Kubabara mu gifu, amaraso mu mwanda? Bishobora kuba ari indwara ya Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS)

Ese wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe, cyane cyane umwana, mukunda kubabara igifu kenshi? Ese wigeze ubona amaraso make mu mwenda wawe? Cyangwa wumva unaniwe kandi unaniwe? Akenshi tureka ibi bimenyetso nk'uburibwe bw'igifu cyangwa kutaryoherwa n'ibiryo. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe ibi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa n'indwara tutaramenya byinshi, ariko twagombye kubimenya. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri imwe muri izo ndwara, Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS).

Mu by'ukuri, JPS ni iki?

Mu magambo make, Indwara ya Polyposis y’Abana (JPS) ni indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo aho imikurire idasanzwe ivuka ku nkuta z’imbere z’igogora ryacu (igifu - inzira y’imbere mu nda). Mu buvuzi, iyi mikurire tuyita polyps . Tekereza akantu gato kameze nk’imizabibu kamanitse ku giti kiri mu mara yacu. Uko ni ko izi polyps zigira.

Izi polyps zishobora kwibasira ahantu hose mu buryo bw'igogora ryacu.

• Igifu
• Mu mara mato
• Mu mara manini (urura runini)
• Igitereko cy'inyuma

Ariko akenshi ziboneka mu mara manini no mu nda y'umura. Umuntu urwaye JPS ashobora kuba afite izi polyps kuva kuri nke kugeza ku magana.

Noneho ushobora gutekereza ko kubera ko ifite ijambo "ubuto" muri yo, iyi ari indwara yibasira abana bato gusa. Mu by'ukuri si byo. Ijambo "ubuto" hano ntirivuga imyaka indwara ikuramo. Rivuga imiterere y'uturemangingo tugaragara iyo polyp ifashwe ikanasuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Ariko, akenshi, ibimenyetso by'iyi ndwara bitangira kugaragara mu bwana cyangwa mu bwangavu , akenshi mbere y'imyaka 20.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa JPS?

Yego, JPS ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi. Ubu bwoko bushingiye ku bunini bwa polyps zikora n'aho ziherereye.

Ni nde urwara iyi ndwara? Ese ni umurage?

JPS iterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo, bityo umuntu wese ashobora kuyirwara. Ni indwara idakunze kugaragara. Ku isi yose, iyi ndwara ikwirakwira ni hafi umuntu umwe mu bihumbi ijana .

Yego, iyi ndwara ishobora kuragwa . JPS ni icyo mu buvuzi twita "autosomal dominant" uburwayi. Ibi bivuze ko nubwo umwana yakura kopi imwe ya gene yahinduwe kuri iyi ndwara kuri nyina cyangwa se, bihagije kugira ngo umwana agire iyi ndwara.

• Abagera kuri 75% by'abarwayi ba JPS bakura iyi ndwara ku babyeyi babo.
• Mu 25% bisigaye by’abarwayi, iyi ndwara ishobora guterwa n’impinduka mu mubiri w’umwana, nubwo ababyeyi badafite iyi mpinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya JPS?

Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cy'iyi ndwara ni ukwirema kwa polyps, twavuze mbere, mu mara. Kubera ko izi zibaho mu mubiri, ntidushobora kuzibona inyuma. Kenshi na kenshi, polyps zishobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso kugeza igihe zibaye nini cyangwa umubare wazo wiyongera. Ariko iyo ibimenyetso bitangiye kugaragara, zishobora kumera gutya.

Izindi kamere zishobora kugaragara mu ivuka

Hafi 15% by'abarwayi ba JPS bagira ibindi bibazo by'umubiri igihe bavuka hiyongereyeho indwara zo mu mara.

• Umunwa n'akanwa bipfutse
• Kugira intoki cyangwa amano by'inyongera (Polydactyly)
• Iterambere ry'ubwonko, umutima, cyangwa inkari riteye nabi
• Kuzunguruka amara (Malrotation)

Ese hari isano iri hagati ya JPS n'ibyago byo kurwara kanseri?

Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kumenya kuri iyi ndwara. Polyps ziterwa na JPS ntabwo ziba ari kanseri mu ntangiriro (zitari mbi). Ni ibibyimba bisanzwe. Ariko, uko igihe kigenda gihita, hari ibyago byinshi cyane by'uko izi polyps zihinduka kanseri.

Kubwibyo, umuntu urwaye JPS aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y’ubwoko bukurikira:

• Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura
• Kanseri y'igifu
• Kanseri y'amara mato
• Kanseri y'impyiko

Ntugatinye ibi. Ibi ntibivuze ko buri wese azarwara kanseri. Ariko bivuze ko ibyago byo kurwara ari byinshi. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane gusuzuma indwara mu gihe gikwiye no kwisuzumisha mu gihe gikwiye nk'uko byasabwe na muganga wawe.

Ni iyihe mpamvu yihariye ya JPS?

Nkuko twabiganiriyeho mbere, iyi ni indwara iterwa na gene. JPS iterwa ahanini n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo ebyiri mu mubiri wacu zitwa BMPR1A na SMAD4 .

Kugira ngo tubisobanukirwe, reka dukoreshe urugero rworoshye. Tekereza ko uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu tumeze nk'imodoka ziri mu muhanda. Uturemangingo tubiri twitwa BMPR1A na SMAD4 tumeze nk'abapolisi bo mu muhanda. Bagenzura imikurire n'igabanyuka ry'uturemangingo, batanga ibimenyetso bivuga ngo "Sawa, gabanya ubu" na "Sawa, hagarika ubu."

Iyo izi ngirabuzimafatizo ebyiri zihinduka, nk'iyo abo bapolisi b'imodoka bagiye, uturemangingo dutakaza ubushobozi bwo kutwigarurira. Dutangira kwigabanya uko dushaka, kandi ku muvuduko wihuse. Uko ni ko utwo turemangingo tudacunganye twishyira hamwe tugateranya tugakora utu tubyimba twitwa polyps.

Uretse JPS, abantu bafite impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya SMAD4 bafite ibyago byo kurwara indi ndwara yitwa hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT).

Ni gute wasuzuma iyi ndwara?

Iyo ubwiye muganga wawe ibimenyetso byawe, azagusuzuma kandi akubaze amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe. Kugira ngo umenye JPS, ugomba kuba ufite nibura kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:

• Kugira polyps eshanu cyangwa zirenga mu mara manini cyangwa mu mara y'uruhinja.
• Kuba hari izindi polyps mu buryo bw'igogora.
• Kugira nibura polyp imwe n'amateka y'umuryango wa JPS.

Hari ibizamini bibiri by'ingenzi byemeza iyi ndwara.

1. Isuzuma rya Endoscopic / Colonoscopy: Ibi bikubiyemo gushyiramo umuyoboro muto kandi woroshye ufite kamera n'urumuri unyuze mu kibuno kugira ngo usuzume imbere hose mu mara manini no mu nzira y'igogora. Ibi bishobora gufasha kureba niba hari polyps, umubare wazo, n'aho ziri. Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma, polyps nto zishobora gukurwaho hanyuma hagafatwa icyitegererezo cy'inyama (biopsy) kugira ngo gipimwe.

2. Gupima amaraso mu maraso: Hafatwa icyitegererezo cy'amaraso kigapimwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari impinduka za BMPR1A cyangwa SMAD4 gene zitera JPS. Ibi bishobora kwemeza indwara 100%.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura JPS?

Intego nyamukuru yo kuvura JPS ni ugukuraho polyps.Ibi bishobora kugenzura ibimenyetso no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri mu gihe kizaza. Muganga wawe azaguhitiramo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura hashingiwe ku myaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe, umubare w'indwara za polyps, n'aho ziherereye.

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura:

• Gukuraho polyps mu gihe cyo gusuzuma colonoscopy: Iyo polyps ari nke kandi ari nto, zishobora gucibwa no gukurwaho hakoreshejwe igikoresho kimwe cyakoreshejwe mu gusuzuma.
• Kubaga gukuraho polyps: Niba polyps ari nini cyangwa ziri ahantu bigoye kuhagera hakoreshejwe colonoscope, kubagwa bishobora kuba ngombwa.
• Gukuraho igice cy'amara: Iyo umubare munini wa polyps ukwirakwiriye ahantu hamwe, abaganga bashobora gufata icyemezo cyo kubaga icyo gice cyose cy'amara.

Iyo abana bato bafite polyp imwe gusa, akenshi ikurwaho mu gihe cyo kubaga colonoscopy. Kubaga abana ntibikunze gukorwa.

Ni gute wakwita ku ndwara nyuma yo kuyisuzuma?

JPS ni indwara igomba gucungwa igihe kirekire. Nyuma yo kuvurwa no gukurwaho kwa polyps, tugomba guhora dukurikiranwa kugira ngo tumenye niba yongeye gukura cyangwa niba izindi nshya zavutse. Niyo mpamvu dukora isuzuma .

Muganga wawe azakubwira ko ugomba gukora ibi bizamini ku gihe cyagenwe.

• Gupima amaraso
• Inkoko igabanya ubukana bw'uturemangingo
• Isuzuma ryo hejuru rya endoscope

Ikizamini cya mbere gikunze gukorwa ibimenyetso bikimara kugaragara cyangwa mbere y'imyaka 15. Niba ibisubizo by'ikizamini ari byiza, uzasabwa gusubiramo ikizamini buri myaka 3. Ariko, niba ufite polyps kandi zarakuweho, ushobora gukenera ikizamini buri mwaka . Iyo polyps zitagarutse, igihe kiri hagati y'ibizamini gishobora kongerwa kikagera ku myaka 3.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite kimwe mu bimenyetso twavuzeho, cyane cyane amaraso mu mwanda wawe , ntukirengagize. Bishobora kuba indwara yoroheje ya hemorroide, cyangwa bikaba ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikomeye nka JPS. Rero, jya kwa muganga wawe vuba.

Nanone, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kurwara JPS mbere, cyangwa niba warigeze kurwara kanseri y'amara ukiri muto, ni byiza kubivugana na muganga wawe no gupimwa imiterere y'uturemangingo nibiba ngombwa, nubwo nta bimenyetso ufite.