemia)
- Intege nke z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
Ku murwayi nk'uyu, guhabwa umworo mushya kandi muzima ni nko guhabwa ubuzima bwa kabiri.
Ikibazo gikomeye: Kubona umuntu ukwiye!
Ikibazo gikomeye hano ni ukubona umurwayi ukwiriye .Kubona umuntu utanga umworo w'amagufwa. Nareba nte ibi bihuye?
Tekereza ko buri karemangingo mu mubiri wacu gafite 'ikarita y'indangamuntu'. Ibi ni byo mu buvuzi twita HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens) . Izi ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa poroteyine iboneka mu maraso yacu. Noneho, kugira ngo umuntu ashyire umworo w'amagufwa mu maraso ye, indangamuntu, cyangwa ubwoko bwa 'HLA', bw'uwatanze n'uwakiriye bigomba kuba bisa uko bishoboka kose. Mu magambo make, ni nk'ingufuri n'urufunguzo. Niyo gusa ibi bihuye neza, umubiri uzakira uturemangingo dushya twatewe tutabanje kutwanga nk' 'abanzi b'abanyamahanga'.
Ugereranyije, abantu bagera kuri 30% bashobora kubona umuntu wo mu muryango wabo (muvandimwe cyangwa mushiki wabo) utanga umworozi w’amagufwa. Ariko 70% basigaye bagomba guhabwa iyi mpano y’ubuzima n’umuntu utari uwo mu muryango, umuntu batazi. Niyo mpamvu ahantu ho kwandika abatanga umworozi w’amagufwa haguma ku isi hose.
Ese ubwoko cyangwa ubwoko bigira ingaruka ku guhuza?
Yego. Iki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Muri rusange, amahirwe yo guhuza HLA ari menshi mu bantu bo mu bwoko bumwe cyangwa mu bwoko bumwe. Ingirabuzimafatizo zigenzura ubudahangarwa bwacu zigaragaza itandukaniro rimwe na rimwe bitewe n'ubwoko bwacu.
Ibi bivuze ko niba umuntu wo muri Sri Lanka akeneye guterwa umworera w’amagufwa, aba afite amahirwe menshi yo kubona umuterankunga ukwiye muri Sri Lanka. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane ko abantu bo mu moko yose n’imiryango yose biyandikisha nk’abaterankunga b’umworera w’amagufwa. Hanyuma, niba hari uwukeneye, azabasha kubona umuterankunga ukwiye vuba.
Nigute nakwiyandikisha kugira ngo mbe umutanga umworo w'amagufwa?
Niba ushaka kwiyandikisha nk'umutanga umworo w'amagufwa muri Sri Lanka, hari ahantu henshi hakuru ushobora kubona amakuru. Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe kurwanya kanseri, Maharagama kigira uruhare runini muri uru rwego. Ushobora kandi kumenya byinshi kuri ibi binyuze mu Kigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amaraso.
Ubusanzwe inzira yo kwiyandikisha igenda itya:
1. Gutanga amakuru: Ubwa mbere, tuzabona amakuru y'ibanze n'ibisobanuro birambuye ku buzima bwawe.
2. Gufata icyitegererezo: Hanyuma, hafatwa icyitegererezo kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko bwa `HLA` yawe. Ibi biroroshye cyane. Ushobora gukenera gufata uturemangingo duke mu `agasaya` imbere mu kanwa kawe. Cyangwa ushobora gukenera gufata amaraso make cyane.
3. Kwiyandikisha: Ubwoko bwa HLA yawe burasesengurwa kandi ayo makuru ashyirwa mu bubiko bw'abaterankunga.
Nyuma y'ibyo, nta kintu na kimwe ushobora gukora. Uzavugirwaho gusa iyo ubwoko bwawe bwa HLA buhuye n'umurwayi aho ari ho hose ku isi. Ibyo bivuze ko kuba wiyandikishije bitavuze ko uzaba umutanga umworo w'amagufwa. Ushobora kutazigera uhamagarwa. Ariko niba ubikoze, bivuze ko ufite amahirwe yo kurokora ubuzima bw'umuntu.
