Ese imvugo yawe yahindutse nk'iy'umunyamahanga? Reka twige ku ndwara yo kwanga urujijo rw'amahanga!

Ese wigeze wibaza uko byaba bimeze iyo uburyo uvuga buhinduka mu buryo butunguranye, abantu bakakumva uvuga nk'aho ukomoka mu kindi gihugu? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku mimerere idasanzwe, ariko ifatika. Ibi byitwa Foreign Accent Syndrome . Tekereza gato, iyo urimo kuvuga ubusanzwe mu rurimi rwa Sinhala, ijwi ryawe n'imivugire y'amagambo birahinduka, maze umuntu ukumva ashobora gutekereza ko ukomoka mu gihugu cy'amahanga. Ibi bishobora kumvikana nk'ibidasanzwe kubyumva, si byo se? Ariko ibi birashoboka koko.

Iyi ndwara yitwa Foreign Accent Syndrome ni iyihe?

Mu magambo make, indwara yo kwangirika kw'amagambo yo hanze (FAS) ni indwara aho uburyo uvuga buhinduka mu buryo butunguranye kandi bugaragara. Nk'uko izina ribivuga, abandi bumva nk'aho uvuga mu buryo butari ubwo mu mahanga. Ariko ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka ni uko mu by'ukuri utari kwiga imvugo nshya. Birashoboka ko biterwa n'impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko bwawe.

Iyo uhuye n'iki kibazo, ijwi ryawe rimeze nk'iry'umuntu ukomoka mu kindi gihugu, abahanga mu by'indimi n'abantu bafite iyo mivugire bakunze kumenya ko idahuye neza n'iyo mivugire. Ni ukuvuga ko hari itandukaniro mu buryo uvuga amagambo, uburyo utanga amajwi.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS)?

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'iyi ndwara. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

1. Imiterere y'umubiri (Structural FAS): Ibi bibaho iyo habayeho kwangirika kw'ibice by'ubwonko bigenzura imitsi ukoresha mu kuvuga. Tekereza nk'iyo igice cya moteri y'imodoka cyangiritse, ijwi rihinduka.

2. FAS ikora: Ubu ni ubwoko bwa FAS abaganga badashobora kubona impamvu isobanutse neza. Rimwe na rimwe ishobora guterwa n'igicuri cyangwa migraine. Ishobora kandi kujyana n'indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe. Hari igihe abaganga bayita FAS yo mu mutwe , bivuze ko idaterwa n'inenge iri mu bwonko.

Hashobora kubaho izindi nkomoko ebyiri:

• FAS Ivanze: Ibi bivuze ko ufite FAS ikora neza, ariko hari n'imiterere y'ubwonko idafite aho ihuriye, ariko bisa nkaho idafitanye isano itaziguye na FAS.
• Iterambere rya FAS: Ibi bigaragarira mu bantu bafite ubwonko butandukanye (bivuze ko, abafite iterambere ry’ubwonko n’imikorere itandukanye n’isanzwe). Bikekwa ko biterwa n’itandukaniro mu mikurire n’imikorere y’ubwonko.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'impinduka mu ijwi n'impinduka nyayo mu mivugire?

Iyo ugorwa no kugenzura ibice bitandukanye by'umunwa wawe, nko ku rurimi rwawe n'iminwa yawe, ijwi ukora rishobora guhinduka cyane. Izi mpinduka zishobora gutera ubwoba abakumva, cyane cyane iyo batamenyereye kumva uvuza utyo.

Urugero, iyo tuvuga "karek", tuvuga "ra". Ariko mu mvugo zimwe na zimwe z'amahanga, "ka" irangizwa n'ijwi nka "a" aho kuba "ra". Ariko, izi mpinduka z'amajwi ku muntu ufite FAS ntizihuza neza nko mu mvugo nyayo. Ni ukuvuga ko nubwo "ra" itavugwa iyo uvuga "karek", iyo uvuga ijambo nka "karatte" "ra" ishobora kuvugwa, cyangwa ishobora no guhinduka. Kubwibyo, imvugo yabo ntabwo ihuye neza n'imvugo isa nayo.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri, FAS ni indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane. Yasobanuwe bwa mbere n’umuhanga mu by’imitsi w’Umufaransa Pierre Marie mu 1907. Kuva icyo gihe, abantu bagera ku 100 bemejwe ko barwaye iyi ndwara ni bo bagaragaye. Ibi bivuze ko ari indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi?

Ibimenyetso bya FAS bifitanye isano ahanini n'uburyo uvuga iyo uvuga.

Ingaruka z'ingenzi n'imiterere

FAS ikunze kugira ingaruka ku buryo imvugo yawe igenda ihinduka. Izi ngorane zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Umuvuduko wo kuvuga.
• Ijwi n'uburyo ijwi rimeze.
• Guhuza.
• Gushyira imbaraga mu nyuguti zimwe na zimwe – ni ukuvuga kuvuga inyuguti zimwe mu ijwi riranguruye izindi mu buryo bworoshye.
• Uburebure bw'amajwi.
• Ingano y'ijwi.
• Uguhinduranya amagambo – Urugero, iyo ijwi rizamutse ku iherezo ry'interuro, rimera nk'ikibazo.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara muri ubwo bwoko bwombi bwa FAS ni:

• Kuvuga buhoro buhoro cyangwa ku muvuduko utandukanye.
• Gushyira akaruhuko kenshi cyangwa karekire hagati y'amagambo cyangwa interuro.
• Gutangaza amajwi amwe n'amwe birenze uko bikenewe.
• Gusiga amajwi cyangwa gusimbuza andi majwi (urugero, gusimbuza "th" mu ijambo "igikumwe" n'ijwi "f", bigatuma byumvikana nka "fumb", cyangwa gushyira "h" mu ijambo "inzu" kugira ngo byumvikane nka "ouse").
• Kugorwa no kuvuga amajwi amwe neza, nk'aho umunwa wafashe (ibi bisa n'indwara yitwa dysarthria ).
• Guhindura amajwi cyangwa gukora amajwi mu buryo butari bwo (ibi bisa n'ibibaho mu bwana mu gihe cyo kudakoresha neza imvugo ku bana bato) .

Ibindi bintu byagaragaye muri Structural FAS

Imiterere ya FAS ni indwara aho ibice by'ubwonko bikoreshwa mu kuvuga cyangwa ibindi bifitanye isano bidakora neza. Ingaruka zabyo ni izi:

• Kugorwa no guhitamo amagambo (ibi biba mu gice gitandukanye cy'ubwonko n'igice kigenzura imitsi yo kuvuga).
• Ubunebwe bw'imitsi cyangwa ubumuga ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri (hemiplegia ).
• Guhinda umushyitsi cyangwa imitsi idakora neza.

Ibimenyetso bigaragara kuri Functional FAS

Kubera ko FAS idafitanye isano n'ibibazo by'ubwonko, ishobora no guherekezwa n'ibimenyetso by'indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe:

• Imiterere y'indwara zo mu mutwe , urugero nko kubona ibintu mu buryo butari bwo cyangwa kwibeshya.
• Kutamenya icyo kuvuga cyangwa gukora ari cyo gikwiye.
• Impinduka mu byiyumvo n'ingufu, nko kwiheba cyangwa kwiheba .

Ni iki gitera ibi?

Impamvu za FAS ziterwa n'ubwoko bwihariye.

Impamvu za FAS mu miterere

Ubu bwoko bwa FAS bukunze guterwa no kwangirika kw'igice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko bwawe ('agace k'imbere') - akenshi uruhande rw'ibumoso. Impamvu nyamukuru z'ubu bwangirike zishobora kuba:

• Gutera imitsi yo mu bwonko (stroke).
• Ibikomere bikomeye byo mu mutwe ( Impanuka zo mu bwonko ziteye ubwoba - TBIs ).
• Guturika k'umuyoboro w'amaraso mu bwonko (aneurysm yo mu bwonko ).
• Kanseri y'ubwonko .
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS) ni indwara iterwa n'imitsi.
• Indwara yo kwiheba imbere mu gihe cy'impinduka (cyane cyane ubwoko bwitwa progressive primary aphasia) .

Impamvu zitera FAS ikora neza

Impuguke ntiziramenya neza impamvu FAS ibaho. Kimwe mu bishoboka ni uko bibaho bitewe n'uko ibikorwa by'ubwonko bidatunganijwe neza cyangwa bitewe n'uko ibice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko bikora cyane. Urugero, FAS ibaho cyangwa ikarushaho kwiyongera mu gihe umuntu arwaye migraine. Migraine ifitanye isano n'ihungabana rikomeye mu mikorere y'ubwonko.

Abaganga bashobora kandi guhuza FAS n'indwara yitwa indwara y'ibimenyetso by'imitsi ikora (inazwi kandi nk'indwara yo guhinduka ). Iki ni cyo gihe uhura n'ibimenyetso nyabyo by'umubiri bitewe n'ikibazo mu bwonko, ariko nta mpamvu igaragara itera ibyo bimenyetso.

FAS ikora ishobora kandi kuba ifitanye isano n'indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe. Urugero, schizophrenia , indwara ya bipolar , cyangwa indwara zo kwitandukanya n'abandi . Hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza impamvu ibi bibaho n'isano iri hagati ya FAS n'izi ndwara. FAS ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane, bityo biragoye gukora ubushakashatsi.

Impamvu zitera FAS zivanze

Impuguke ntizi neza impamvu FAS ivanze iba. Kimwe mu bishoboka ni uko hari abantu bashobora kurwara FAS cyane. Iyo bafite ikibazo cyo mu mutwe, imvune, cyangwa ikindi kintu nk'indwara yo mu mutwe cyangwa indwara yo gupfukama, ibyo bishobora kuba bihagije kugira ngo bihungabanye imikorere y'ubwonko bikanatera FAS. Nanone, umuntu ashobora kugira ibimenyetso by'imikorere mbere yuko haboneka impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu miterere y'umubiri.

Ikindi gishoboka ni uko FAS y’imiterere ishobora gukurikirwa na FAS y’imikorere. Kubana na FAS bishobora kugorana, kandi bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira ibimenyetso by’imikorere mu gihe bagerageza kumenyera imiterere yabo.

Impamvu zitera iterambere rya FAS

Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu bwonko butandukanye bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bya FAS cyangwa ibindi bisa. Impuguke zizera ko ibi bishobora guterwa n'itandukaniro mu mikurire y'ubwonko cyangwa imikorere yabwo. Indwara nk'izo zikunze kugaragara gake cyane. Zishobora kandi kuba imikorere ya FAS, ifitanye isano n'indwara nka autism spectrum disorder hamwe n'indwara yo kudakora neza no kudakora neza (ADHD) .

Ese hari ibintu byihariye bishobora gutera indwara y’imikorere y’umubiri (functional accent syndrome)?

Kubera ko ari gake cyane, nta bintu byihariye byatera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya FAS byaragaragajwe.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'iyi ndwara?

FAS ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw'umuntu. Hari ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara nko kwiheba no guhangayika . Ibi bishobora guterwa na:

• Umuryango, inshuti n'abakunzi bashidikanya niba iyi ndwara n'ibimenyetso byayo ari ukuri.
• Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara ku buryo bigoye kuyisuzuma. Ibi bivuze ko abaganga bashobora kuyirengagiza cyangwa bakayibeshyaho indi ndwara.
• Gutinya ko abandi bakwitwara nabi, urugero nko gushinyagurirwa cyangwa gutotezwa.
• Guhangayikishwa n'uko abandi batazumva iyo uvuga.
• Kugorwa no kugumana cyangwa kubona akazi bitewe n'uburyo uvuga.
• Kurushaho kwiyongera kw'ibimenyetso by'indwara zo mu mutwe zari zisanzweho.

Tekereza, iyo uburyo wahoraga uvuga buhinduka mu buryo butunguranye, wakumva umeze ute? Ese abandi bakumva? Ibintu nk'ibi bishobora gutera imihangayiko myinshi.

Indwara y'ubudahangarwa bw'amahanga ipimwa ite?

Ubusanzwe indwara ya FAS ipimwa n'inzobere mu by'imitsi , inzobere mu by'indwara zo mu rurimi rw'imivugire (SLP) , cyangwa byombi bivanze. Hari uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa kugira ngo ibi bikorwe.

Bimwe mu bipimo bikunze gukoreshwa n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma indwara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Gupima CT (Isuzuma rya mudasobwa - Gupima CT)
• Gupima MRI (Ishusho ya Magnetic Resonance - Gupima MRI)
• Gupima PET (Positron Emission Tomography - Gupima PET)
• EEG (Electroencephalogram - EEG) (ikizamini gipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko)
• Gupima SPECT (Gupima Ifotoni Imwe Isohora Ingufu - Gupima SPECT)
• Isuzuma ry'imitsi
• Ibizamini byo mu mutwe ( ibizamini bireba ibintu nko gutekereza, kwibuka, nibindi)
• Ibizamini by’ubwonko ( ibipimo bireba isano iri hagati y’imikorere y’ubwonko n’imyitwarire)

Structural FAS biroroshye kuyisuzuma, kuko impamvu nyinshi zishobora kuboneka binyuze mu gupima no mu bindi bipimo.

Ibi bivurwa bite?

Ubusanzwe indwara ya FAS ivurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvura impamvu nyamukuru. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gutandukana cyane. Inzira ikora ku ndwara imwe ishobora kudakora ku yindi. Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira byinshi ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye n'ibyo agusaba.

Indwara zikomoka ku mikorere n’izikomoka ku mikorere itandukanye, cyane cyane abafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe, zishobora kuba nziza iyo umuntu avuwe indwara ishingiye ku ndwara cyangwa ifitanye isano nayo. Indwara nka schizophrenia cyangwa indwara ya bipolar zishobora kuvurwa n’imiti, ubuvuzi bw’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, cyangwa byombi.

Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga bushobora kugirira akamaro hafi ya buri wese ufite FAS. Bushobora kubafasha gusobanukirwa impinduka runaka mu ijwi ryabo no gukora ku buryo bwo kuzinoza cyangwa kuzikosora. Bushobora kandi kubafasha gushyiraho ingamba zo kuborohereza kuvugana n'abandi no kumva bamerewe neza.

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe mfite indwara yo kwangirika kw'amajwi y'amahanga?

FAS si indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga (nubwo ishobora kubaho hamwe n’izindi ndwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga). Ariko, FAS ishobora guhungabanya ubuzima bwawe ikagutera agahinda. Ibi bishobora kugorana cyane cyane iyo bigoye kubona isuzuma.

Uburyo FAS itera imbere biterwa n'ibintu nk'ibimenyetso byihariye ufite. Kubera ko bihindagurika cyane, muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kukubwira icyo ugomba kwitega.

Indwara yo kwangirika kw'amajwi y'amahanga imara igihe kingana iki?

Igihe ibi bimara gishobora gutandukana cyane. Impamvu z’imiterere y’umubiri zishobora kuba iz’igihe gito cyangwa iza burundu, bitewe n’uko ihinduka ry’ubwonko rihoraho cyangwa niba ubwonko bushobora gukira icyabiteye.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, izi ngaruka zishobora gusubizwa inyuma cyangwa ugakira vuba, nko mu minsi mike. Mu bindi bihe, bishobora gufata igihe kirekire, nk'ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. Zimwe mu mpamvu zitera FAS zirahoraho. Ingero z'impamvu zishobora kuba iz'igihe kirekire zirimo indwara yo kwibagirwa imbere mu gihe cyo kuruhuka no mu gihe cyo kubabara mu bwonko (frontotemporal dementia) na multiple sclerosis (MS) .

Ni iki giteganyijwe kuri iki kibazo?

Uko indwara ya FAS ihagaze bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ibintu byinshi. Iyi ndwara ntabwo ari mbi ubwayo. Ariko, hari ubushakashatsi buke cyane buhari bwo gufasha impuguke kumenya uko iyi ndwara ihagaze muri rusange. Muganga wawe ni we ushobora kukubwira neza icyo wakwitega ku ndwara yawe.

Ese indwara yo kwangirika kw'amajwi y'amahanga ishobora kwirindwa?

FAS ni indwara idakunze kugaragara, bityo nta buryo busobanutse bwo kuyirinda cyangwa kugabanya ibyago.

Ariko, muri rusange ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe wirinda bimwe mu bintu bitera imiterere ya FAS. Ibi birimo:

• Ambara ibikoresho by'umutekano. Ibikomere byo mu bwonko bikomeretsa (TBI) ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera FAS. Kwambara ibikoresho by'umutekano, nk'ingofero n'imikandara, bishobora gufasha mu gukumira imvune zishobora gutera FAS.
• Genzura uburwayi bwawe. Indwara zongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko akenshi zishobora kugenzurwa. Urugero, harimo migraine, diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 , n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension) .
• Gumana ibiro byiza. Uramutse witaye ku byo urya n'uburyo ukora siporo, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko cyangwa ukagabanya ubukana bwayo. Ibi ntibishobora gukumira burundu indwara zishobora gutera indwara ya FAS, ariko n'impinduka nto zishobora gufasha.

Nitwara nte niba mfite indwara yo kwangirika kw'amajwi y'amahanga?

Iyo urwaye indwara ya FAS, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha ubuyobozi bwihariye ku cyo wakora. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ushobora gukora ni ukwitabira ubuvuzi bw'imivugire , niba byagusabye. Bitewe n'imimerere yawe, ubuvuzi bw'imivugire bushobora kugufasha gukira cyangwa kumenyera FAS.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba waranduye indwara ya FAS, ugomba kujya kwa muganga wawe nk'uko byagusabye. Nanone, ujye kwa muganga wawe niba ubonye impinduka mu bimenyetso byawe.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Niba uhuye n'impinduka mu buryo uvuga, ugomba kujya mu cyumba cyita ku barwayi b'ingorabahizi kiri hafi yawe, kuko bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ikintu gikomeye, nko kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko.

Ese indwara yo kwangirika kw'amajwi y'amahanga ni ikintu cy'ukuri?

Yego, indwara yo kutavuga rumwe n'abandi ni indwara nyayo.Ibi ni gake cyane, ariko koko birabaho.

Nakora iki niba muganga atemera ko ibimenyetso byanjye ari ukuri?

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa: FAS ni gake cyane. Abaganga benshi bashobora kutazigera babona umurwayi n'umwe ufite FAS mu kazi kabo kose. Ndetse n'abaganga babihuguriwe kandi b'inararibonye bashobora kwibeshya ko FAS ari ikindi kintu. Niba muganga wawe adashobora kubona ibimenyetso by'ibimenyetso byawe, cyangwa niba asa n'ufite amakenga, bishobora gutera ubwoba. Niba muganga wawe adashoboye kubona impamvu yateye impinduka mu mivugire yawe, ni byiza gushaka ikindi gitekerezo cy'umuganga w'inzobere mu by'imivugire cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitsi.

Indwara yo kwandura indwara y’amahanga ni indwara idasanzwe kandi idasanzwe. Ariko ni ukuri. Kandi ni ikintu impuguke zikomeje kugerageza gusobanukirwa neza. Zimwe mu mpamvu zitera FAS zishobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe scan cyangwa ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara. Izindi zishobora kutamenyekana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo bugezweho.

Waba ushobora kuyisuzuma cyangwa utayisuzuma, FAS ni indwara ishobora guhungabanya ubuzima bwawe cyane. Hari igihe iba ari iy'igihe gito, ariko ishobora no kuba iy'igihe kirekire. Niba ufite iyi ndwara, vugana na muganga. Kuganira na muganga kuri iyi ndwara bishobora kumvikana nk'ubupfapfa cyangwa biteye ubwoba. Ariko ukuri ni uko ari ikibazo cyemewe cy'ubuvuzi. Iyo uvuwe, akenshi ushobora gusubiza inyuma cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka zayo, bityo ukabasha kuvugana n'abagukikije ufite icyizere.

Amaherezo, ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Rero, ndizera ko ubu ufite igitekerezo cyiza ku ndwara y’ubuhanga bwo mu mutwe (Foreign Accent Syndrome) twavuzeho uyu munsi.

• Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara, ariko ikunze kugaragara mu buzima. Si inzozi gusa.
• Icyaba gihari ni uko uburyo utanga amajwi uvuga buhinduka, atari uguhindura imvugo gusa.
• Ibi bishobora guterwa no kwangirika k'ubwonko (imiterere) cyangwa nta mpamvu igaragara (imikorere). Rimwe na rimwe bishobora guterwa n'ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
• Niba imvugo yawe ihindutse mu buryo butunguranye, ntubyirengagize. Shaka abaganga ako kanya. Bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ikintu gikomeye.
• Gusuzuma no kuvura ni ingenzi. Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga bukunze gufasha.
• Ntucike intege n'iki kibazo. Ntabwo uri wenyine. Saba ubufasha, shaka inkunga.

Turizera ko aya makuru azaba ingirakamaro kuri wewe. Tukwifurije ubuzima bwiza wowe n'abakunzi bawe!

` Indwara y'imvugo y'amahanga, Impinduka mu ijwi, Ingorane zo kuvuga, Indwara zo mu bwonko, Indwara zo mu bwonko, Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga, Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe