Icyo ugomba kumenya mbere yo kubyara: Gusuzuma umwana utwite mu magambo yoroshye

Ese wowe n'umukunzi wawe muratekereza kubyara umwana? Cyangwa mwamaze gutwita? Icyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi kizaba ingenzi cyane kuri mwe. Hari igihe, nubwo twaba dufite ubuzima bwiza, dushobora kugira impinduka zihishe mu mibiri yacu, ni ukuvuga mu ngirabuzima fatizo zacu, zijyanye n'indwara zimwe na zimwe. Iki ni cyo gihe bivugwa ko turi 'abatwite' indwara runaka. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku 'gupima abatwite', bikorwa kugira ngo tumenye niba turi abatwite.

Mu magambo make, kuba 'umutwara' bivuze iki?

Tekereza kuri ibi, kuri buri kintu cyose kiba mu mubiri wacu (urugero: ibara ry'umusatsi, ibara ry'amaso), dufite kopi ebyiri za gene. Imwe tuyikura kuri mama wacu, indi tuyikura kuri data. 'Uyitwara' ni umuntu ufite inenge nto cyangwa impinduka (ubwoko bw'indwara) muri imwe muri kopi ebyiri za gene ifitanye isano n'indwara runaka.

Ariko, kubera ko indi kopi y'iyi gene ari nzima, 'igabanya' imikorere y'iyifite inenge. Bityo ntugaragaza ibimenyetso. Ufite ubuzima bwiza. Ariko ufite ubushobozi bwo guha abana bawe iyi gene ifite inenge. Ni cyo witwa 'umutwazi'.

Akenshi, ibi bizamini by’ubwandu bireba indwara zivukanwa mu buryo bwa 'autosomal recessive' . Ibi bivuze ko kugira ngo umwana agire iyi ndwara, ababyeyi bombi bagomba kuba ari bo bayifite. Akenshi, nta muntu uzi ko ari yo ikwirakwira. Ibi biterwa nuko nta muntu n'umwe mu muryango ushobora kuba afite iyi ndwara.

Byongeye kandi, hari icyiciro cy'indwara ziterwa n'uturemangingo zitwa 'X-linked' conditions. Izi ndwara zivukanwa binyuze mu miterere y'uturemangingo tw'ibitsina. Izi nazo zipimwa n'ibizamini bimwe na bimwe by'ubwandu.

Iri suzuma ry'abafatabuguzi rikorwa ryari? Kuki ari ingenzi?

Igihe cyiza kandi gikwiye cyo kwipimisha ni mbere yuko uteganya gutwita. Muri ubwo buryo, uba ufite umwanya uhagije wo gufata ibyemezo ku hazaza hawe hashingiwe ku bisubizo, nta mpungenge n'amahoro yo mu mutima.

Tekereza, uramutse umenye ko mwembi mwanduye indwara imwe, washoboraga gutekereza ku mahitamo atandukanye.

• Kurema umwana hakoreshejwe intanga cyangwa intanga z'undi muntu (IVF hakoreshejwe intanga cyangwa intanga).
• Gupima imiterere y’uturemangingo mbere yo gutera intanga bikubiyemo gupima imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’urusoro no gushyira urusoro ruzima gusa mu mura.
• Gufata umwana nk'umwana w'umubyeyi.

Niba utarashobora gukora iki kizamini mbere yuko utwita, ushobora kugikora mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'inda yawe. Nubwo bimeze bityo, uzaba ufite amahirwe yo gutegura igihe cyawe cyo gutwita gishingiye ku bisubizo, kandi nibiba ngombwa, uzakora ibindi bizamini, nka amniocentesis, kugira ngo byemezwe ko umwana ameze neza.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara iki kizamini gisuzuma?

Gupima indwara zifata umuntu zireba indwara nyinshi zisanzwe zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo. Zimwe muri zo ni izi:

• Indwara ya cystic fibrosis
• Indwara y'uturemangingo tw'umutsi
• Thalassemia - Iyi ni indwara ikunze kugaragara muri Sri Lanka.
• Indwara ya Tay-Sachs
• Indwara ya Fragile X

Uretse ibi, ubu hari ibizamini byitwa 'Expanded carrier testing' bishobora gupima izindi ndwara nyinshi icyarimwe. Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite indwara yihariye ya genetiki, ushobora kandi gupimwa iyo ndwara (Targeted carrier screening). Ushobora kubiganiraho na muganga wawe byose hanyuma ukabifatira umwanzuro.

Ikizamini gikorwa gute? Ese ni ikibazo gikomeye?

Iki kizamini gikunze gukorwa hakoreshejwe bumwe muri ubu buryo bukurikira:

• Gupima amaraso: Amaraso make akurwa mu kuboko kwawe.
• Ikizamini cy'amacandwe: Agace gato k'amacandwe yawe gakusanyirizwa mu muyoboro.
• Ikizamini cy'inyama: Agatambaro gato gakoreshwa mu gukaraba imbere mu itama ryawe .

Niba hari icyitegererezo kirimo gufatwa mu macandwe cyangwa mu gitambaro cyo ku itama, ushobora kugirwa inama yo kwirinda kurya cyangwa kunywa igihe gito mbere yo gupimwa. Uretse ibyo, nta myiteguro yihariye ikenewe.

Ibisubizo bivuga iki? Twabyumva dute?

Icyitegererezo cyawe cyoherezwa muri laboratwari yihariye y’ubushakashatsi ku ngirabuzimafatizo kugira ngo gipimwe. Bishobora gufata iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru bike kugira ngo ibisubizo bigaruke.

Niba igisubizo ari 'Negative'...

Ibi bivuze ko inenge z’uturemangingo zijyanye n’indwara wapimwe zitabonetse muri wowe. Ibi bivuze ko ibyago byo kurwara izo ndwara ari bike cyane. Ariko ntabwo byavugwa ko ari zeru 100%, kuko ibi bizamini bishobora kutabasha gufata inenge zose z’uturemangingo. Ariko kumenya ko ingaruka ari nke cyane bishobora kuguha impumuro nziza.

Niba igisubizo ari 'Icyiza'...

Ibi bivuze ko uri umuntu urwaye indwara imwe cyangwa nyinshi zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo. Ntugatinye iyo ubyumvise. Ibi ntibivuze ko ufite indwara. Uracyari muzima.

Ariko ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba gukora muri iki gihe ni ugupima n'uwo mwashakanye indwara.

Bite ho niba mwembi mufite indwara imwe?

Aha niho tugomba kwibanda. Niba wowe n'umukunzi wawe mwembi mufite indwara imwe yo mu bwoko bwa autosomal recessive disease, dore amahirwe y'uko buri mwana mubyara azagerwaho n'ingaruka:

Umaze kubona ibi bisubizo, muganga wawe azakujyana ku mujyanama w’indwara z’ibinyabutabire , umuntu ufite ubumenyi bwihariye n’ubumenyi mu ndwara z’ibinyabutabire. Azagusobanurira neza uko ibintu bimeze, agusubize ibibazo byawe, kandi akuganire ku ntambwe zishobora gukurikiraho.

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'iki kizamini?

Ku mubiri, nta ngaruka zikomeye zishobora kubaho uretse kumva ububabare buto bubabaza iyo urimo gukururwa amaraso.

Ariko ugomba no gutekereza ku ruhande rw'imitekerereze. Hari abantu bashobora kumva bafite stress nkeya no guhangayikishwa no kwipimisha no kubona ibisubizo. Kandi ni gake cyane, ushobora gusanga utari umuntu urwaye iyi ndwara gusa, ahubwo unafite ubwoko bworoheje bw'iyi ndwara. Bityo rero, ganira kuri ibi byose na muganga wawe mbere yo kwipimisha. Niba wumva umerewe nabi mu byiyumvo, ntutindiganye kubimenyesha muganga wawe.