Ni izihe mpamvu zituma umuntu adashobora gutanga umwongo w'amagufwa?
Nubwo umuntu wese yemerewe kwitabira iyi gahunda nziza, hari ibyangombwa bimwe na bimwe by’ubuzima bifatwa kugira ngo habeho umutekano w’utanga n’uwakira. Ibi bikurikira muri rusange bifatwa nk’ibidashobora gutangwa ku musokoro w’amagufwa.
| Impamvu yo kwamburwa uburenganzira bwo kwemererwa | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Imyaka | Muri rusange, abantu barengeje imyaka 60 ntibemerewe gutanga impano. |
| VIH/SIDA | Umuntu wanduye agakoko gatera SIDA ntashobora gutanga. |
| Indwara zikomeye zo mu bwonko | Indwara zikomeye nka rubagimpande . |
| Indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri | Indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri ni indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira umubiri. |
| Indwara zo kuvura amaraso | Indwara ziterwa n'amaraso nka hemophilia . |
| Kanseri | Niba wigeze kuvurwa kanseri (chimiotherapie, radiation). |
| Diyabete | Abarwayi ba diyabete bafata inshinge za insuline ntibashobora gutanga. |
| Indwara z'umutima | Indwara zikomeye z'umutima. |
| Hepatite B cyangwa C | Iyo iyi virusi igaragaye mu mubiri. |
| Indwara y'impyiko | Indwara y'impyiko idakira. |
Uru rutonde ntabwo rurambuye. Niba ushishikajwe no gutanga impano, ariko ufite ikibazo cy'ubuzima, ni byiza kubiganiraho na muganga wawe . Azashobora gusuzuma amateka y'ubuzima bwawe no kumenya niba uri umukandida mwiza.
Uburyo bwo gutanga umworo w'amagufwa bukora bute?
Tekereza, wanditswe, hanyuma umunsi umwe ugahamagarwa ubwirwa ko ukwiriye umurwayi. Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo kwemera? Reka tubirebe intambwe ku yindi.
1. Mbere yo kubagwa
Ubwa mbere, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange buzasuzumwa. Ibi ni ukugira ngo umenye neza ko umeze neza. Kuri ibi, hazaba hakorwa ibizamini byinshi.
- Ibizamini by'amaraso: Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC), ibizamini by'imikorere y'impyiko n'umwijima (CMP), n'ibizamini by'igihe cyo kuvura amaraso (PTT).
- Ibizamini by'ubwandu: Suzuma indwara zitandukanye zandura nka VIH, umwijima, na virusi ya cytomegalovirus (CMV).
- Ibindi bizamini: ECG na X-ray yo mu gituza bikorerwa kugira ngo barebe imikorere y'umutima.
Nyuma y'ibi byose, umuganga w'indwara zo gusinziriza azagusuzuma kandi akutegurire kubagwa.
2. Mu gihe cyo kubagwa
Ibi biba mu cyumba cyo kubaga.
- Ubwa mbere, uzahabwa ikinya rusange. Bityo ntuzumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose , uzaba usinziriye burundu.
- Bazagusubiza ku nda yawe maze bakuryamishe.
- Hanyuma, muganga ashyira urushinge rwihariye mu ruhu ruri inyuma y'igufwa ryawe ry'ikibuno maze akarukuramo amazi y'umusokoro w'amagufwa.
- Kuki wahitamo igufwa ryo mu kibuno? Kubera ko ririmo uturemangingo tw’amagufwa n’uturemangingo tw’umubiri wacu kandi dufite ubuzima bwiza.
- Ushobora gukenera gushyiramo urushinge inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo ubone ingano ikenewe.
- Ubusanzwe, hagati ya litiro 1 na 2 (hafi litiro 0.5 - 1) z'umusemburo w'amagufwa uboneka. Nubwo ibi bishobora kumvikana nk'aho ari byinshi, niMunsi ya 10% by'umusemburo wose w'amagufwa yawe. Umubiri wawe wongera kwiyubaka mu byumweru bike.
- Igikorwa cyose kimara isaha imwe .
3. Nyuma yo kubagwa
- Uzajyanwa mu cyumba cyo kwitaba Imana. Ugomba kuhaguma nk'isaha imwe.
- Abaforomo bazagutegereza ko wongera kugira ubwenge kandi bazakomeza kugenzura ibintu nk'imitsi y'umutima n'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
- Bazajya bashyira igitambaro aho urushinge rwashyizwe. Bazajya banareba niba nta kuva amaraso kudasanzwe kwavuye.
- Umaze kubasha kunywa ibinyobwa, umuyoboro wa saline (umuyoboro wa IV) uzakurwaho.
- Abaforomo bazagushishikariza gukora ibintu nko guhumeka cyane no gukorora kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka zo kubura ibitotsi.
Ushobora kumva unaniwe gato kandi ukagira isesemi. Ariko ibyo bizagenda neza buhoro buhoro. Ubusanzwe ushobora gutaha nimugoroba cyangwa umunsi ukurikiyeho. Ariko ntushobora kwitwara ubwawe, ukeneye umuntu ukuyobora.
Ingaruka mbi n'igihe cyo gukira
Kimwe no kubagwa kose, hari ingaruka nke cyane. Hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa no gusinziriza, kwandura indwara, ndetse no kwangirika k'imitsi cyangwa imitsi aho urushinge rwashyizwe. Ariko ibi ni gake cyane .
Mu gihe cyo gukira, ushobora kugira ibi bikurikira:
- Ububabare mu gice cyo hasi cy'umugongo no mu kibuno: Ushobora kumva ubabara kandi ugakomera mu minsi mike, nk'aho wakomeretse. Muganga wawe azakubwira gufata umuti woroshye wo kugabanya ububabare (urugero: parasetamol) kuri ibi.
- Gukomereka: Aho urushinge rwashyizwe hashobora kuba ari ubururu.
- Umunaniro: Hari abantu bumva bananiwe kandi bakagorwa no kugenda iminsi myinshi.
- Kubura icyuma: Ushobora gusabwa gufata inyunganiramirire y'icyuma mu minsi mike kugira ngo bigufashe kugarura urugero rw'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso yawe.
Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu mirimo yabo isanzwe nyuma y'iminsi mike yo kuruhuka . Bishobora gufata ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu kugira ngo bakire neza.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ni ukunyurwa mu mutwe uhabwa muri iyi gahunda. Kumva ko undi muntu, wenda umwana muto, yongeye kuba muzima kubera wowe ni ntagereranywa. Iyo ni yo nyungu ikomeye hano.
Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso by'ubwandu, nko kugira umuriro, gutukura, kubyimba, cyangwa ububabare bukabije aho watewe inshinge, ugomba guhita uhamagara muganga wawe .
Hanyuma, ese utanga inkunga n'uwakira bashobora guhura? Yego. Ariko gusa niba bombi babishaka. Izi nzego zihuza ibikorwa nazo zifasha gutegura inama nk'izo.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Gutanga umworo w'amagufwa ni igikorwa cyiza gishobora kurokora ubuzima bw'umuntu urwaye indwara zidakira nka kanseri y'amaraso.
- Ubu buryo bukorwa hakoreshejwe ikinya cy’inzoga, bityo utanga ubuvuzi ntagire ububabare . Ni ukubaga kwizewe cyane.
- Ikibazo gikomeye ni ukubona umurwayi uhuye na HLA . Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwandika abaterankunga benshi bashoboka.
- Umubiri wawe uzasubirana ingano y'umusemburo w'amagufwa wakira mu byumweru bike , kandi nta ngaruka zizagutera mu gihe kirekire.
- Niba ushishikajwe no kuba umuterankunga, ushobora kubona amakuru arambuye ku bigo nka Maharagama Apeksha Hospital cyangwa Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Gutanga Amaraso.
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