Uturemangingo tudasanzwe mu mura w'inkondo y'umura? (Cervical Dysplasia) Ntutinye, reka tubiganireho!

Iyo muganga wawe akubwiye ko raporo yawe ya Pap smear ifite 'uturemangingo tudasanzwe', ugomba kuba warumvise ufite ubwoba bwinshi no gutungurwa, si byo se? Umuntu wese ashobora kugira ubwoba iyo yumvise ijambo nka "precancerous." Ariko reka mbanze mbabwire, ntugire ubwoba. Ibi ntibivuze ko urwaye kanseri. Iyi ni indwara ishobora gukira burundu no kwirindwa kuvamo kanseri iyo ibonetse hakiri kare. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, busobanutse neza, kandi nta mutwaro uri mu mutwe wawe.

Dysplasia y'inkondo y'umura ni iki?

Mu magambo make, iki ni cyo gihe uturemangingo tudasanzwe dukura hejuru y’umura wawe. Reka turebe icyo umura ari cyo. Ni igice cyo hasi cy’umura wawe, igice kikinjira mu gitsina cyawe. Rero, aho kugira ngo uturemangingo tuzima turi hejuru y’umura wawe, hatangira gukura ubwoko butandukanye bw’uturemangingo tudasanzwe.

Tekereza nk'umwobo muto uri ku muhanda. Iyo usigaye utyo, ushobora guhinduka umwobo munini uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ariko iyo tuwusannye tukimara kuwubona, ntabwo uzangiza umuhanda, sibyo? Uko ni ko bimeze. Utu tunyangingo tudasanzwe si utwa kanseri. Ariko iyo tutivuwe igihe kirekire, hari amahirwe ko dushobora guhinduka kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Niyo mpamvu tuyita "precancerous."

Hari irindi zina ry’ubuvuzi ry’ibi, ari ryo Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) . Ntugahangayikishwe n’aya magambo. "Intraepithelial" bivuze ko utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe tuba gusa ku buso (epithelium) bw’umura w’inkondo y’umura, kandi ntitwigeze dukwirakwira imbere. "Neoplasia" bivuze ko utwo turemangingo dushya turimo gukura.

Ese hari intambwe z'ubukana bw'iyi ndwara?

Yego, abaganga bashyira izi selile zidasanzwe mu byiciro bitatu (CIN stages) bitewe n'uburyo zakwirakwiriye mu gice cy'umura. Ibi bigaragazwa no gusuzuma ingirabuzimafatizo hifashishijwe mikorosikopi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?

Dore ikintu gitangaza abantu benshi. Ubusanzwe indwara ya cervical dysplasia ntabwo itera ibimenyetso. Ushobora kutwumva hari impinduka, ububabare, cyangwa kubabara.

Ni gake cyane, abagore bamwe

• Kuva amaraso mu gitsina ku buryo budasanzwe.
• Kuva amaraso make (kugaragara) nyuma y'imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Ibintu nk'ibyo bishobora kubaho.

Ibi bigaragaza akamaro ko kwipimisha Pap smear ku gihe. Ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kumenya niba ufite iyi ndwara mbere yuko ugira ikibazo, utiriwe utegereza ko ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara.

Kuki ibi bibaho? Impamvu ni iyihe?

Impamvu nyamukuru kandi rukumbi y’ibi ni virusi yitwa HPV (Human Papillomavirus) . Iyi ni virusi ikunze kwandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uti: "Niba mfite indwara yo mu mura, ese mfite HPV?" Yego, ni ukuri. Ariko ikindi kintu kibi si ukuri. Ni ukuvuga ko atari buri wese wanduye virusi ya HPV uzarwara indwara yo mu mura. Akenshi, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu bushobora kurwanya virusi no kuyikuraho burundu mu mubiri mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Hari ubwoko burenga 100 bwa virusi za HPV. Zimwe muri zo, cyane cyane HPV-16 na HPV-18,Ubwoko bw'indwara ziterwa n'akaga gakomeye, nk'izitera impinduka mu turemangingo tw'inkondo y'umura kandi zishobora gutera indwara ya dysplasia y'inkondo y'umura.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago?

Nubwo bidashoboka kuvuga neza impamvu bamwe mu bantu barwaye HPV ari bo bonyine barwara dysplasia yo mu mura, hari ibintu byinshi byagaragaye byongera ibyago byo kurwara.

• Kunywa itabi: Abagore banywa itabi cyangwa banywa ibikomoka ku itabi bafite amahirwe abiri yo kurwara iyi ndwara. Kunywa itabi bigabanya imbaraga z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bigatuma udashobora kurwanya HPV.
• Kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye: Niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bwacitse intege bitewe n'izindi ndwara (urugero: agakoko gatera SIDA) cyangwa imiti imwe n'imwe, bishobora kugorana ko umubiri wawe ukira ubwandu bwa HPV.

Ubibona ute, Muganga?

Iyi gahunda yo gusuzuma indwara ikorwa intambwe ku yindi ku buryo bukurikira.

1. Pap Smear: Iyi ni intambwe ya mbere. Umuganga wawe w’abagore azafata icyitegererezo cy’uturemangingo turi hejuru y’umura wawe maze atwohereze muri laboratwari kugira ngo basuzumwe hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Ibi ni ukureba cyane cyane uturemangingo tudasanzwe.

2. Colposcopy: Niba Pap smear yawe igaragaza uturemangingo tudasanzwe, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kuyisuzuma. Ibi bikubiyemo gusuzuma umura wawe w'inkondo y'umura hakoreshejwe urumuri rwihariye n'icyuma gikuza (nk'icyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya telesikope). Ibi bigufasha kubona neza uturemangingo tudasanzwe.

3. Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Iyo muganga abonye ahantu hakekwa mu gihe cyo kubaga colposcopy, azafata agace gato k'uruti akakohereza muri laboratwari. Ibi byitwa biopsy. Raporo izemeza niba ufite CIN 1, 2, cyangwa 3.

Muganga wawe azagusobanurira byose kuri buri ntambwe. Nta mpamvu yo gutinya.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo icyiciro cya CIN ufite, imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, ndetse niba uteganya kubyara.

Uburyo bwo kuvura CIN 1

Niba ufite indwara idatera ibyago byinshi (CIN 1), birashoboka ko utazakenera ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose. Ibi biterwa nuko iyo ndwara ishobora kurangira ubwayo. Muganga wawe azakubwira ati "Reka dutegereze turebe." Ibyo bivuze ko ugomba kwipimisha Pap smear buri gihe (nk'igihe cyose cy'amezi 6 cyangwa umwaka) kugira ngo urebe niba uturemangingo tudasanzwe twahindutse cyangwa tugenda.

Uburyo bwo kuvura CIN 2 na CIN 3

Niba ufite indwara iri hagati cyangwa ikomeye nka CIN 2 cyangwa CIN 3, muganga wawe azakugira inama yo gukuraho uturemangingo tudasanzwe. Ibi bifite amahirwe 90% yo gukira burundu iyo ndwara. Hari uburyo bwinshi bw'ingenzi bukoreshwa muri ibi.

• LEEP (Uburyo bwo Gukuraho Uturemangingo mu Gukoresha Electrosurgical Excision): Muri ubu buryo, umugozi w'insinga z'amashanyarazi ukoreshwa mu gukata no gukuraho agace k'ingingo zirimo uturemangingo tudasanzwe.
• Uburyo bwo gusuzuma icyuma gikonjesha: Igice cy'urugingo rumeze nk'urubuto gikurwa mu mura w'inkondo y'umura hakoreshejwe icyuma cyo kubaga. Ibi bikuraho uturemangingo twose tudasanzwe.
• Gucibwa igitsina: Ibi ntibikorwa kenshi. Gusa iyo ubundi buryo bwo kuvura budafashije cyangwa indwara igakomeza, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kubaga nyababyeyi yose n'inkondo y'umura, hashingiwe ku kuba ukeneye kubyara.

Buri buryo bwo kuvura bufite ibyiza n'ibibi byabwo. Muganga wawe azaganira nawe ku buryo bwo kuvura bukubereye.

Wakwirinda iki kibazo gute?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda indwara ya cervical dysplasia ni ukwirinda kwandura virusi ya HPV itera iyo ndwara. Hari ibintu byinshi wakora kugira ngo bigufashe.

• Shaka urukingo rwa HPV: Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Uru rukingo rufasha mu kurinda ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa HPV butera kanseri y'inkondo y'umura n'ibisebe byo mu gitsina. Niba waramaze kwandura HPV cyangwa ufite dysplasia yo mu mura, uru rukingo ntirushobora kurukiza. Ariko, rushobora gufasha mu gukumira kwandura ubundi bwoko bwa HPV mu gihe kizaza.
• Kora imibonano mpuzabitsina itekanye: Gukoresha agakingirizo bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura HPV.
• Gupima Pap smear ku gihe: Nubwo ibi bidashobora kubuza iyi ndwara gukura, bitanga amahirwe meza yo kuyimenya mu ntangiriro no kuyivura mbere yuko ihinduka kanseri. Nyuma y'imyaka 21, ni byiza ko umuntu apimwa Pap smear nibura buri myaka 3.
• Kureka kunywa itabi burundu: Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, kunywa itabi byongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara.