Ese uzi virusi itera SIDA? Reka tuvuge kuri izi ndwara ziteje akaga (virusi ya SIDA na SIDA)!

Iyo wumvise amagambo VIH na SIDA, ushobora kumva ufite ubwoba gato, si byo se? Nubwo hari inkuru nyinshi zivuga kuri ibi muri sosiyete, ni ngombwa cyane kumenya neza ibyo ari byo, uburyo biterwa, n'uburyo bwo kwirinda. Uyu munsi rero, turabivugaho birambuye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

VIH ni iki? (VIH ni iki?)

Muri make, VIH isobanura Virusi itera indwara zandura. Iyo iyi virusi yinjiye mu mibiri yacu, yibasira ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wacu. By’umwihariko, intego nyamukuru y’iyi virusi ni selile za CD4, ubwoko bw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso turinda imibiri yacu indwara. Uko virusi ya VIH isenya utu turemangingo, ubushobozi bw’umubiri wacu bwo kurwanya indwara buragabanuka buhoro buhoro.

Iyi virusi ya SIDA ikora mu buryo bw'uburiganya cyane. Yinjiza amabwiriza yayo muri ADN y'uturemangingo twacu. Virusi zikora inyuma nk'iyi twita virusi ya retrovirus .

None se SIDA ni iki? (Sida ni iki?)

SIDA isobanura indwara ya Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . Iki ni cyo cyiciro cya nyuma kandi gikomeye cyane cyo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Umuntu urwaye SIDA bivuze ko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwe bwagabanutse cyane kubera virusi itera SIDA, kandi umubare w'uturemangingo twa CD4 waragabanutse cyane. Ibi bituma yibasirwa n'indwara zitandukanye (indwara z'amahirwe) ndetse na kanseri umuntu usanzwe muzima atashoboraga kurwara byoroshye.

Ubusanzwe, iyo ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA budavuwe, bushobora kwiyongera muri SIDA mu myaka 10.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya VIH na SIDA?

Abantu benshi bavangavanga ibi byombi. VIH ni virusi. Ni virusi igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. SIDA ni indwara ikomeye iterwa no kwandura VIH. Ni uruhurirane rw'indwara zibaho iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bucitse intege cyane.

Igikuru ni uko umuntu utarandura agakoko gatera SIDA adashobora kwandura SIDA.

Bitewe n'ubuvuzi bugezweho bwo muri iki gihe, si abantu bose banduye virusi itera SIDA bazarwara SIDA. Ariko, abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA iyo batavuwe, baba bafite ibyago byo kwandura SIDA.

Ni iki virusi itera SIDA ikora ku muntu?

Iyo virusi itera SIDA yinjiye mu mubiri wacu, ihita isangamo uturemangingo twa CD4 (uturemangingo twa T) mu budahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri. Hanyuma irasenya utwo turemangingo. Ibi bigabanya umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera mu mubiri wacu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu, ubusanzwe bushobora gukira byoroshye nubwo twarwara, bucika intege. Ndetse n'indwara ntoya ishobora gukomera.

Iyo wanduye agakoko gatera SIDA bwa mbere, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso nk'ibicurane cyangwa grippe. Hanyuma, agakoko gashobora kumara imyaka myinshi mu mubiri wawe nta bimenyetso. Muri icyo gihe, kangiza uturemangingo twa CD4 mu buryo bwihishe.Iyo umubare w’uturemangingo twa CD4 ugabanutse cyane, cyangwa iyo utangiye kurwara indwara abantu bazima batarwara, bishobora kuvugwa ko ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA bwageze kuri SIDA.

Iyo urwaye SIDA, ushobora gutangira kugabanya ibiro mu buryo butunguranye, kumva unaniwe cyane, ukagira ibisebe mu kanwa cyangwa mu myanya ndangagitsina, ukagira umuriro, ukagira ibyuya nijoro, kandi ukagira ibara ry'uruhu. Nanone, abantu barwaye SIDA bashobora kurwara izindi ndwara na kanseri, bityo ibimenyetso bijyanye na byo bishobora kugaragara.

Reka twige gato ku byerekeye icyo virusi ya retrovirus ari cyo.

Uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu dukora dukurikije igishushanyo mbonera (urutonde rw'amabwiriza) cyitwa ADN. Iyi ADN ikora ubutumwa bwitwa RNA, kandi dukurikije ubwo butumwa, poroteyine umubiri wacu ukeneye zirakorwa.

Ariko, virusi za retrovirusi zikora mu buryo butandukanye. Amabwiriza yazo yanditswe muri RNA. Iyo virusi yinjiye mu turemangingo twacu, ihindura RNA yayo kugira ngo isa na ADN mu turemangingo twacu. Hanyuma, ikagabanya ADN mu turemangingo twacu ikayishyiramo amabwiriza yayo. Hanyuma, uturemangingo twacu dukora dukurikije amabwiriza ya virusi. VIH ni imwe muri izo virusi za retrovirusi.

Ni nde wibasirwa cyane na virusi itera SIDA?

Imyumvire izwi cyane ivuga ko "abantu bamwe na bamwe ari bo bandura agakoko gatera SIDA" ni ibinyoma rwose. Umuntu wese wanduye agakoko gatera SIDA ashobora kwandura. Imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye no gusangira inshinge zo gutera imiti ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwira.

Ariko, dukurikije imibare, hari amatsinda y'abantu yibasiwe cyane na virusi itera SIDA. Muri yo harimo:

• Abaryamana bahuje igitsina, abaryamana bahuje igitsina, abagabo n'abagore.
• Amoko amwe, urugero nk'abirabura n'abanya-Hispanic (ibi ntabwo bifitanye isano na Sri Lanka, ariko iyi ni yo mimerere y'isi yose).
• Abantu batanga serivisi z'imibonano mpuzabitsina kugira ngo babone amafaranga cyangwa ibindi bintu baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA.

Aba bantu si bo bonyine bibasiwe na virusi itera SIDA. Ariko, aya matsinda ahura n'imbogamizi nyinshi mu kwirinda virusi itera SIDA, gupimwa no kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Urwango rw'abaryamana bahuje igitsina, ivanguramoko, ubukene, n'akato gakwirakwira kuri virusi itera SIDA bituma benshi batabona serivisi z'ubuzima zinoze.

Agakoko gatera SIDA gakunze kugaragara gute?

Umubare w'abandura virusi itera SIDA ku isi waragabanutse gato. Ariko umubare munini w'abantu baracyabana na virusi itera SIDA. Icy'ingenzi ni uko umubare munini w'abandura virusi itera SIDA batazi ko bayifite. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kwipimisha virusi itera SIDA buri gihe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA?

Ushobora kwandura virusi itera SIDA nubwo nta bimenyetso ufite. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kwipimisha virusi itera SIDA nubwo waba udafite indwara.

Hari igihe, iyo wanduye ubwa mbere agakoko gatera SIDA, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa n'umuriro cyangwa ibicurane. Ibi byitwa "Acute Retroviral Syndrome" (ARS) . Ibi bimenyetso birimo:

• Umuriro
• Ndimo gukonja.
• Umunaniro
• Kubabara mu muhogo
• Kubabara imitsi
• Kubira ibyuya nijoro
• Uduheri ku ruhu
• Utudomo tw'imitsi tubyimbye
• Ibisebe byo mu kanwa

Ibi bimenyetso bikunze kugabanuka mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri, cyangwa ndetse n'ukwezi.

Ni ibihe byiciro bya virusi itera SIDA?

Hari ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA:

Icyiciro cya 1: Kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA mu buryo bwihuse

Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibimenyetso nk'umuriro cyangwa ibicurane mu kwezi kumwe cyangwa abiri nyuma yo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA. Ibi bimenyetso bikunze kurangira mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa ukwezi. Muri iki gihe , agakoko kaba gakomeje kwiyongera cyane mu mubiri, bityo hakabaho ibyago byinshi byo kwanduza abandi.

Icyiciro cya 2: Kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA kadakira/Kutinda kwa muganga

Nyuma y’igihe cy’ubukana bw’indwara ya SIDA, ushobora kubana na virusi itera SIDA imyaka myinshi utiyumvamo indwara. Ibi byitwa "igihe cy’ubukana bw’indwara zidakira" cyangwa "igihe cyo kugabanuka k’uburwayi." Ikintu cy’ingenzi ugomba kwibuka ni uko nubwo waba utarwaye, ushobora kwanduza abandi virusi itera SIDA. Iyo utabonye imiti, iki cyiciro gishobora kumara imyaka 10 cyangwa irenga. Ariko kuri bamwe, iki cyiciro gishobora kurangira vuba. Abantu bahabwa imiti bashobora kuguma muri iki cyiciro imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

Icyiciro cya 3: SIDA

SIDA ni cyo cyiciro gikomeye cyane cy’ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. Muri iki cyiciro, virusi itera SIDA yagabanyije cyane ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe, bituma urushaho kwibasirwa n’indwara z’indengakamere .

Indwara z’amahirwe ni indwara zikunze kugenzurwa byoroshye n’umuntu ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buzira umuze. Ariko, iyo ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bucitse intege kubera virusi itera SIDA, izo ndwara zishobora kwangiza umubiri cyane.

Ingaruka zo kurwara ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri nazo ziyongera ku bantu barwaye SIDA. Izi kanseri n'indwara z'amahirwe bizwi nka "indwara zisobanura SIDA."

Kugira ngo umuntu agaragarweho SIDA, agomba kuba yaranduye virusi itera SIDA kandi nibura afite imwe muri izi ndwara zikurikira:

• Kugira uturemangingo twa CD4 turi munsi ya 200 kuri milimetero kibe y'amaraso (uturemangingo 200/mm3).
• Kugira indwara imwe cyangwa nyinshi "zisobanura SIDA".

Ni izihe ndwara zigaragaza SIDA?

Ibi birimo indwara z’indengakamere, zimwe muri kanseri (zikunze guterwa na virusi), hamwe n’izindi ndwara zo mu mitsi. Ingero zimwe ni izi:

• Burkitt lymphoma
• Candidiasis y'imitsi yo mu bwoko bwa bronchi, umwobo, trachea cyangwa ibihaha
• Isosporiasis y'amara idakira (cystoisosporiasis) imara igihe kirenga ukwezi
• Coccidioidomycosis, ikwirakwira/isohoka hanze y'ibihaha
• Cryptosporidiosis y'amara idakira imara igihe kirenga ukwezi
• Indwara ya Cytomegalovirus (usibye umwijima, urwagashya, cyangwa utunyangingo tw’amaraso), igaragara ku bantu barengeje ukwezi.
• Cytomegalovirus retinitis (ifite ikibazo cyo kutabona neza)
• Encephalopathy iterwa n'agakoko gatera SIDA
• Cryptococcosis yo hanze y'ibihaha
• Ibisebe bya Herpes simplex (bimara igihe kirenga ukwezi)
• Indwara ya Herpes simplex bronchitis, pneumonitis cyangwa esophagitis (ibaho ku bantu barengeje ukwezi kumwe)
• Histoplasmosis, ikwirakwira/isohoka hanze y'ibihaha
• Indwara yo gutakaza ibiro cyane (syndrome yo gutakaza ibiro cyane)
• Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura yibasira
• Lymphoma y'imyuga irinda umubiri
• Kaposi sarcoma
• Kwandura indwara nyinshi cyangwa zigaruka kenshi za bagiteri
• Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), ikwirakwira/isohoka hanze y'ibihaha
• Mycobacterium kansasii, ikwirakwira/isohoka hanze y'ibihaha
• Igituntu cya Mycobacterium (TB) ahantu hose
• Andi moko ya mycobacteria cyangwa ubwoko butazwi, bukwirakwira/butari mu bihaha
• Umusonga w'umusonga w'umusonga (Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia)
• Lymphoma y'ibanze yo mu bwonko
• Leukoencephalopathy igenda yiyongera ku miterere y'indwara ya kanseri y'ubwonko (PML)
• Umusonga usubira kugaruka
• Septicemia isubira ya Salmonella (itagira tifoyide)
• Toxoplasmose yo mu bwonko (ibaho ku bantu barengeje ukwezi kumwe)

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya SIDA?

Ibimenyetso bya SIDA bishobora guterwa n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ubwayo, ndetse n'izindi ndwara zifatira ku bushobozi bw'umubiri bwo kwirinda indwara bugabanuka. Zimwe muri zo zirimo:

• Kugabanya ibiro vuba
• Guhorana umuriro cyangwa ibyuya byinshi nijoro
• Kumva unaniwe cyane nta mpamvu
• Kubyimba kw'amahane, mu kibuno, cyangwa mu ijosi
• Impiswi imara ibyumweru byinshi
• Ibisebe mu kanwa, mu kibuno, cyangwa mu myanya ndangagitsina
• Umusonga
• Uduce dutukura, umukara, umutuku, cyangwa umuhengeri ku ruhu, imbere mu kanwa, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu maso
• Gutakaza ubwenge, kwiheba, n'izindi ndwara z'imitsi

Ni iki gitera VIH/SIDA?

VIH iterwa na virusi yitwa Virusi itera ubukana bw'imyororokere y'umubiri . Iyi virusi yibasira uturemangingo twa CD4 (uturemangingo twa T) tw'ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri.Barazitera kandi bakazisenya, ibyo bigatuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka.

SIDA ibaho iyo virusi itera SIDA igabanya cyane umubare w'uturemangingo tw'umubiri, igatuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugabanuka kugeza aho budashobora kurwanya izindi ndwara.

Ni gute virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwira?

VIH ishobora kwandurira mu maraso, amasohoro, amazi yo mu gitsina, amashereka, n'ibiremereye by'umuntu wanduye VIH. Umuntu wese ufite igitsina cyangwa igitsina runaka ashobora kwandura VIH akayanduza abandi.

Iyi virusi ishobora kwinjira mu mubiri wawe inyuze mu kanwa, mu maraso, mu gitsina, mu gitsina cyangwa mu ruhu rwavunitse. Keretse habayeho igisebe cyangwa igisebe ku ruhu, iyi virusi ntishobora kwinjira mu ruhu ruzima. Niba utwite kandi ufite agakoko gatera SIDA, iyi virusi ishobora no kwanduza umwana wawe.

Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye no gusangira inshinge zo gutera imiti ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwira. Nubwo waba wumva udafite indwara, ushobora kwanduza abandi virusi itera SIDA.

Ese virusi itera SIDA ishobora kwandurira mu gusomana?

Kubera ko VIH idakwirakwira mu macandwe, si ibisanzwe ko virusi itera SIDA yandurira mu gusomana. Ariko, iyo abafatanyabikorwa bombi bafite ibisebe mu kanwa cyangwa amaraso mu ishinya, hari amahirwe make cyane yo kwandurira mu gihe cyo gusomana mu kanwa, kuko andi mazi ashobora guhindurwamo.

Nanone, virusi itera SIDA ntishobora kwanduzwa binyuze muri ibi bintu:

• Mu gukorakora cyangwa guhobera umuntu urwaye virusi itera SIDA.
• Kuva mu bwiherero rusange cyangwa kuri pisine.
• Gusangira ibikombe, amasahani, cyangwa telefoni n'umuntu ubana n'ubwandu bwa SIDA.
• Kuva ku dukoko turuma nk'imibu.
• Mu gutanga amaraso (ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutanga amaraso muri Sri Lanka ni byiza cyane).

Namenya nte ko mfite agakoko gatera SIDA?

Ntushobora kumenya niba umuntu afite virusi itera SIDA umurebye. Nanone, ushobora kwandura virusi itera SIDA kandi nta bimenyetso ugaragaza. Uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya niba ufite virusi itera SIDA ni ukwipimisha virusi itera SIDA.

Kubera ko umuntu umwe kuri barindwi banduye agakoko gatera SIDA atazi ko barwaye, ni byiza ko buri wese uri hagati y'imyaka 13 na 64 yipimisha agakoko gatera SIDA nibura rimwe mu rwego rwo kwipimisha ubuzima bwe. Iki gipimo ni ubushake kandi ni ibanga.

Agakoko gatera SIDA gapimwa gute? (Isuzuma)

Agakoko gatera SIDA gapimwa hakoreshejwe gupima amaraso cyangwa amacandwe . Ushobora kubona iki gipimo mu rugo (ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gupima mu rugo), kwa muganga, cyangwa mu kigo gipima mu gace utuyemo.

Niba igisubizo cyawe ari "Negative" , nta kindi kizamini gikenewe muri ibi bihe:

• Niba utarahura na virusi itera SIDA mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose mu mezi atatu mbere yo kwipimisha.
• Niba utarahura na virusi mu gihe cyo "kwisuzuma" cyo gupima amaraso (igihe bifata kugira ngo virusi imenyekane). (Niba utazi neza igihe cyo kwisuzuma, baza muganga wawe.)

Niba warahuye n’iki cyorezo mu mezi atatu nyuma yo gupimwa, ni byiza kongera kwipimisha kugira ngo wemeze ko nta kibazo ufite.

Niba ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyawe bigarutse "Byiza", laboratwari izakora ibindi bizamini kugira ngo yemeze igisubizo.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibizamini byo gupima virusi itera SIDA?

Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwo gupima virusi itera SIDA:

1. Ibipimo bya Antigen/Antibody:

• Ibipimo bya antigens bireba ikimenyetso cyitwa p24 ku buso bwa virusi itera SIDA. Ibipimo bya antibody bireba imiti umubiri wacu ukora kuri ibyo bimenyetso. Iki kizamini kireba byombi.
• Muganga afata urugero ruto rw'amaraso mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe. Yoherezwa muri laboratwari agapimwa p24 n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri. Iki kizamini gishobora kugaragaza agakoko gatera SIDA hagati y'iminsi 18 na 45 nyuma yo kwandura.
• Ikizamini cyihuse cya antigen/antibody gishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe urutoki rufata amaraso. Iki kizamini gishobora gupima virusi ya SIDA nibura iminsi 18 nyuma yo kuyimenya. Bishobora gufata iminsi 90 kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo nyabyo. ("Rpid" yerekeza ku gihe bifata kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo, ntabwo ari igihe bifata kugira ngo hamenyekane virusi).

2. Ibipimo by'umubiri urwanya indwara:

• Ibi bizamini bireba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwa virusi itera SIDA mu maraso yawe cyangwa mu macandwe yawe. Ibi bishobora gukorwa ufata ikizamini cy'amaraso mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe, ufata urutoki, cyangwa ufata ikizamini cy'amacandwe mu ishinya ryawe.
• Bishobora gufata iminsi iri hagati ya 23 na 90 nyuma yo gupimwa indwara y’umubiri kugira ngo hamenyekane agakoko gatera SIDA. Ibizamini by’umubiri bikorerwa ku maraso yakuwe mu mitsi, bishobora kuvumbura agakoko gatera SIDA vuba kurusha ibizamini bikorerwa ku macandwe cyangwa amaraso yakuwe mu rutoki.

3. Ibipimo bya aside ya nucleike (NATs):

• Abaganga ba NAT bashakisha virusi itera SIDA mu maraso yawe. Muganga afata urugero ruto rw'amaraso mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe. Ayo maraso yoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo apimwe virusi itera SIDA.
• Ubusanzwe, NAT ishobora kumenya agakoko gatera SIDA hagati y'iminsi 10 na 33 nyuma yo kwandura. Ariko, iki kizamini gikunze gukorwa gusa iyo wahuye n'akaga gakomeye.

Niba ibisubizo byawe byagaragaje ko ari "byagaragaje ko uri muzima," muganga wawe azakugira inama yo gupima ubuzima bwawe. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Umubare w'amaraso yuzuye (CBC)
• Gupima indwara ya Hepatite iterwa na virusi
• X-ray yo mu gituza
• Kwipimisha pap smear (ku bagore)
• Umubare w'uturemangingo twa CD4 (umubare wa CD4)
• Ikizamini cy'igituntu

Ese hari ibizamini bya virusi itera SIDA bishobora gukorerwa mu rugo? (Ibizamini byo mu rugo)

Yego, hari ibikoresho byo gupima virusi itera SIDA ushobora gukorera mu rugo. Bimwe ni ibizamini byihuse. Muri byo, usiga ishinya yawe ukoresheje agatambaro koroshye kandi gakomeye. Hanyuma, agatambaro gashyirwa mu muyoboro ufite amazi yihariye hanyuma ibisubizo bigasomwa. Ibisubizo biboneka mu minota 15-20.

Ibindi bipimo byo mu rugo bikoresha igikoresho cyo gutobora urutoki rwawe ukoresheje urushinge ruto. Igitonyanga cy'amaraso gishyirwa ku ikarita, hanyuma agakoresho ko gupima kakoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo.

Niba ibisubizo byo gupima mu rugo ari "ibyavuyemo", ugomba kubonana na muganga wawe hanyuma ugahabwa ikindi gipimo kugira ngo wemeze igisubizo.

Ese hari umuti wa virusi itera SIDA?

Kugeza ubu nta muti wa virusi itera SIDA uhari. Ariko, hari uburyo bwinshi bwiza bwo kuvura bushobora kugenzura cyane iterambere rya virusi itera SIDA.

Agakoko gatera SIDA kavurwa gute ? (Ubuvuzi)

Agakoko gatera SIDA kavurwa n'imiti inyobwa buri munsi yitwa ART (antiretroviral therapy) .

Gufata imiti itandukanye, aho gufata umuti umwe gusa, ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo guhagarika ikwirakwira rya virusi itera SIDA no kuyica. Hariho kandi ibinini bivanze birimo imiti myinshi mu kinini kimwe. Muganga wawe azaguhitiramo witonze uruvange rukubereye.

Intego y'ubuvuzi bwa ART ni ukugabanya ingano ya virusi itera SIDA mu maraso (umuvuduko wa virusi itera SIDA) kugeza ku rugero rutagaragara mu isuzuma rya virusi itera SIDA no kugenzura intege nke z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buterwa na virusi itera SIDA.

Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura virusi itera SIDA

Buri bwoko bw'imiti ikoreshwa muri ART ikora mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo ihagarike virusi itera SIDA gukora izindi kopi zayo cyangwa kwanduza uturemangingo twawe. Ubwoko bumwe bw'imiti ya ART bushobora kugira amazina atandukanye.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti ivura indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina:

• Ibyuma bigabanya transcriptase ya nucleoside (NRTIs)
• Inhibitors za non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTIs)
• Indwara zigabanya poroteyine (PIs)
• Ibibuza fusion
• Imiti ibuza receptor ya CCR5 (abarwanya CCR5)
• Inhibitors zo kohereza imigozi ya Integrase (INSTIs)
• Ibikoresho bibuza gufatana
• Ibikoresho bibuza imiti nyuma yo gufatana
• Inyongeramusaruro z'imiti
• Uruvange rw'imiti ya virusi itera SIDA

Ni gute nakwiyitaho mu gihe mbayeho n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA?

Ni ingenzi cyane gufata imiti yawe uko wabitegetswe, mu gihe gikwiye, kandi ntusimbuke gahunda za muganga. Ibi byitwaBitwa gukurikiza uburyo bwo kuvura.

Iyo utiriwe ufata imiti yawe, ndetse no mu buryo bw’impanuka, virusi itera SIDA ishobora guhindura uburyo yandurira mu turemangingo (mutate). Iyo bibaye, imiti ufata ishobora kudakora. Niba gahunda yawe y’akazi ikubuza gufata imiti yawe ku gihe cyangwa kubahiriza gahunda, vugana na muganga wawe.

Ni iki nkwiye kwitega mu gihe mfite agakoko gatera SIDA?

Niba waranduye agakoko gatera SIDA, ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kumenya ni uko abantu banduye agakoko gatera SIDA bakurikiza amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi neza bashobora kubaho ubuzima bwuzuye kandi burambye, nk'uko umuntu udafite agakoko gatera SIDA abayeho.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko niba umubare wa CD4 yawe uri hejuru kandi umubare wa virusi yawe ukaba utagaragara mu mwaka umwe uhereye igihe watangiye kuvurwa, uzagira umusaruro mwiza, mu gihe ukomeje gukurikiza gahunda yo kuvurwa.

Ushobora kunoza uko ubona ibintu ukoresheje ibi bintu:

• Suzuma nk'igice cy'isuzuma ry'ubuzima risanzwe, cyangwa niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warahuye n'iki cyorezo.
• Tangira kuvurwa vuba bishoboka nyuma yo gusanganwa agakoko gatera SIDA.
• Fata umuti wawe neza buri munsi.
• Komeza gahunda n'ikipe yawe y'abaganga.

Nubwo imiti ya ART ishobora kugabanya umubare wa virusi mu maraso yawe kugeza ku rugero rudasobanutse, ntabwo ishobora gukuraho burundu virusi mu mubiri wawe (ishobora kurara mu turemangingo twawe). Iyo udafata imiti yawe buri gihe, virusi ishobora kongera gukwirakwira no guhinduka, kandi imiti yawe ishobora guhagarika gukora.

Iyo idavuwe, bishobora gufata imyaka 10 kugira ngo agakoko gatera SIDA kagere kuri SIDA. Iyo urwaye SIDA kandi ntuvurwe, ushobora kwitega kubaho indi myaka itatu.

Ariko, mu bari kuvurwa, iyo umubare wa CD4 uri hejuru kandi umuvuduko wa virusi ntugaragare mu mwaka umwe uhereye igihe batangiriye kuvurwa, bashobora kubaho igihe kirekire nk'umuntu udafite virusi itera SIDA. Iyo umubare wa CD4 uri hasi mu mwaka umwe uhereye igihe batangiriye kuvurwa, cyangwa niba umuvuduko wa virusi utagaragara, bashobora kubaho imyaka 10-20 munsi y'udafite virusi itera SIDA.

Ese virusi itera SIDA irashira ubwayo?

SIDA ntabwo igenda ubwayo. Kubera ko yinjirira muri ADN yawe, uturemangingo twawe twibwira ko ari igice cyawe. Nubwo ushobora kutagira ibimenyetso nyuma y'imyaka myinshi wanduye, kandi ukaba utarwaye, virusi itera SIDA ishobora gukomeza kwangiza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe.

Mu gihe ufata imiti, hari igihe virusi iba nke cyane ku buryo idashobora kumenyekana mu gihe cyo gupima virusi itera SIDA. Muri ibi bihe, virusi itera SIDA ishobora kuguma mu mubiri wawe, idashobora kugaragara. Ishobora "gukanguka" mu gihe kizaza igatangira kwangiza uturemangingo twawe.

Niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi cyane gukomeza gufata imiti yawe ya SIDA, nubwo waba wumva udafite indwara cyangwa ufite urwego rudasobanutse rwa virusi. Iyo idahawe umuti, virusi itera intege nke ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, amaherezo bigatuma utabasha kurwanya izindi ndwara zikomeye.

Nigute nagabanya ibyago byo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ni ukumenya uburyo yandura no kwirinda ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe . Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye no gusangira inshinge zo gutera imiti ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwira.

Dore bumwe mu buryo ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe:

• Koresha udukingirizo twa latex (amasupu) mu mibonano mpuzabitsina iyo ari yo yose (mu gitsina, mu kibuno, cyangwa mu kanwa). Ntugakoreshe udukingirizo twakozwe mu bikomoka ku matungo (urugero: uruhu rw'intama).
• Koresha amavuta yo kwisiga ashingiye ku mazi (lotion).
• Ntuzigere usangira inshinge zo gutera imiti.
• Suzuma kandi uvurwe izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs). Kugira izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina byongera ibyago byo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA.
• Ntugasinde cyangwa ngo ukoreshe ibiyobyabwenge kugira ngo ugire icyo utekereza. Abantu basinze ntibabasha kwikingira.
• Niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA, baza muganga wawe niba ukwiye gufata PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warahuye n'agakoko gatera SIDA, gana muganga wawe vuba bishoboka kugira ngo arebe niba ukeneye gufata PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Tekereza kwipimisha kugira ngo urebe niba ushobora kwanduza abandi virusi itera SIDA.

Gukoresha agakingirizo neza ni ingenzi cyane mu kwirinda agakoko gatera SIDA. Koresha agakingirizo k'abagabo mu gihe cyose cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina ikoreshwa n'igitsina cyawe.

Ushobora kurinda igitsina cyawe cyangwa ikibuno cyawe ukoresheje amenyo cyangwa udukingirizo tw’imbere (udukingirizo tw’abagore) . Agakingirizo k’amenyo ni uduce duto twa polyurethane cyangwa latex dushobora gushyirwa hejuru y’igitsina cyangwa ikibuno mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina yo mu kanwa. Agakingirizo k’imbere gashobora gushyirwa mu gitsina cyangwa ikibuno hanyuma kagakoreshwa.

Koresha ubwoko bumwe bw'agakingirizo icyarimwe. Ntugakoreshe agakingirizo k'abagabo n'ak'imbere icyarimwe.

Ese imiti ishobora gukumira agakoko gatera SIDA?

Hari imiti ishobora gufasha mu kwirinda agakoko gatera SIDA, haba ku bantu bahuye n’agakoko gatera SIDA ndetse n’abafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura. Iyi miti yitwa PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) na PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .

Uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara mbere yo gucika intege (PrEP)

PrEP ni ikinini ufata buri munsi niba udafite agakoko gatera SIDA ariko ukaba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura.

By’umwihariko, niba udafite agakoko gatera SIDA, wakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kibuno cyangwa mu gitsina mu mezi atandatu ashize, kandi kimwe muri ibi bikurikira ni ukuri, ni byiza gufata PrEP:

• Uwo mwashakanye afite agakoko gatera SIDA.
• Ntabwo buri gihe wakoreshaga agakingirizo.
• Wagize indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STI) mu mezi atandatu ashize.

PrEP irasabwa niba udafite agakoko gatera SIDA, utera imiti, kandi niba hari kimwe muri ibi bikurikira ari ukuri:

• Utera imiti n'umukunzi wawe ufite agakoko gatera SIDA.
• Musangira inshinge cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo gutera imiti.

PrEP ntabwo ari ikintu gisimbura ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda. Nubwo ufata PrEP, ugomba gukomeza gukoresha udukingirizo no kwirinda gusangira inshinge zo gutera imiti.

Gukingira nyuma yo guhura n'indwara (PEP)

PEP ikoresha imiti ya SIDA kugira ngo igerageze gukumira ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kwandura. PEP ni iy'abantu badafite virusi itera SIDA, cyangwa batazi niba bafite virusi itera SIDA ariko batekereza ko bashobora kuba barayinduye binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ku bwumvikane, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, gusangira inshinge (cyangwa ibindi bikoresho), cyangwa guhura n'akazi.

Ugomba gutangira PEP mu masaha 72 nyuma yo guhura n’iyi ndwara kandi ukayifata buri munsi mu gihe cy’iminsi 28. PEP ni iyo mu bihe byihutirwa gusa, kandi ntabwo ari ikintu gisimbura ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda, nko gukoresha agakingirizo.

Niba mfite agakoko gatera SIDA, nakwirinda nte ko kakwirakwira mu bandi?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda kwanduzanya virusi itera SIDA mu bandi ahanini ni bumwe n'uburyo bwo kwirinda:

• Bwira abo mukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abo mutera inshinge z'ibiyobyabwenge ko ufite agakoko gatera SIDA.
• Kurikiza gahunda yawe yo kwivuza kandi ntucike imiti yawe. Niba umubare wa virusi yawe utagaragara, ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina biragabanuka cyane (U=U: Idaboneka = Idakwirakwira).
• Vugana n'uwo mwashakanye ku bijyanye no gufata PrEP.
• Nubwo umubare w'agakoko kawe ka virusi utagaragara, ambara agakingirizo mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina mu gitsina, mu kibuno no mu kanwa.
• Ntugasangire inshinge cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutera imiti.
• Gabanya umubare w'abo mukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina.
• Niba utwite kandi ufite agakoko gatera SIDA, gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvura, harimo n'imiti ya ART, bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwanduza umwana wawe agakoko.

Ese nshobora gutwita mfite agakoko gatera SIDA?

Hari abantu bibwira ko virusi itera SIDA ituma gutwita bigorana, ariko si byo. Niba ufite virusi itera SIDA kandi ukaba ushaka gutwita, vugana na muganga wawe. Mushobora gufata gahunda yo kugukomeza, wowe n'uwo muzabana, ndetse n'abana bawe b'ejo hazaza.

Ushobora kwanduza uwo mwashakanye virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, no ku mwana wawe mu gihe utwite, ubyara, no konsa. Gufata imiti ya ART bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwanduza umwana wawe virusi itera SIDA, cyane cyane niba umubare w'udukoko twa virusi udashobora kugaragara. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo guha umwana wawe amata y'ifu aho kumugaburira amashereka.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga wanjye?

Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba warahuye na virusi itera SIDA, hamagara muganga wawe vuba. Niba ufite virusi itera SIDA, ni ngombwa cyane gutangira kuvurwa vuba bishoboka .

Niba usanzwe uzi ko ufite agakoko gatera SIDA, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'igihe cyo kuvugana. Ni ngombwa kuvura ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'ubwandu, bityo vugana na we niba ufite ibimenyetso bishya nko kugira umuriro, kubira ibyuya nijoro, impiswi, cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose kiguhangayikishije.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

• Ese mfite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA?
• Ni iki nakora kugira ngo ngire ibyago byo kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA?
• Ni gute namenya neza ko nfata imiti yanjye neza?
• Nakora iki kugira ngo nirinde izindi ndwara?
• Ni gute wakwirinda ikwirakwira rya virusi itera SIDA?
• Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byanjye bivuze iki?
• Ibarura ry'amaraso yanjye risobanura iki?
• Ni izihe nkingo ngomba guhabwa?

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Uburyo bwo kuvura muri iki gihe ni bwiza cyane kurusha uko byari bimeze mu gihe icyorezo cya SIDA cyari gikomeye. Iyo upimwe kare, ukambara imiti ya ART, kandi ukayikurikiza, uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kubaho igihe kirekire. Muri iki gihe, abantu babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA bashobora gukora, bakagira imibereho myiza, barera imiryango, kandi bakagirana umubano mwiza. Mu by'ukuri, ibi bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku mibereho myiza yo mu mutwe wawe.

Uko twagera ku rwego rungana kose mu bijyanye no kuvura, ikibabaje ni uko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku cyorezo cya SIDA riracyahari. Uretse ubwoba n'ihungabana bizanwa no kuvurwa indwara nshya, ushobora no guhangayikishwa n'uko abantu bakwegereye bazabyitwaramo. Niba utinya kwipimisha cyangwa kuvurwa, cyangwa niba utazi neza intambwe ugiye gutera, vugana n'umuryango w'abaturage wita ku cyorezo cya SIDA. Wibuke ko ufite uburenganzira bwo gushyigikirwa, kugirirwa impuhwe no kuvurwa neza.

VIH , SIDA, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, virusi itera SIDA, selile za CD4, ubuvuzi bwa ART, ubuzima bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina