Ese muganga wawe yaba yarakubwiye cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe gukora 'ikizamini cy'IFI'? Ese wagize ubwoba cyangwa ubwoba ubwo wumvise iryo zina? Ese watekereje uti "Iki kizamini kidasanzwe ni ikihe?"? Ni ibisanzwe kumva utyo. Ariko nta mpamvu yo guhangayika. Ntabwo bigoye nkuko ubitekereza, kandi si ikintu cyo gutinya. Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge mu buryo bworoshye, mu rurimi rwacu, ku cyo iki kizamini cy'IFI ari cyo, icyo gisa, n'uko gikorwa.
Mbere ya byose, iki kizamini cy'amafi ni iki?
Mu magambo make, FISH ni ikizamini cyihariye cya laboratwari gishakisha impinduka cyangwa amakosa mu ngirabuzimafatizo na chromosomes biri mu turemangingo tw'umubiri wacu. Ni nko gusuzuma ikarita y'uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu.
Kugira ngo tubisobanukirwe neza gato, reka dufate umubiri wacu nk'isomero rinini.
- Chromosomes: Chromosomes ni nk'ububiko bw'ibitabo muri iyo somero. Buri ngirabuzimafatizo y'umuntu ifite amabara 23 y'ubu bubiko bw'ibitabo.
- Ingirabuzimafatizo: Ibyo bitabo biri ku bubiko ni ingirabuzimafatizo. Ibi bitabo birimo amabwiriza yose umubiri wacu ukeneye kugira ngo ukore. Si ibara ry'umusatsi wacu gusa, ibara ry'amaso, uburebure, ahubwo n'imikorere yose mu mubiri wacu igenzurwa n'amakuru ari muri ibyo bitabo byitwa ingirabuzimafatizo.
- ADN: Inyuguti n'amagambo byanditswe muri ibi bitabo ni ADN. Ni ukuvuga ko amabwiriza yose umubiri wacu ukeneye ari muri ADN.
Noneho tekereza ko bimwe mu bitabo (genes) muri iyi somero bifite amapaji abura (gusiba), bimwe byongeweho (amplification), cyangwa igitabo cyagombaga kuba ku gikoresho kimwe cyimuriwe mu kindi gikoresho (translocation). Byagenda bite se biramutse bibaye? Amabwiriza umubiri ubona yaba atari yo. Ni ukubera ayo mabwiriza atari yo atuma indwara nka kanseri n'izindi ndwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo zivuka.
Ikizamini cya FISH kimeze nk'"umushakashatsi ukomeye" ukoresha urumuri rw'amabara kugira ngo amenye neza aho n'icyahindutse mu miterere y'uturemangingo.
Iki kizamini cy'amafi gikora gite?
Nubwo uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bujyanye n'ubumenyi, ndabugusobanurira nkoresheje urugero rworoshye cyane.
Tekereza ukeneye gushaka interuro runaka mu gitabo kinini. Ukora iki? Ubonye interuro ukayishyiramo agakoresho k'amabara menshi. Hanyuma biroroshye kongera kuyibona.
Ibi nibyo bibaho mu isuzuma rya FISH. Muri laboratwari, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakora ibice bya ADN bihuye n'igice cyihariye cya gene bashaka kureba mu icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo twawe. Ibi byitwa 'probes'. Hanyuma, bashyiraho ibirango bya fluorescent kuri ibi bice bya ADN byakozwe. Ibi bimeze nk'ikaramu zo kwerekana.
Hanyuma, bafata icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo twawe (nk'amaraso cyangwa ingingo) hanyuma bakongeramo utu 'probes' twanditseho amabara. Hanyuma habaye ikintu gitangaje. 'Probe' ibona aho gene ihuye nayo iri ikayivangavanga.
Hanyuma, iyo umuhanga mu by’indwara ayirebye akoresheje mikorosikopi yihariye (mikorosikopi y’urumuri), 'ibipimo' bifatanye n’icyo gice cy’uturemangingo birabagirana nk’amatara y’amabara, nk’inyenyeri zimurika mu mwijima.
- Mu kazu gasanzwe: Ingano y'urumuri rw'amabara yitezwe igaragara ahantu hakwiye.
- Mu karemangingo kadasanzwe: Ushobora kubona amabara menshi kuruta uko wari witeze (amplification), cyangwa ushobora kutabona ibara wifuza kubona (gusiba), cyangwa ushobora kubona amabara abiri agomba kuba ari kumwe ariko ari kure cyane (translocation).
Ni ukureba iyo miterere y'urumuri rumurika cyane, abaganga bashobora kukubwira neza impinduka ziri mu turemangingo twawe.
Ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi ikizamini cy'amafi gishaka?
Ikizamini cy'amafi gikorerwa ahanini kubera impamvu zitandukanye. Reka turebere hamwe impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo ishobora kubona n'indwara zijyana na zo.
| Impinduka mu buryo bugaragara mu ngirabuzimafatizo | Igitekerezo gusa |
|---|---|
| Kongera ubushobozi | Kugira kopi nyinshi za gene kuruta uko byari byitezwe. Nk'uko wakwigana no gupakira urupapuro rumwe rw'igitabo inshuro nyinshi. Iyo urebye ukoresheje mikorosikopi, ubona urumuri rwinshi rw'ibara rimwe. |
| Kwimura | Igice cya gene kigomba kuba kuri chromosome imwe kiracika kigahuza n'ikindi chromosome. Ni nko gukura igice mu gitabo kimwe ukagishyira mu kindi. Aho kugira ngo amatara abiri y'amabara yegeranye, asa n'aho ari kure cyane. |
| Gusiba | Gusiba cyangwa gusiba burundu igice cya gene muri chromosome. Ni nko gusiba urupapuro mu gitabo. Iyo urebye ukoresheje mikorosikopi, urumuri rw'amabara ntirukigaragara aho rugomba kuba ruri. |
Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kumenyekana binyuze muri izi mpinduka?
Ikizamini cy'amafi ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye, cyane cyane kanseri, no gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura.
- Ubwoko bwa kanseri:
- Kanseri y'ibere: By'umwihariko, shakisha uburyo bwo kongera imiterere y'uturemangingo (HER2). Iyo hari ubwo buryo bwo kongera imiterere y'uturemangingo, hashobora gutangwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura iyo imiterere y'uturemangingo.
- Leukemia: Kumenya ubwoko bwa leukemia ikabije n'iya kera.
- Lymphoma
- Kanseri y'umusemburo w'amagufwa (Multiple Myeloma)
- Kanseri y'ibihaha, igifu n'uruhago
- Indwara z'uturemangingo mbere yo kubyara no nyuma yo kubyara: Suzuma umwana mbere cyangwa nyuma yo kubyara kugira ngo urebe niba afite ibibazo bya chromosome, nka Down syndrome.
- Gutera inda mu buryo bwa vitro (IVF): Ubu buryo bukoreshwa kandi mu gupima intanga ngore kugira ngo zirebe niba zitameze neza mu mikorosomu mbere yuko zijyanwa mu buryo bwa vitro (IVF).
Ni gute nakwitegura ikizamini cya FISH?
Uburyo witegura iki kizamini biterwa n'icyitegererezo urimo gufata. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'icyitegererezo bushobora gufatwa kuri iki gikorwa.
- Gupima amaraso: Niba muganga wawe akeka ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite ikibazo cy’uturemangingo, iki kizamini gishobora gukorwa mu gufata amaraso make nk'uko bisanzwe. Ibi ntibisaba kwitegura byihariye.
- Gupima umwana utwite: Niba uturemangingo tw’umwana turimo gupimwa mu gihe atwite, muganga azakora ikizamini cyitwa "amniocentesis," gikubiyemo gufata amazi make ya amniotic mu nda ya nyina.
- Gupima kanseri: Iyo hakekwa ko kanseri ifata agace gato k'umubiri kavanywe mu kibyimba cyangwa mu musokoro w'amagufwa kugira ngo gapimwe (gupima umworo w'amagufwa). Mbere yo gupima, muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza y'uko wayitegura, kuko hakenewe ikinya.
- Isuzuma ry'inkari: Hari igihe icyitegererezo cy'inkari gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma cyangwa kugenzura kanseri y'uruhago.
Igikuru ni ukuganira neza na muganga wawe ku bwoko bw'icyitegererezo uzafatwa n'uko wabyitegura.
Bigenda bite nyuma yo kwakira raporo y'ikizamini?
Ubusanzwe bishobora gufata hagati y'icyumweru kimwe n'icyumweru bine kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya FISH. Muganga wawe azakubwira iki gihe mbere y'igihe.
Ibisubizo ni 'byiza'.Iyo bivuzwe, bivuze ko hari ikibazo cy’uturemangingo cyangwa chromosome mu ngero z’uturemangingo twawe.
Ni ibisanzwe kugira ubwoba no guhangayika iyo ubonye ibisubizo nk'ibi. Ariko ibuka ko ibi bisubizo ari amahirwe yo gusobanukirwa neza ikibazo cyawe. Kandi, hashingiwe kuri aya makuru, muganga wawe azashobora guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.
Urugero, niba iki kizamini cyagaragaje ko kanseri ifite ihinduka ry’uturemangingo, uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gutangwa kugira ngo hamenyekane iryo hinduka, bigatuma ingaruka mbi zigabanuka kandi umusaruro ukarushaho kuba mwiza.
Bityo rero, aho guhangayikishwa n'ibisubizo no guhangayika wenyine, ganira na muganga wawe witonze kandi wumve neza icyo bivuze n'ingamba ugomba gutera nyuma yaho.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ikizamini cya FISH ni ikizamini cyihariye gishakisha impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo zawe na chromosomes. Nta mpamvu yo gutinya ibi.
- Ibi ni nko gushyira ikimenyetso ku makuru y'ingenzi ari muri ADN yawe ukoresheje agakoresho k'amabara gapima.
- Iki kizamini gikora cyane mu gusuzuma kanseri n'izindi ndwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo, ndetse no gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura.
- Baza muganga wawe uburyo bwo kwitegura ikizamini n'igihe bizatwara kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo.
- Uko ibisubizo by'ibizamini byaba biri kose, vuga ku kibazo cyangwa impungenge ufite kuri muganga wawe. Ufite amakuru n'ubuyobozi bikwiye, ushobora guhangana n'ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose.
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